In this ppt, we have studied about polymerization (basic knowledge) and what is industrial applications of polymerization

1. Wahab Baloch [D-18-CH-52]
Student of final year of Chemical Engineering

2.  Polymers are macro molecules built up by linking
together of large numbers of much smaller molecules.
 The process of linking the repeating units is called
Polymerizations

3. The small molecules which combine with each other to form
polymer molecules are called monomers.

4.  Addition or Chain Polymerization: When many
monomers undergo self combination resulting a substance
with a molecule. Or Addition polymers are those formed
from monomers without the loss of a small molecule
 Addition polymerization is initiated by small qty of
substance called Initiators.
 E.g.-Zeigler-Natta catalyst, potassium persulphate ,
dibenzoyl sulphate.
 Example; In the preparation of poly ethene from ethylene

5.  Free Radical Mechanism of chain reaction involves 3
stages namely
I. Initiation
II. Propagation
III.Termination
 Schematic Representation
 [ R* - Free radical]
 M* - Unsaturated Monomer]

6.  Generation of free radical :
 I 2R E.g. I CH2=CH2
 Initiation :
 R + M RM1
 Propagation:
 RM1 + M RM2 RM( x – 1 ) + M RMx
 RM2 + M RM3 RM( y – 1 ) + M RM y
 Termination :
 RM x + RM y RM x + y (COUPLING)
 RM x + RM y RM x + RM y

7. Condensation Polymerization: In condensation
polymerization there is elimination of by product
usually a water, ammonia and HCL.
 example; Phenol+ fermaldehyde +Phenol
Bakelite
 Note: [Bakelite is used to make cameras,electrial
boards, switches, radios and telephone component]
-H2O

9.  Application of polymers are include in space,
ocean, agriculture, electronics, medical and
automobiles.
 The polymer are also used to construct vehicle(space
craft) components such as body panel ,vision window,
adhesive, instrument parts etc
 Polymer used for these purposes are- PVC, SILICON,
EPOXY FIBERGLASS, NYLON etc. Due to light
weight and high strength, in comparison to other
materials like metal

10.  PVC is used for making sea water pipes, also fresh water.
 PMMA used as optical fiber for making optical glasses
which is used undersea.
 Neoprene is used in making life saving jacket which are
used in marinelife.
 Glass/epoxy composite are used for cargo line.
 Nylon and fiber reinforced polymers are used in propeller
forships.
 PMMA[
 was used as artificial teethfilling

11.  Polymer are widely used in structural components in automobiles
due to some advantages they offer, which are not found in other
material. These advantagesare following:
 Good specific strengtstiffness Part integration
 Easy of processing
 Low density
 Light
weight
Relatively
low cost
flexiblity

12. Thank You