Transient thermal study of PCBs where IC chips experience internal heat generation

1. Project
First Saved Monday, October 17, 2016
Last Saved Tuesday, October 18, 2016
Product Version 16.0 Release
Save Project Before Solution No
Save Project After Solution No

2. Contents
 Units
 Model (A4, B4)
o Geometry
 Parts
o Coordinate Systems
o Connections
 Contacts
 Contact Regions
o Mesh
 Mesh Controls
o Steady-State Thermal (A5)
 Initial Temperature
 Analysis Settings
 Loads
 Solution (A6)
 Solution Information
 Temperature
o Transient Thermal (B5)
 Initial Temperature
 Analysis Settings
 Loads
 Solution (B6)
 Solution Information
 Result Charts
 Temperature
 Probes
o Chart
 Material Data
o Structural Steel
Units
TABLE 1
Unit System Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA) Degrees RPM Celsius
Angle Degrees
Rotational Velocity RPM
Temperature Celsius
Model (A4, B4)
Geometry
TABLE 2
Model (A4, B4) > Geometry
Object Name Geometry
State Fully Defined

3. Definition
Source D:New folderBoardWithChips.x_t
Type Parasolid
Length Unit Meters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Color
Bounding Box
Length X 127. mm
Length Y 139.7 mm
Length Z 21.575 mm
Properties
Volume 36854 mm³
Mass 0.2893 kg
Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
Bodies 16
Active Bodies 16
Nodes 114255
Elements 23251
Mesh Metric Orthogonal Quality
Min 9.32230377916565E-04
Max 0.999998623590636
Average 0.83688009610672
Standard Deviation 0.271302410894332
Basic Geometry Options
Solid Bodies Yes
Surface Bodies Yes
Line Bodies No
Parameters Yes
Parameter Key DS
Attributes No
Named Selections No
Material Properties No
Advanced Geometry Options
Use Associativity Yes
Coordinate Systems No
Reader Mode Saves Updated File No
Use Instances Yes
Smart CAD Update No
Compare Parts On Update No
Attach File Via Temp File Yes
Temporary Directory C:UsersVishnu RajaranganAppDataLocalTemp
Analysis Type 3-D
Mixed Import Resolution None
Decompose Disjoint Geometry Yes
Enclosure and Symmetry Processing Yes
TABLE 3
Model (A4, B4) > Geometry > Parts

4. Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8
Meshed
Graphics Properties
Yes
1
Definition
No
Flexible
Default Coordinate System
By Environment
Material
Structural Steel
Yes
Yes
Bounding Box
12.8 mm 10.3 mm 17.9 mm 10.3 mm
10.3 mm 17.9 mm 10.3 mm 17.9 mm
2.5 mm
Properties
329.6 mm³ 460.92 mm³ 460.93 mm³
2.5874e-003 kg 3.6183e-003 kg 5.2987e-003 kg 5.
-37.3 mm -18.85 mm 4.25 mm -41.85 mm 23.5 mm 6.5 mm
30.45 mm 77.25 mm 121.45 mm 58.25 mm 55.2 mm 72.2 mm
2.75 mm
4222e-002 kg·mm² 9.8495e-002 kg·mm² 3.3873e-002 kg·mm²
9.8495e-002
kg·mm²
5.30
6674e-002 kg·mm² 3.3873e-002 kg·mm² 9.8495e-002 kg·mm²
3.3873e-002
kg·mm²
0.
5.82e-002 kg·mm² 0.1286 kg·mm² 0.
Statistics
3004 3959 3970
540 720 734
Orthogonal Quality
970849130831674 0.989850694445952 0.980613867710411 0.1864712636707 0.988107731429916 0.988299455525975
999993227485886 0.99998788929953 0.999988628618795 0.999991971545753 0.999995072773296
0.99623685625646 0.998586407535275 0.997578138993418 0.97690871065715 0.998679544563281 0.998677924087007
33182870578694E-
03
1.66628511351458E-
03
3.43467418812292E-
03
0.108157206063575
1.82042831254901E-
03
1.84447852266113E-
03
1.84
TABLE 4
Model (A4, B4) > Geometry > Parts
Object Name Part 12 Part 13 Part 14 Part 15 Part 16
State Meshed

