Organ culture is defined as the description and development in vitro of any organ or in the portion of organs where many tissue constituents like Parenchyma and Stroma, and there structural correlation and function are protected in culture. For what the explanted tissue narrowly look like its parent tissue in vitro.

1. Organ culture

2. Introduction
Organ culture is defined as the description and development in vitro of any organ or
in the portion of organs where many tissue constituents like Parenchyma and
Stroma, and there structural correlation and function are protected in culture. For
what the explanted tissue narrowly look like its parent tissue in vitro.

3.  Cells extensions from the margins of the explants is depressed and lessened by an
appropriate culture medium and a new growth is collection of the segregated
organizations. Therefore in glands new glandular organizations are developed for
example in lung tissues new bronchi are developed.

4. Organ culture techniques
Plasma clot method
 It is a watch glass technique introduced by two scientist Fell and Robinson in
which watch glass contained extract of chick embryo and clot surface having
chick plasma membrane on which new organs were grown.
 That technique is appropriate for the morphogenetic studies of the constituents
of the embryonic organs.
 Through this technique fetal and adult organs growth is possible but has many
adverse effects. No more biochemical analysis occur on this technique due to
complexity of medium.

5. Agar substrates
 Problems faced by plasma clots is ended by using agar gels. It has been hosted
by Spratt. Gaillard’s techniques modified by Wolf and Heffner. In embryological
watch glass agar gel is enclosed. This is successfully used for the developmental
and morphogenetic studies. Although agar does not soften it is not examined or
adapted without resettling into the culture. Fluid media over comes this difficulty
while united by the provision which avoids the cultures being absorbed.

6. Raft method
 That technique is discovered by Chen when he found that the lens paper which is
used for the cleaning of the microscopic lenses is not able to wet instead it is
float on the fluid medium. He took a watch glass containing serum and place a
raft of lens paper on which he applied 4-5 cultures. And that is proved by Richter
when he used Silicone instead of the serum and he observed its floating
characteristics. Las et al. correlate this lens paper by using Millipore filters.

7.  He took a lens paper and blow a small hole in the center of the paper and covered this with a strip
of Millipore filter paper. Now here we cultivate or culture the tissues on the either sideways of the
filter paper and their contact with filter paper. Rayon acetate replace with lens paper by Shaffer.
 The rayon acetate bands were treat with four corners with silicone to hover on fluid medium. Rayon
acetate has a benefit over the lens paper because it corners are resolvable to acetone and can be
liquefied while we practices histological procedures by dipping it in acetone.

8. Grid method
 Ideal conditions are not meet by the rafts floating on fluid medium. Rafts tissues
engrossed into the medium at diverse pits while dropped. Trowel technique
complete this trouble. First of all metal grids discovered by the tantalum wire
gauze. After all it was consumable by the more stiff prolonged metal, which are
gotten as the incessant piece of stainless steel or by titanium. The grids were
four-sided of 25 X 25 mm, and four pins are made while boundaries are fixed
above and stature is around 4 mm.

9.  On the grid skeletal tissues are unswervingly are cultured but weaker tissues are such as glands or
skin tissues are dropped by the secure on the band of lens and then removed on the grids. With its
explants the grids uprooted in the culture compartment which is full with middling up to close of
grid.
 The main purpose of the Trowel technique to constituting mammalian tissues which needs upper
oxygen level than fetal organs. To obtain tis the culture compartments were surrounded by a vessel
which perfused with a combination of carbon dioxide and oxygen. The technique thriven in
conserving the feasibility and histological structure of the grown tissues such as prostate glands,
kidney, thyroid and pituitary. In simplified form method has no longer applications but in adapted
form it is still used.

10. Intermittent exposure to medium and gas
phase
 It is the most freshly used method which has been positively used for extensive
period culture of human grownup tissues counting respiratory and mammary
epithelium, throat and uterine end cervix.
 We take a chamber filled with suitable gas and having atmospheric organized
circumstances. Explants are devoted with foot of the malleable culture plate and
sheltered with medium and located it into the compartment we took. Now put
the chamber on the podium and stunned at a number of cycle per minute during
cultivation.

11. Watch glass technique
 This technique was discovered by the Fell and Robinson initially to training the
growth of the avian appendage bone essentials but was prolonged to examine
the growth and diversity of avian and mammalian tissues. By using this technique
we take an avian tissue put it on a mass which comprises chick plasma and
embryo cutting in same quantities which is confined in the watch glass.
 Petri dish surrounded one or two watch glass and carpeted with damp cotton
wool or any filter paper to avoid vaporization of the mass and explants. These
petri dishes are incubated at 37°C.

12. Method
 Rub the round end of the eggs with cotton wool damped in the seventy percent
alcohol before confiscating the embryo from the eggs. Attentively peeling off the
superior part of the shell by drumming the shell to break it and shedding towards
outside and rip exposed the inner membrane casing of the shell the embryo with
the couple of square tongs. Take petri dish and descent embryos by picking out
them from the heads of the embryo by square tongs. Shower them with the help
of HBSS, eradicate eyes and crumble embryo by hands with the help of couple
scissors.

13.  Slogging the embryo by hands after the removing by the help of wide-mouthed
pipette in homogenizer for insufficient minutes.
 Now reshuffling the secondary homogenate with an equal parts of HBSS and blend
the mixture at twenty gram for ten minutes at 4°C. Eradicate the upper layer or
supernatant and re-centrifuge it if it compulsory to get rid from the suspended
particles in the homogenate. Finally opalescent meet with supernatant free of cells.
 Finally it used by frequently or preserved in the vessels at 20°C. This can be
consumed with limits of three months.

14. Autoradiography
 The whole radioactivity obtained by counting the fused categorized tissues by
mining the purpose to measuring isotopes but its constituents are different in
different tissues. The location of the different constituents or distinct cells
identified by autoradiography. By using light microscopy we identify this label