2. There are two ways of reporting
what somebody says;
Direct
Speech
Indirect Speech or Reported
Speech
3. Characteristics:
Definition:
When the actual
words of the
speaker are
reproduced, it is
called direct
speech.
Example:
It is original quotation
of a talk
It is always placed
between two
quotation marks
It is always preceded
by Capital letter
He said, „I am going to school.‟
4. When the main
idea of a speaker‟s
words is reported
by another person
and the exact
words are not
quoted, it is called
indirect speech or
reported speech.
Example:
It is a kind of reported
sentence (reported
speech)
It retells one‟s talk or
idea
It undergoes certain
modification
It doesn‟t use speech
marks
He said that he was going to school.
5. There are three types of indirect
speech;
1. Imperative
(Command/Request)
2. Declarative (Statement)
3. Interrogative (Question)
6. • The Imperative is a command. It does not tell the
subject and the verb in direct imperative does not
change.
Example: “Turn off the lamp”
◦ It also has non verb, so the reported command is
preceded by „Be + adjective/adverb!‟ .
Example: “Be quiet”
7.
DIRECT SPEECH
She said, “Go away!”
“Come here!” she
said. I said,
“Be quite!” „Be quiet!‟
she yelled at the
children.
She begged, “Be
happy!”
„Please help me!‟ she
told him
INDIRECT SPEECH
She ordered her to
go away .
She asked him to
come there.
She ordered the
children to be quiet
She requested to be
happy
She asked him to
help her
8.
DIRECT SPEECH
She said, “Don‟t go
away!”
“Don‟t Come here!”
she said
I said, “Don‟t Be
noisy!”
She begged, “Don‟t
be lazy!”
INDIRECT SPEECH
She told me not to
go away
She asked him not
to come there.
She begged us not
to be noisy!
She told him not to
worry about it
9. This is the way to make Declarative (Statement)
1. PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES: CHANGES
NECESSARY
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
•I
• He/she
• You
• Me/he/she/them/I/him/her
• My
• His/her
• Our
• Their/our
•Your
• My/his/her
10. 2. EXPRESSIONS OF TIME AND PLACE
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
•Now
• Then
•Today
•That Day
•Tomorrow
•The next day, the following
day
•Yesterday
•The previous day
•Here
•There
•This/these
•That/those
11. 3. TENSES
Indirect speech is usually introduced by a verb in the past tense. Verbs
in the direct speech have then to be changed into a corresponding past
tense. The changes are shown in the following table.
12. 1. Preceded by Auxiliary:
When the question is preceded by auxiliary that
needs yes/No answer it will be used the
conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech
2. The steps how to make indirect speech:
◦ The question sentence of the indirect speech is
firstly changed to be statement
◦ It then follows the rules before
13. 1.
2.
3.
4.
He said, “Where is the station?” ⇨ He asked
where the station was.
He asked, “What have you got in your bag?”
⇨ He asked (me) what I had got in my bag.
He said, ”Mary, when is the next train?” ⇨
He asked Mary when the next train was.
“Is anyone there?”, he asked ⇨ He asked
if/whether anyone was there.