5. Graphics Properties
Visible Yes
Transparency 1
Definition
Suppressed No
Stiffness
Behavior
Flexible
Coordinate
System
Default Coordinate System
Reference
Temperature
By Environment
Material
Assignment Structural Steel
Nonlinear
Effects
Yes
Thermal
Strain Effects
Yes
Bounding Box
Length X 10. mm 18. mm 17.9 mm 8.8 mm 1.65 mm
Length Y 15. mm 24. mm 10.3 mm 8.8 mm 21.33 mm
Length Z 4.5 mm 2.7 mm 2.5 mm 13.5 mm 20. mm
Properties
Volume 675. mm³ 1166.4 mm³ 460.93 mm³ 821.09 mm³ 96.478 mm³
Mass 5.2988e-003 kg 9.1562e-003 kg 3.6183e-003 kg 6.4455e-003 kg 7.5735e-004 kg
Centroid X 47. mm -39.5 mm 9.25 mm 22.9 mm 33.325 mm
Centroid Y 126.7 mm 108.2 mm 34.45 mm 106.2 mm 102.33 mm
Centroid Z 3.75 mm 2.85 mm 2.75 mm 8.25 mm 14.494 mm
Moment of
Inertia Ip1
0.10829 kg·mm² 0.44506 kg·mm² 3.3873e-002 kg·mm² 0.12727 kg·mm² 9.2129e-002 kg·mm²
Moment of
Inertia Ip2
5.3098e-002 kg·mm² 0.25278 kg·mm² 9.8495e-002 kg·mm² 0.12727 kg·mm² 3.2178e-002 kg·mm²
Moment of
Inertia Ip3
0.14351 kg·mm² 0.68672 kg·mm² 0.1286 kg·mm² 6.0982e-002 kg·mm² 6.0294e-002 kg·mm²
Statistics
Nodes 5196 8624 3959 12560 2287
Elements 1020 1620 720 3472 480
Mesh Metric Orthogonal Quality
Min 0.988151844449603 0.988072004284191 0.980607888219589
6.21157787634363E-
03
1.52056955427256E-
02
Max 0.999995236581654 0.999998623590636 0.999988060966497 0.999172767557244 0.999882651800136
Average 0.998693191422299 0.998767974088609 0.997560997774408 0.678515338021361 0.569859876290721
Standard
Deviation
1.80627075105051E-
03
1.95060367273235E-
03
3.42775346502052E-
03
0.321642507691442 0.311330484608183
Coordinate Systems
TABLE 5
Model (A4, B4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System
Object Name Global Coordinate System
State Fully Defined

6. Definition
Type Cartesian
Coordinate System ID 0.
Origin
Origin X 0. mm
Origin Y 0. mm
Origin Z 0. mm
Directional Vectors
X Axis Data [ 1. 0. 0. ]
Y Axis Data [ 0. 1. 0. ]
Z Axis Data [ 0. 0. 1. ]
Connections
TABLE 6
Model (A4, B4) > Connections
Object Name Connections
State Fully Defined
Auto Detection
Generate Automatic Connection On Refresh Yes
Transparency
Enabled Yes
TABLE 7
Model (A4, B4) > Connections > Contacts
Object Name Contacts
State Fully Defined
Definition
Connection Type Contact
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Auto Detection
Tolerance Type Slider
Tolerance Slider 0.
Tolerance Value 0.47507 mm
Use Range No
Face/Face Yes
Face/Edge No
Edge/Edge No
Priority Include All
Group By Bodies
Search Across Bodies
Statistics
Connections 15
Active Connections 15
TABLE 8
Model (A4, B4) > Connections > Contacts > Contact Regions

