GSMA & Open Learning Campus Capacity Building

1. GSMA & Open Learning Campus Course

2. Definition of Internet of things
 Internet of Things can be defined as “A global infrastructure for the
information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical
and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information
and communication” (ITU‐T). Brown, I (2015)

3. IoT Solutions in Agricultural Sector
 In agriculture, IoT technologies can be used to increase, protect, and
optimize crop production, as well as improve the storage and distribution of
food.
 They are used to gather and utilize local weather data, a critical aspect of
farming,
 Various information-based applications have been developed, including
greenhouse remote monitoring, automatic drip irrigation, and milk source
safety information management to enhance agricultural production.
 However it remains a major challenge in developing regions due to limited
coverage (Broadband Commission, 2016)

4. MooMonitor as IoT Solution & Benefits
• MooMonitor is a wireless sensor on collar that
allows a Farmer to detect individuals cows
coming on heat and potential health
problems.
• It monitors an animal on a daily basis and the
data gathered can be viewed on an App via
Cellphone, Tablet or PC
• The device uses movements generated by
remuneration and time spent resting as
indicator of health.
IoT Solution
• Rumination tells the Farmer how the cow is
feeling including adequate resting times
indicate the state of health
• If a cow spends more time lying on the ground
than normal or less time ruminating, an alert
will be transmitted to an App
Benefits

5. Technologies
Feature Requirements Comment
Network Area Wide The sensor send an SMS
alerting cellular number
when a cow is on heat
and potential health
threats by measuring
movements generated by
rumination.
Spectrum Dedicated/Shared This sensor is designed for
both indoors and outdoor
use. It is enabled to
utilize dedicated or
shared spectrum
Battery Long The battery lasts up to
ten (10) years and it is
designed for indoors and

6. Technologies
 Technologies Analysis
 LPWA
 2G Spectrum

7. Business Model
Business Model Revenue Device Ownership
Revenue Sharing Recurring IoT Company
Cost-Saving Sharing Recurring IoT Company
Product-Sharing Usage IoT Company
Product-As-A-Service Recurring IoT Company
Performance-As-A-Product Usage User
Transactional Upfront User

8. Business Model (Cont.)
 Product-As-A-Service Business Model:
 In terms of this business model the IoT Company will the rent the
MooMonitor+Wireless Sensor to the Farmer for terms agreed by the two
parties. In this model the agreement would entered be on a short term basis.
Fee rates should be determined which includes amongst others; the
maintenance, device, installation, connectivity, and ongoing support services.
 Transactional Business Model
 In this model the IoT Company will sell MooMonitor+Wireless Sensor for a fee
derived revenues by charging for installations, configurations, and customer
support services. Connectivity fees may be paid separately based on an
ongoing services.

9. Operational Issues & Policy Topics
Operational
Consideration
•Network Coverage
•Interference
•Theft of Sensors
Policy Areas
•Liabilities
•Legal Frameworks

10. Operational Issues & Policy Topics
 Operational Considerations
 Network Considerations
In terms of this model the MooMonitor+Wireless Sensor may fail to trigger the
alert on Rumination due to malfunctioning. As a result the farmer will be unable
to monitor cows health problem and rumination
 Interference
Since this business model is using unlicensed spectrum for connectivity purposes;
issues of interference will be experience by Wi-fi users adjacent to the farm
 Theft of Sensors
In case where the MooMonitor+Wireless Sensor is stolen the Farmer would be
unable to conduct normal business of farming.

11. Operational & Policy Topics
 Policy Areas
 Liability
 In the normal course of events Liability prevails when there are systems
failures. There is always predicaments especially in a situation wherein the
contracting parties (IoT company & Farmer) have not established and set out
the responsibility in the event of systems failures
 In the context of this model in the event where the solution fails i.e the
sensor fails to send an alert SMS during the Rumination whom should the
blame be placed:
 The IoT Company?
 Network Provider?
 The Farmer?

12. Operational & Policy Topics (Cont.)
 Policy Areas Cont.
 Legal Framework
 There is an overlapping regime in terms of Licensing and intellectual property
on the new products and, as a result therefore, there is a challenge of
property ownership between IoT Company & Farmers.
 It is often assumed that once a product is purchased the Farmer must
automatically acquire ownership and control of the property. Example,
farmers who are purchasing agricultural equipment are not allowed to
duplicate repairs or adjust the software in order to meet their own standards.
 It is a challenge in case of the breach of contract and other related issues. It
will be difficult for one of the parties to initiate a legal proceedings to seek
relief or recourse.

13. Conclusion
 The fast growing of technology demands that regulators to be same par to
effectively regulate and manage current developments in order to arrest
regulate future technologies
 It is quite arguable that the roll out of 5G is quite imminent and necessary
due to the expected growth of the number of devices that are expected to be
connected in the next five years.
 The minimum number expected is 26 billion whereas other researchers expect
the number to grow up to 38.5 billion.
 Network problems and lack of spectrum is the biggest obstacle for
deployment of these technologies in the African continent.

14. References
Brown, I, (2015). Regulation and the Internet of Things. GSR-2015 Discussion
Paper, Geneva, Switzerland: International Telecommunication Union (2015).
Accessed 31 July 2018. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-
D/Conferences/GSR/Documents/GSR2015/Discussion_papers_and_Presentations/
GSR_DiscussionPaper_IoT.pdf
ITU (2016). Harnessing the Internet of Things for Global Development.(Geneva,
Switzerland: International Telecommunication Union. Accessed 31 July 2018.
https://www.itu.int/en/action/broadband/Documents/Harnessing-IoT-Global-
Development.pdf
Farmer’s Weekly. (August 9, 2017). 4 useful phone apps and technology for herd,
Accessed 31 July 2018. https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/agri-
technology/farming-for-tomorrow/4-useful-phone-apps-technology-herd-
management/