1. 1
独立评审委员会在临床试验中的作用和地位
The Role of Independent review committee in Clinical Trials
1
马小舟,2
邓洁,3
王屹,4
蔡文立
1
Associate Director, Quantification and 3D Imaging Lab, WorldCare Clinical, LLC
2
Research Assistant Professor, Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
3
教授/主任医师,北京大学人民医院放射科
4
Assistant Professor, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
利益冲突(Disclosure):笔者马小舟,现于 WorldCare Clinical, LLC 担任量化三维影像实验室的
Associate Director,WorldCare Clinical, LLC 是一家影像合同研究机构(iCRO)。
关键词:独立评审委员会,合同研究机构,临床试验
相关概念及缩略:
1. 独立评审委员会(Independent review committee, IRC)
2. 合同研究机构(Contract/Clinical Research Organization, CRO):在合同约定下完成出资方发起
的临床试验中的某一项或多项职责的个人或组织。
3. 影像合同研究机构(Imaging CRO, iCRO):拥有影像学评估能力的合同研究机构。
4. 美国食品药品管理局(US Food and Drug Administration, FDA)
5. 欧洲药品管理局(European Medicines Agency, EMA)
注:笔者冥思许久,某些英文名称很难用合适简洁的中文来精准的翻译,如,”Blinded”,
“Fellow”等。所以,以上相关名称的中文翻译只做参考,文中偏好使用原汁原味的英文词以避
免歧义。
笔者背景:
过去 10 年期间,笔者曾在哈佛大学附属麻省总院/Dana-Farber 癌症中心做 Research Fellow 五年,
近五年在一家影像合同研究机构(iCRO)从事国际多中心临床试验工作。参与过的各期临床试验
(Phase I – IV)总数不少于 150 个项目。是 Pharma Imaging Network for Therapeutics and
Diagnostics(PINTAD)成员,参与 FDA 关于《Clinical Trial Imaging Endpoint Process Standards Guidance
for Industry》草稿意见回馈。笔者不才在这里用自己有限的临床试验经验,给投身于临床研究的
同僚们梳理一下概念,希望给大家的临床试验工作带来些帮助和启发。
背景概述:
随着国内临床试验的普及与深入,对符合国际标准的临床试验的要求也越来越高。独立评审委员
会(IRC)作为最高标准的临床试验数据评估标准/方法,在美国 FDA 和欧洲 EMA 被指定为新化疗药
物疗效认证的推荐试验方法[1-4],并存在于各种指导性文件中,如:FDA 最近起草的关于医药企
业进行临床试验的指导文件《Clinical Trial Imaging Endpoint Process Standards Guidance for
8. 8
笔者根据有限的文献和既往的经验选择比较重要的内容给大家粗略介绍一下独立评审委员会和合
同研究机构,希望对各位的临床试验工作有所启发/帮助。关于 IRC 和 CRO 还有很多实际操作运行
的经验尚未介绍,因篇幅有限先写到此。如感兴趣或有异议,笔者欢迎所有读者通过邮件联系询
问和展开讨论,邮件地址:xiaozhou_ma@163.com
References:
1. (FDA), F.a.D.A., Guidance for Industry: Clinical Trial Endpoints for the Approval of Cancer Drugs
and Biologics. 2007.
2. (FDA), F.a.D.A., Guidance for Industry: Standards for Clinical Trials Imaging Endpoints, Draft
Guidance. 2011.
3. (EMA), E.M.A., Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Treatment or Prevention of
Diabetes Mellitus. 2012.
4. FDA, Clinical Trial Imaging Endpoint Process Standards: Guidance for Industry (Draft). U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration, 2015.
5. Nystrom, L., et al., Determination of cause of death among breast cancer cases in the Swedish
randomized mammography screening trials. A comparison between official statistics and
validation by an endpoint committee. Acta Oncol, 1995. 34(2): p. 145-52.
6. Gibson, D., et al., Is double data entry necessary? The CHART trials. CHART Steering Committee.
Continuous, Hyperfractionated, Accelerated Radiotherapy. Control Clin Trials, 1994. 15(6): p.
482-8.
7. Hamulyak, K., et al., Subcutaneous low-molecular weight heparin or oral anticoagulants for the
prevention of deep-vein thrombosis in elective hip and knee replacement? Fraxiparine Oral
Anticoagulant Study Group. Thromb Haemost, 1995. 74(6): p. 1428-31.
8. Winawer, S.J., et al., Prevention of colorectal cancer: guidelines based on new data. WHO
Collaborating Center for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. Bull World Health Organ, 1995.
73(1): p. 7-10.
9. Kruholz-Bahner, S., An overview and analysis regarding the use of adjudication methods in EU
and US Drug Approvals. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science, 2015: p. 1-9.
10. Walovitch, R.C., Subjective endpoints in clinical trials: the case for blinded independent central
review. Open Access Journal of Clinical Trials, 2013. 2013:5 111–117.
11. Walovitch, R.C., A Simulation Study to Evaluate Accuracy and Precision of Blinded Independent
Central Reviews of Progression-free Survival in Cancer Clinical Trials. Journal of Clinical Trials,
2013. 2167-0870.1000142.