7. Object Name
Contact
Region
Contact
Region
2
Contact
Region
3
Contact
Region
4
Contact
Region
5
Contact
Region
6
Contact
Region
7
Contact
Region
8
Contact
Region
9
Contact
Region
10
Contact
Region
11
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping
Method
Geometry Selection
Contact 1 Face
Target 1 Face
Contact
Bodies
Part 1 Part 2
Target
Bodies
Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8 Part 9 Part 10 Part 11 Part 12
Definition
Type Bonded
Scope Mode Automatic
Behavior Program Controlled
Trim Contact Program Controlled
Trim
Tolerance
0.47507 mm
Suppressed No
Advanced
Formulation Program Controlled
Detection
Method
Program Controlled
Elastic Slip
Tolerance
Program Controlled
Thermal
Conductance
Program Controlled
Pinball
Region
Program Controlled
Geometric Modification
Contact
Geometry
Correction
None
Target
Geometry
Correction
None
TABLE 9
Model (A4, B4) > Connections > Contacts > Contact Regions
Object Name
Contact Region
12
Contact Region
13
Contact Region
14
Contact Region
15
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Contact 1 Face
Target 1 Face 2 Faces
Contact Bodies Part 2
Target Bodies Part 13 Part 14 Part 15 Part 16

8. Definition
Type Bonded
Scope Mode Automatic
Behavior Program Controlled
Trim Contact Program Controlled
Trim Tolerance 0.47507 mm
Suppressed No
Advanced
Formulation Program Controlled
Detection Method Program Controlled
Elastic Slip Tolerance Program Controlled
Thermal Conductance Program Controlled
Pinball Region Program Controlled
Geometric Modification
Contact Geometry
Correction
None
Target Geometry Correction None
Mesh
TABLE 10
Model (A4, B4) > Mesh
Object Name Mesh
State Solved
Display
Display Style Body Color
Defaults
Physics Preference Mechanical
Relevance 0
Sizing
Use Advanced Size Function Off
Relevance Center Coarse
Element Size Default
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Medium
Transition Fast
Span Angle Center Coarse
Minimum Edge Length 0.78540 mm
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation None
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
Transition Ratio 0.272
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No
Patch Conforming Options
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled

9. Patch Independent Options
Topology Checking No
Advanced
Number of CPUs for Parallel Part Meshing Program Controlled
Shape Checking Standard Mechanical
Element Midside Nodes Program Controlled
Straight Sided Elements No
Number of Retries Default (4)
Extra Retries For Assembly Yes
Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Mesh Morphing Disabled
Defeaturing
Pinch Tolerance Please Define
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
Automatic Mesh Based Defeaturing On
Defeaturing Tolerance Default
Statistics
Nodes 114255
Elements 23251
Mesh Metric Orthogonal Quality
Min 9.3223e-004
Max 1.
Average 0.83688
Standard Deviation 0.2713
TABLE 11
Model (A4, B4) > Mesh > Mesh Controls
Object Name Hex Dominant Method Body Sizing Body Sizing 2
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 16 Bodies 15 Bodies 1 Body
Definition
Suppressed No
Method Hex Dominant
Element Midside Nodes Use Global Setting
Free Face Mesh Type All Quad
Control Messages Yes, Click To Display...
Type Element Size
Element Size 0.9 mm 2. mm
Behavior Soft
Steady-State Thermal (A5)
TABLE 12
Model (A4, B4) > Analysis
Object Name Steady-State Thermal (A5)
State Solved

