Vivek report

Project Report On Paint Industry
Name-Vivek Shukla (Reg no:11616022)
Abstract— A Paints is any liquid liquifialbe
,mastic composition which after application to a
substrate in a thin layer is converted to anopaque
solid film. It is most commonly used to add color
and/or texture toobjects
Index Terms— Resin,TiO2,white lead, additives
………etc
1: - INTRODUCTION
Industry origin and growth: -
The earliest paint factory in India dates back
to 1902, when Shalimar Paints, Colour & Varnish
company
A Pinchin Johnson unit, was established at Cacutt
a. Growing industrialization, expansion of the
railways and introduction of electric power a couple of
years earlier had all kept business confidence soaring
high. However, this did not provide a ready and
expanding market for the nascent paint industry
then. Imports from Britain continued to swarm
the market and rawmaterials were not easy to
come by. The industry still consisting of one
lone unit went through arather prolonged period
of infancy, till the World War II brought in dramatic
opportunities. Withthe stoppage of imports owing
to war conditions, the domestic market at last
became almost theexclusive reserve of the
domestic industry. European manufacturers,
hitherto exporting to India, readily saw the
advantages of setting up manufacturing facilities
here. The period between thewars thus saw the
greatest ever influx of foreign paint companies
into India- Goodlass Wall (1918), Elephant
Oil Mills (1917) in Bombay, and British Paints, Jen
son & Nicholson andMacfarlances in Calcutta.
Macfarlanes was brought over by the Poddars
and became a completelyIndian company, while
the other three: Shalimar Paints (Pinchin
Johnson), British Paints andJenson Nicholson
continued as British operated units.While talking
about the post independent development of the
Paint industry in India,mention must be made of
Asian Paints, a completely Indian unit which
started on a very smallscale, grew so big and so
beyond recognition over the years that it is today
not only the largest unitin India but way ahead of
the second largest, Kansai (Goodlass) Nerolac
Paints Ltd., formerly aunit of Goodlass Wall
(UK).Besides Asian Paints, numerous factories,
wholly Indian in ownership and with rare
exceptions intechnology as well were set up
in Calcutta, Kanpur and Bombay. The British
units, though a few innumber, were technically
strong and financially sound and, with the active
support and patronageof the Government,
controlled a vastly higher share of the market.
The post independence periodwitnessed a steady
growth in the paint industry. From a mere Rs.200
million turnovers in 1950, the paint industry crossed
the Rs.14000 million marks in 1990-91.
But even in this period, paints were considered a
luxury item. Only people with high incomes
wereexpected to decorate their houses with the
use of paints. Paints, as a protective element,
weretotally unheard of. The industrial segment, which
was traditionally a low user of paints, vis-à
visits counterparts in the decorative segment, to
contribued to this notion. In line w i t h t h i s misc
onceived notion, the government drastically
increased duties on paints in the early
ninetieswith an aim to bolster exchequer revenues.
The result was obvious. This inevitably brought about
adownturn in the fortunes of the industry. The
products, which are highly price elastic, saw
a negative growth rate of 20 % in 1991-92. The next
year was also not good, registering a growth of only
2%, bringing it back to the 1990-91 level, thus
corroborating the fact that the industry neededlower
excise levels to grow. The industrial slowdown during
that periodalso did not help matters. In line with the
liberalized policies and the realization that paints are
not necessarily a luxury item, duties were
progressively reduced from 1993-94.This squared
growth as most companies passed on duty
reductions. Further, the entry of worldmajors in
the automobile and white goods market in India
since 1993 helped the market to expand. Demand
for auto paints shot up suddenly. Form a modest
8% growth rate in 1993-94, paintdemand touched
12% in 1995-96.
