Engineering Graphics

1. GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY(012)
SUBJECT : ENGINEERING GRAPHIC (2110013)
Active Learning Assignment on the topic of
“Projection of Solids”
BE Mechanical Sem-1 H3
Prepared By: Pandya Yash D. (ENROLLMENT NO.)
Guided By:

2. CONTAINS
 Defination of Sectioning & Section plane
 Types of cutting planes
 Important terms for Sectioning
 Typical section planes & shape of section
 Problem

3. Section Plane & Sectioning
 Some times the objects are so complicated that, it becomes
very difficult to visualize the object with the help of its front
view and top view.
 Some objects are hollow. Their internal details are not
visible with the help of simple front view and top view.
 In such cases the object is cut by some imaginary cutting
plane to understand internal details of that object.
 Section Plane : The plane of cutting is called section plane.
 Sectioning : The action of cutting is called sectioning a solid.

4. Types Of Putting Planes
PlANES
AUXILIARY PLANES
Profile Plane
( P.P.)
Auxiliary Inclined Plane
(A.I.P.)
Auxiliary Vertical Plane
(A.V.P.)
غ
A.V.P.
 to Hp &  to Vp
θº

5. Auxiliary Vertical Plane
An A.V.P. appears as a straight line in its top view. The straight
line is its H.T.
So an A.V.P. always cuts T.V. of a solid.
Its position is described in the problem.
H
X Y
T
H
 After launching a section plane
either in FV or TV, the part
towards observer is assumed
to be removed.
 As far as possible the smaller
part is assumed to be removed.
NOTES

6. Auxiliary Inclined Plane
Its position is described in the problem
So an A.I.P. always cuts F.V. of a solid
An A.I.P. appears as a straight line in its front view. The straight
line is its V.T.
X Y
V
T
 After launching a section plane either
in FV or TV, the part towards observer
iszassumed to be removed.
 As far as possible the smaller part is
assumed to be removed.
NOTES

7. Classification Of Solid
Solid: Solids have three dimensions- length, breadth and
depth/thickness.
Solid are classified in five different
ways:
1) (i) Right. (ii)oblique
2) (i) regular (ii) irregular
3) (i) polyhedral (ii) solids of Revolution
4) (i) full solid (ii) frustum of solid
(iii) Truncated frustum of solid

8. Sectioning A Solid
OBSERVER
ASSUME
UPPER PART
REMOVED
 Two cutting actions means section planes are
recommended.
A) Section Plane perpendicular to V.p and inclined to
Hp.
(This is a definition of an Aux. Inclined Plane i.e.
A.I.P.)
NOTE : This section plane appears as a straight
line in FV.
 SECTIONING A SOLID : An object ( here a solid ) is cut by some
imaginary cutting plane to understand internal details of that
object.

9. Sectioning A Solid
 After launching a section plane
either in FV or TV, the part towards observer
is assumed to be removed.
 As far as possible the smaller part is
assumed to be removed.
NOTES
B) Section Plane perpendicular to H.p and inclined to V.p.
(This is a definition of an Aux. Vertical Plane i.e. A.V.P.)
NOTE : This section plane appears as a straight line
in TV. OBSERVER
ASSUME
LOWER PART
REMOVED

10. Problem
 A cone, diameter of base 50 mm and height 70 mm, is
resting on H.P. on one of its generators with axis parallel to
V.P. draw the projection of cone.