Rapid industrialization and improvements in the
infrastructure such as transport, energy andcom
munication during the last decade gave a further
fillip to the growth of the paint industry. Aided
by Government’s liberal policy of technology
import, the automotive and consumer
durablesegments expanded phenomenally, with a
flurry of foreign collaboration. Increased demand
for decorative, protective and functional coatings
was a natural fall out, which brought, in its stride,
ahost of indigenous developments as well as the
injection of new technology.
2- History
Paint has been used by mankind since its origin.
The evidence can be found in the
cave paintings. The Chinese are considered
to be the pioneers of manufacturing paints
thousands of years ago. In modern times paint
is made artificially and is used in many different
ways. There are
three basic things required to make paint.You nee
d apigment
to get the exact color you want·Binder to hold the
paint together · Thinner so that it can be applied e
asily.Types of PaintsThere are different
types of paints available today. Till

the 19th century the word paint was used to
describe oil-bound types only. The paints bound
with glue were called distemper. For farmhouses
and cottages an alternative was found and was
called lime wash or color wash. Different things
need different paints. The interior of the house is
painted by different type of paintthan the exterior
of the house. Automobiles use different type of
paint. The industrial paint is different than
marine paint. Now colors are made by using
different ingredients for specificsurfaces. For
example, enamel paint, when dries it becomes
especially hard and usually has glossy finish. The
term enamel paint today means hard surfaced
paint and usually it is used in reference to
paintfloor coatings of a gloss finish or spray
paints. It can be used for concrete, stairs, porches
and patios. Fast dry enamel is ideal for
refrigerators, counters and other industrial
finishes. High-tempenamel may be used for
engines, brakes and exhaust. Enamel is also used
on wood to make itwater resistant. The Indian
Paint IndustryIn India, Indian Paint industry’s
total market size is US$1400 million. The
organized sector of the industry is 55%. The 45%
unorganized sector has about 2500units.
The big players and their market share-value of t
he organized sector are· Asian
Paints 37% ·Goodlass Nerolac 15.9% · Beger Paint
s 13.8% · ICI 11% · Jenson & Nicholson 5.7% ·Shal
imar 4% · Others 12%The market segment is divi
ded into two sectors.
· Architectural70%· Industrial 30%The total volu
me of the market is 600,000 MT.
3: - Description of the Paint Industry
Products of the surface-coating (paints) are essential for
the preservation of all types of architectural structures,
including factories, from ordinary attacks of weather.
Uncoated wood and metal are particularly susceptible to
deterioration, especially in cities where sootand sulfur
dioxide accelerate such action. Aside from their
purely protective action, paints, varnishes, and lacquers
increase theattractiveness of manufactured goods, as well
as the aesthetic appeal of a community of homes and their
interiors. Coatings that are used tocover building,
furniture, and the like are referred to as trade sales
or architecture coatings in contrast to industrial coatings
which are usedon materials being manufactured.
Industrial finishes are applied to awide variety of
materials, such as metal, textiles, rubber, paper,
and plastics, as well as wood. Architectural coatings are
usually applied towood, gypsum wall-board, or plaster
surfaces. The paints industry is a branch of the chemical
industries sector.Surface coating (paints) have been
divided into:
•
Solvent-based paints
•
Water-based paints
•
Varnishes; clear coatings.
•
Printing inks.
•
Resins (for paints and varnishes manufacture).
Therefore, there are different production lines,
plants can have as fewas one or two production
lines or all of them. Service units (utilities)
provide water and energy requirements as wellas
maintenance, storage, packaging, testing, and
analysis needs. The batch process is common in
paints industry, old plants use openequipment,
while modern plants use the closed one.
Equipmentcleaning is necessary, and required
between batches
4 : - Raw Materials and Utilities
Main Raw Materials
Liquid paints is a composite of a finely divided
pigment dispersed in aliquid composed of a resin
or binder and a volatile solvent. Therefore, paints
are manufactured from three main constituents;
pigments, binders, and solvents (thinners), in
addition to many other additives togive the
paints specific properties for specific purposes or
applications. The liquid portion of the paints is
known as the vehicle. Vehicles arecomposed of
nonvolatile and volatile parts:
Nonvolatile;
Solventbased paints: oils and/ or resins plus drie
rs and additives.
Laquers: celluloses, resins, plasticizers, and
additive
Water-based paints: styrenebutadiene, polyvinyl
acetate, acrylic, other polymers plusadditives.
•Volatile: -
Ketones, esters, alcohol, aromatics, and aliphatics. The
pigment is one of the main and important constituent of
the paint. In general, pigments should be opaque to ensure
good covering power and chemically inert to secure
stability, hence long life. Pigmentsshould be nontoxic, or
at least of very low toxicity, to both the painter and the
inhabitants. Finally, pigments must be wet by the film-
formingconstituents and be of low cost. Different
pigments possess differentcovering power per unit weight.
Table (1) shows the different paintsconstituents
. Table (1) Paints Constituents
Constituent Fuction
Main constituents
Pigments are usually:
An inorganicsubstance,
such astitanium dioxide,
chrome pigment, earths,
lead pigments,
zinc pigments.
A pure, insolubleorganic
dyeknown as a toner.
An organic
dye precipitated on
aninorganic carrier such
as aluminumhydroxide,
The function of pigments
and fillers isto provide
simply a colored
surface, pleasing for its
aesthetic appeal.
Thesolid particles in
paint reflect lightrays,
and thus help to prolong
the lifeof the paints, and
protect metals from
corrosion

bariumsulfate or clay.
Binders or vehicles.
Those are resins or oils
Its function is binding
the pigment tothe
substrate.
Thinners andsolvents;
such as petroleum
ether, toluene, xylene
It is the volatile part of
the vehicle. Itsfunction is
to dissolve the binders,
adjust the paint viscosity,
and givehomogeneous,
regular, and
uniformthickness on the
coated surface.
Fillers; such as clay,
talc, gypsum,
andcalcium carbonate.
Pigment extender, or
fillers, reduce the paint
cost and control
therheorological
properties (viscosity)
of paints.
Paint Formulations
Proper paint formulations depend upon raw
materials selection andaccurate calculation of the
amounts of its constituents. Generally, paintis a
blend, in which pigments and fillers are
suspended in a liquid. The paint formulations are
related to their applications. Generally, paints
areused to hide the original surface, providing a
certain color, resisting theweathering conditions,
washability, gloss, and protecting surface
fromcorrosion. The selection of pigments, fillers,
and carrying liquids(vehicles) is necessary for a
proper paint. In general, pigments should be
opaque to ensure good covering power, and
chemically inert tosecure stability, and non-
toxicity. To predict some properties of paintssuch
as ease of painting, gloss, washability for a certain
formulation, the pigment volume concentration
(PVC) in paint is used as indicator.
Volume of pigmen in paint
Pigment volume concentration (PVC) =
(Volume of
pigment in paint + volume of nonvolatile vehicle
constituents in paint)
indicator values for pigment volume
concentration in paints, is shown in table (2).
Table (2) Pigments Volume Concentration
(PVC)
Paints Type Indicator value
s
Matts Paints 50-75%
Semigloss Paints 35-45%
Gloss Paints 25-35%
Exterior
household Paints
27-36%
Metal Primers 25-40%
Wood Primers 35-40%
5:- Other Raw Material
Chemical: - are consumed at the facility for
purposes.
Chemicals used are organic solvents (ether,
chloroform, ketones, esters, xylene, toluene, hexane,
ethyl and methyl alcohol’s), acids (acetic, boric,
oxalic, benzoic, hydrochloric, sulfuric), alkalis
(sodium, potassium andammonium hydroxides),
potassium chloride, sodium sulfate,
sodiumthiosulphate potassium iodide. These
chemicals are used in the production processes, and
in the quality control laboratories for raw materials
and product.
•
Biocides and antifouling agents are used in the
manufacture of the antifoulingand wood preservatives
paints, and they are also used in the manufactureof
water-based paints to prolong their life time.
•
Water-alkali solutions, and solvents for equipment
cleaning and washing, between batches.
•
Detergents and antiseptics for floor cleaning.
Lube oil: - is used in the garage and workshops.
Packaging materials: - different types of packaging
materials are used (aluminum foil, metallic and plastic
containers, tin sheets, and cartons).
6 . Utilities: -
Steam is generated in boilers that use either Mazot
(fuel oil), solar (gas oil) or natural gas as fuel. Steam is
used for providing heatrequirements and in some large
facilities for electric power generations.
Water is used as process water, as rinse water for
equipment and floor, as boiler feed water, as cooling
water and for domestic purposes. Boiler feed water is
pretreated in softeners to prevent scale formation.
Water may be supplied from public water lines, wells
or canals. Thetype of water supply will dictate the type
of pretreatment.
Note: Defining the inputs and outputs helps to predict the
expected pollutants.
7 . E q u i m e n t u s e d i n Pa i n t
1 . Mixers
Mixers are used to achieve homogeneity between
differentcomponents, specially in the production of
varnishes or water-based paints. Mixers are used in the
following operations:
•
Mixing oils or resins.
•
Mixing pigments and fillers with coating materials.
•
Decreasing the viscosity of resins, and varnishes

•
Mixing additives with paints or varnishes.
•
Adding solvents or diluting agents (thinner) to paints,
to adjust theviscosity.
•
Preparing emulsion (water-based) Paints.There are
many types of mixers used in paint industry, they differ
intheir suitability for different applications. Choice of
mixer typedepends on the following:
•
Viscosity: mixers types used in preparing pastes differ from
thoseused in the production of low viscosity paints.
•
Density difference between components: achieving the
desiredhomogeneity depends on the type of
impeller, blades design, mixing speed, and inclination
of impeller axis with respect tomixing tank axis.
•
Solid particle size : Some components, such as
pigmentsagglomerates, have relatively large particle size
compared to other components. Also, volatility of
solvents affects the design of mixers and the need for
cooling. The following are different types of mixers:
•
Manual mixers.
•
Automatic mixers.
•
Kneaders.
•
Colloid mills.
•
Rotary churns.
•
Mixing by air streams. Figures (1-14) shows the types
of impellers or mixers used in paintsindustry. The
mixers usually consist of mixing tank, usually vertical,
and one or more impeller(s) driven by electrical motor,
the mixing tank may alsohave vertical baffles. The
impeller consists of a shaft assembled withone or more
mixing blades propellers. Propellers can be divided
intotwo main types, axial and radial flow propellers.
Figures (1-6) show axial flow propellers, the type
shown in Figure (1) is considered the most common
type in paints industry. The impeller infigure (4) is
fixed in the wall of mixing tank with suitable
inclination, itcan be also fixed vertically at the axis of
mixing tank using vertical baffles. Such impellers
rotate at speeds between 1150-1750 rpm. Thevertical
type shown in Figure (5) usually rotate at speeds
between 350-420 rpm via gearbox and it is used in
preparing colloids. The inclinedhigh-speed type is used
for the preparation of emulsions. The typeshown in
Figure (6), which fixed in the side of mixing tank, is
used inmixing solid particles free liquids.
Figures (7- 10) show radial flow propellers, which
have blades parallelto propeller shaft axis. Turbine
propellers in figures (7, 8) rotate themixing tank
contents in circular motion in both vertical and
axialdirections. The diameter of paddle propellers
shown in Figure (9), reaches 60% of mixing tank
diameter and rotates with relatively lowspeeds. Figures
(11 and 12) show paddle stirrers, which are used in
mixinghigh viscosity liquids or pastes, whereas
Figure (13) shows anchor stirrers which are used for
very high viscosity liquids or pastes. Thistype has a
small clearance between the mixing propeller and
mixingtank walls. Figure (14) shows the multiple vane
stirrer, and figures (15and 16) the motion of the
inclined propellers. Figures (17) shows kneaders used
in the production of putties. Thekneader consists of a
separate tank which can be fixed in the mixer
or transferred with its contents to the packing unit.
This system helps inweighing the tank content before
mixing and to clean the mixing vesselin the cleaning
unit. In this system the mixers can be elevated
verticallyor laterally as shown in Figure (18). Figure
(19) shows a horizontal kneader consisting of a U-
shaped vesselin which two mixers with special shape
rotate in different directionswith small clearance
between them. There are other types of kneaderswhich
can be heated by steam or cooled by water in order to
control theviscosity of the mixture.
2.Mills
Paints industry uses different types of mills such as
roller mills or ballmills, etc. Figure (20) shows three-
roller mills in which each roller rotates in the opposite
direction of the others and with different speedswith
ratio 1:3:9. The clearance between each two rollers
must becontrolled accurately to maintain the desired
finesse of dyes. This typeof mills leads to the desired
homogeneity as the dye is dispersed into its particles.
This type of mills is open and therefore cannot be used
ingrinding of paints which contain high
volatility solvents as solventemissions to the
atmosphere could occur. Another type of mills is the
ball mills. This type consists of a cylinder rotating
about its horizontal axis and containing the grinding
ballswhich may be made of steel or pebbles. If steel
balls are used thecylinder lining will be also made of
steel and is used only with dark color paints. But if the
balls are made of pebbles or ceramics thecylinder
lining will be made of ceramic or silica and can be
used withwhite or light color. The grinding efficiency
and fineness of particledepend on the dimensions of
the cylinder, speed of rotation, balls sizeand balls
density. In some mills the length of the cylinder is
equal to itsdiameter, but to maintain higher degree of
fineness mills with a lengthlarger than diameter are
used. There are other types in which the
grinding operation is made in steps inside the
mill, as the cylinder isseparated into sections with
screens with suitable sizes separating thesections.
The initial grinding is done in the first section and
the finalgrinding is done in the final section. In
some types of theses mills barsare used instead of
balls in order to obtain particles with
slightlydifferent sizes. This type of mills is
suitable for dry grinding or grinding of colloidal

particles. The roller mill and ball mill are used in
small factories. Presently, themost common used
mills, in large modern factories, are sand mills
(vertical or horizontal) and dyno mills.
3.Filters
During the manufacturing steps in paints or
varnishes industry or during the oil heating
process the liquids are contaminated by
foreignmatters that fall into them. Moreover the
paint may contain particlesthat were not ground
to the required size or some polymers that
didn’tdissolve. Some surface hardness may also
exist. For all the previousreasons, paints and
varnished liquids must be purified by one of
thefollowing methods:
•
Single cylinder mill: It can work as a screen as all
large pigments particles and foreign particles will
be separated in the mill hopper.
•
Fine screens.
•
Filter press.
•
Centrifugal separator for varnishes purification.
•
Settling for varnishes purification.
4.Packing machines
The packing may be manual, semi-automatic, or
automatic accordingto the size of production. There
is a number of packing machinesdiffering in speed
and packs handling.
Table (4) presents the various production lines and
service units that could be present in a facility.
Note: Knowledge of the processes involved in each production
line and serviceunit allows the prediction of pollution hazards and
expected violations and helps determine possibilities for
implementingcleanertechnology.
Table (4) Production lines and service units in
Paints industry
Production
line
System units
Water-based
paintsSolvent-
based
(household)
paintsSolvent-
based
(industrial)
paints
Printing inks
production
line Varnishes
production
Heating
furnaces
(Dow-therm
oilheater)
Cooling
towers
Solvent
recovery
unit
Compressors
Boilers
Generators
line Resins
production
line
Laboratories
Mechanical
& electrical
workshops
Garage
Storage
facilities
Wastewater
Treatment
Plant
Restaurant
and Housing
complex.
Large plants use huge number of raw materials and

chemicals and produce a multitude product for
different applications. Paints industryis
characterized by batch processing, which helps
adjust the color and properties of paints. The unit
operations used for paints manufacture are shown
in Figure (21). These unit operations are mainly
physical (mixing, grinding, filtration and
packaging).
Chemical conversions are involved in the
manufacture of theconstituents of paints as well as
in the drying of the film on thesubstrate.
These constituents are either exported
or purchased fromanother chemicals production
plant, therefore, the chemical processesinvolved
in the production of these constituents will not be
addressedin this manual. The manufacture
procedures illustrated in Fig. (21) are for a
mass- production of paints. The weighing,
assembling, and mixing of the pigments and
vehicles take place on the top floor. The mixer
may besimilar to a large dough kneader with
sigma blades. The batch massesare conveyed to
the next operation, where grinding and further
mixingtake place. A variety of grinding mills may
be used. One of the oldestmethods is grinding, or
dispersion, between two buhrstones;
however, ball-and-pebble mills and steel roller
mills were the principal grinding mills used until
recently. Sand mills, high-speed agitators, and
high-speed stone mills are being used
increasingly to grind paints andenamels. The
types of pigments and vehicles are dominant
factors in the choiceof the equipment used.
The mixing and grinding of pigments in
oilrequire skill and experience to secure a smooth
product. After mixing, the paint is transferred to
the next operation, where it isthinned and tinted
in agitated tanks, which may hold batches of
severalthousand liters. The liquid paint is
strained into a transfer tank or directly into the
hopper of the filling machine. Centrifuges,
screens, or pressure filters are used to remove
nondispersed pigments. The paint is poured into
cans or drums, labeled, packed, and moved to
storage, eachstep being completely automatic
Fig.(21) Flowchart of Paints Manufacturing Steps
Production of solvent-based (household/
industrial) Paints
The solvent-based paints differ according to their
applications and thereforethe raw materials and
additives (adhesives, driers, heat resisting agents,
…)used in their production. They
include industrial and household paints.
Theindustrial paints are used for industrial
purposes such as motor vehicle, washing
machine, and pipelines painting operations. The
household paints areused to cover buildings and
furniture. Figures (22, 23) present the
main operations in the solvent-based
household/industrial paints production lines, the
input to the units and the pollutionsources.
Mixing
Alkyd resins or vegetable oils (boiled linseedoil),
fatty acids, pigments (titanium dioxide),fillers
(talc, and calcium carbonate), and plasticizers are
weighed, and fed automaticallyto the mechanical
mixers.
Grinding
After mixing, the mixture (batch) is transferredto
the mills for further mixing, grinding,
andhomogenizing. The type of used mill is
relatedto the type of pigments, vehicles,
and fillers.
Intermediate storage
In some plants, after grinding, the batch
istransferred to an intermediate storage
tank, because the batch may need further
grinding toobtain the required degree of
homogeneity.
Thinni ng/ dilution
The batch is then transferred from
theintermediate storage tank to a mixer
for thinning and dilution, where solvents, and
other additives are added.
Filtration and finishing
After thinning, the batch is filtered in a filter,
toremove nondispersed pigments and
anyentrained solids. Metal salts are
added toenhance drying (cobalt, lead, zirconium).
Packagi ng and storage
The paint is poured into cans or drums,
labeled, packed, and moved to storage, each step
beingcompletely automatic.
Figure (22) Solvent-based (household)
Paints Production

* Work place pollution parameters are
VOCs, particulates, and noise.
** Spills or leaks could occur through the whole
process, and may contaminate the water
if discharged to the sewer
.*** Chemicals empty containers are generated,
and considered hazardous. Those hazardoussolid
waste should be safely disposed into a landfill.
figure (23) Solvent-based (Industrial)
Paints Production Line
* Work place pollution parameters are
VOCS, particulates, and noise.
** Spills or leaks could occur through the whole
process, and may contaminate the water
if discharged to the sewer.
*** Chemicals empty containers are generated,
and considered hazardous. Those hazardoussolid
waste should be safely disposed into a landfill.
Major firms in an industry: -
The Indian Paint Industry
In India, Indian Paint industry’s total market size is
US$1400 million. The organized sector of the industry is
55%. The 45% unorganized sector has about 2500 units.
The big players and their market share-value of the
organized sector are
•
Asian Paints 37%
•
Goodlass Nerolac 15.9%
•
Berger Paints 13.8%
•
ICI 11%
•
Jenson & Nicholson 5.7%
•
Shalimar 4%
•
Others 12%The market segment is divided into
two sectors.
•
Architectural 70%
•
Industrial 30%The total volume of the market is
600,000MT
Firmsorcompanystrategies:-MARKETSHARE
The overall organized sector market share is shown in the
following graph. Asian Paints leads witha market share of
37 per cent; Goodlass Nerolac has 16 per cent while
Berger Paints has 14 per cent share.
Asian Pain37%GoodlassNerolac, 15.9%Berger
paints,13.8%ICI, 11%Jenson andicholson, 5.7%Shalimar,
4%Others,12%
FIGURE4.1
The leader in the high volume medium and mass
segments of decorative paints, Asian Paints has been
consolidating its market leadership over the last six
years and now has the biggest slice of 37 per cent of
the market for decorative paints in the organized sector
as shown in on the next page. Trailing behind are
Goodlass Nerolac and Berger Paints with market
shares of 13 per cent and 11 per cent respectively.
Other major players from the organized sector include
Jenson & Nicholsonwith a low 6 per cent and ICI with
8 per cent. With the exception of Asian Paints,
the marketshares of most of the major players have
been stagnating over the last few years. This

was primarily due to extensive focus on urban markets
and neglecting the high-potential semi urbanand rural
markets. On the other hand, one of the earliest entrants
to take a lead, Goodlass Nerolacdominates the market
for industrial paints with an impressive share of 43 per
cent of the market asshown in the following graph.
Though other players trail behind Goodlass Nerolac by
a widemargin, competition in industrial paints is
increasing. While Asian Paints and Berger have
amarket share of 14 per cent each, ICI’s share is lower
at 8 per cent
I.ASIANPAINTS:-
Asian Paints is India's largest paint company and
the third largest paint company in Asia today,
with a turnover of Rs 30.2 billion (around USD
680 million). The company has an
enviablereputation in the corporate world for
professionalism, fast track growth, and building
shareholder equity. Asian Paints operates in 21
countries and has 29 paint manufacturing
facilities in the worldservicing consumers in over
65 countries. Asian Paints is a great marketing
success in a branded consumer product business.
The companysucceeded where others failed in
three areas: First, it understood the requirements
of the Indian paints market better than the MNCs
which didnot bother to respond to local consumer
needs. It was the first to introduce small
pack sizes, avariety of shades and a wide range of
paint types (enamels, distempers, emulsions) to
suit different pockets.
Thus, in the sixties, the company came out with
plaster distemper, Tractor, to suit the needs of
themass market for a product that was
much cheaper than costly emulsions but
much better than thewidely used whitewash and
crude powder distempers. This opened up a huge
market and todaydistemper accounts for 25% of
the decoratives market in volumes and 15% in
value. And asrecently as in 1992, the company
introduced a synthetic distemper, branded Utsav,
aimed at thesame rural and low income urban
markets. Secondly, in the highly competitive
market emulsions segment, the company
introduced as manyas 151 shades in its Apcolite
range when the competition was offering a
maximum of 40 oddshades. The strategy paid off
and Asian Paints today commands a 40% share
in this segment. It setup an extensive national
distribution network to tap demand in smaller
towns. Today it has directdealers in 3,200 towns
and 10,000 stockists. Investments were also made
in computer technologyto ensure up-to-date
information interface between the marketing and
production sides of the business. And finally, the
company has displayed considerable savvy in its
advertising campaigns, dealer relations, point of
sale publicity and product demonstrations to
consolidate and expand markets. Infact, the
company has played a pioneering role in
expanding the Indian paints market byidentifying
high demand potential areas and then tapping
them to maximum effect. This ratio is defined as
profit after tax divided by the shareholders fund.
It measures the profitability of the funds invested
in the firm. It is regarded as a very important
measure because itreflects the productivity of the
risk capital employed in the firm. This ratio
measures sales per rupee of Investment in
fixed assets. It measures theefficiency with which
the Fixed Assets are employed- a high ratio
indicates a high degree of efficiency in asset
utilization and a low ratio indicates inefficient
use of assets. It can be seen formthe graph that
this ratio is increasing for Asian Paints indicating
good asset management.
Prominent Destinations to source Indian Paint
Products
Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Coimbatore, New Delhi,
Surat, Chennai, Delhi, Jaipur, Bangalore, Kolkata,
Karur, Tirupur, Ludhiana, Bhilwara, Erode,
Jodhpur, Rajkot, Noida, Panipat, Amritsar,
Vadodara, Kanpur, Madurai, Gurgaon, Hyderabad,
NaviMumbai, Tiruppur, Thane, Shanghai, Pune,
Karachi, , Faridabad, Indore, Ghaziabad,Varanasi,
Faisalabad, Cochin-Alappuzha
Conclusions
Paint is any liquid, liquefiable,
or mastic composition that, after application to
a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film.
It is most commonly used to protect, color, or
provide texture to objects. Paint can be made or
purchased in many colors—and in many different
types, such as watercolor, synthetic, etc. Paint is
typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but
most types dry into a solid. Paint can be applied
as a solid, a gaseous suspension (aerosol) or a
liquid. Techniques vary depending on the
practical or artistic results desired.
As a solid (usually used in industrial and
automotive applications), the paint is applied as a
very fine powder, then baked at high
temperature. This melts the powder and causes it
to adhere to the surface. The reasons for doing
this involve the chemistries of the paint, the
surface itself, and perhaps even the chemistry of
the substrate (the object being painted). This is
called "powder coating" an object.
As a gas or as a gaseous suspension, the paint is
suspended in solid or liquid form in a gas that
is sprayed on an object. The paint sticks to the
object. This is called "spray painting" an object.
The reasons for doing this include:
The application mechanism is air and thus no
solid object touches the object being painted;
The distribution of the paint is uniform, so there
are no sharp lines;
It is possible to deliver very small amounts of

paint;
A chemical (typically a solvent) can be sprayed
along with the paint to dissolve together both the
delivered paint and the chemicals on the surface
of the object being painted;
Some chemical reactions in paint involve the
orientation of the paint molecules.
In the liquid application, paint can be applied by
direct application using brushes, paint
rollers, blades, scrapers, other instruments, or
body parts such as fingers and thumbs.
Rollers generally have a handle that allows for
different lengths of poles to be attached, allowing
painting at different heights. Generally, roller
application requires two coats for even color. A
roller with a thicker nap is used to apply paint on
uneven surfaces. Edges are often finished with an
angled brush.
Using the finish flat one would most likely use a
1/2" nap roller
Using the finish egg shell, one would most likely
use a 3/8" nap roller
Using the finish satin or pearl one would most
likely use a 3/8" nap roller
• Using the finish semi-gloss or gloss one
would most likely use a 3/16" nap roller.
Refrence: -
1.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/104377301/Technolo
gy-of-Paints-amp-Coatings-With-Formulations
2.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/6842234/IMPORTAN
T-PAINT-MANUFACTURING-PROCESSES
End.

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