10. Definition
Physics Type Thermal
Analysis Type Steady-State
Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Options
Generate Input Only No
TABLE 13
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Initial Condition
Object Name Initial Temperature
State Fully Defined
Definition
Initial Temperature Uniform Temperature
Initial Temperature Value 22. °C
TABLE 14
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Analysis Settings
Object Name Analysis Settings
State Fully Defined
Step Controls
Number Of Steps 1.
Current Step Number 1.
Step End Time 1. s
Auto Time Stepping Program Controlled
Solver Controls
Solver Type Program Controlled
Solver Pivot Checking Program Controlled
Radiosity Controls
Radiosity Solver Program Controlled
Flux Convergence 1.e-004
Maximum Iteration 1000.
Solver Tolerance 1.e-007 W/mm²
Over Relaxation 0.1
Hemicube Resolution 10.
Nonlinear Controls
Heat Convergence Program Controlled
Temperature Convergence Program Controlled
Line Search Program Controlled
Output Controls
Calculate Thermal Flux Yes
General Miscellaneous No
Store Results At All Time Points
Analysis Data Management
Solver Files Directory
D:New folderCIRCUIT BOARD THERMAL
ANALYSIS_filesdp0SYSMECH
Future Analysis None
Scratch Solver Files
Directory
Save MAPDL db No

11. Delete Unneeded Files Yes
Nonlinear Solution No
Solver Units Active System
Solver Unit System nmm
TABLE 15
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Loads
Object Name Internal Heat Generation Convection
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body 16 Bodies
Definition
Type Internal Heat Generation Convection
Magnitude 5.e-002 W/mm³ (ramped)
Suppressed No
Film Coefficient Tabular Data
Coefficient Type Average Film Temperature
Ambient Temperature 22. °C (ramped)
Convection Matrix Program Controlled
Edit Data For Film Coefficient
Tabular Data
Independent Variable Temperature
Graph Controls
X-Axis Temperature
FIGURE 1
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Internal Heat Generation

12. FIGURE 2
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Convection

13. TABLE 16
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Convection
Temperature [°C] Convection Coefficient [W/mm²·°C]
21. 5.e-006
Solution (A6)
TABLE 17
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Solution
Object Name Solution (A6)
State Solved
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Max Refinement Loops 1.
Refinement Depth 2.
Information
Status Done
Post Processing
Calculate Beam Section Results No
TABLE 18
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Solution (A6) > Solution Information
Object Name Solution Information
State Solved
Solution Information
Solution Output Solver Output
Update Interval 2.5 s
Display Points All
FE Connection Visibility
Activate Visibility Yes
Display All FE Connectors
Draw Connections Attached To All Nodes
Line Color Connection Type
Visible on Results No
Line Thickness Single
Display Type Lines
TABLE 19
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Solution (A6) > Results
Object Name Temperature
State Solved
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Type Temperature
By Time
Display Time Last
Calculate Time History Yes
Identifier

14. Suppressed No
Results
Minimum 140.07 °C
Maximum 273.69 °C
Minimum Occurs On Part 2
Maximum Occurs On Part 10
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration Number 1
FIGURE 3
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Solution (A6) > Temperature
TABLE 20
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Solution (A6) > Temperature
Time [s] Minimum [°C] Maximum [°C]
1. 140.07 273.69
FIGURE 4
Model (A4, B4) > Steady-State Thermal (A5) > Solution (A6) > Temperature > Image

15. Transient Thermal (B5)
TABLE 21
Model (A4, B4) > Analysis
Object Name Transient Thermal (B5)
State Solved
Definition
Physics Type Thermal
Analysis Type Transient
Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Options
Generate Input Only No
TABLE 22
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Initial Condition
Object Name Initial Temperature
State Fully Defined
Definition
Initial Temperature Non-Uniform Temperature
Initial Temperature Environment Steady-State Thermal
Time End Time

16. TABLE 23
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Analysis Settings
Object Name Analysis Settings
State Fully Defined
Step Controls
Number Of Steps 1.
Current Step Number 1.
Step End Time 200. s
Auto Time Stepping Program Controlled
Initial Time Step 2. s
Minimum Time Step 0.2 s
Maximum Time Step 20. s
Time Integration On
Solver Controls
Solver Type Program Controlled
Radiosity Controls
Radiosity Solver Program Controlled
Flux Convergence 1.e-004
Maximum Iteration 1000.
Solver Tolerance 1.e-007 W/mm²
Over Relaxation 0.1
Hemicube Resolution 10.
Nonlinear Controls
Heat Convergence Program Controlled
Temperature Convergence Program Controlled
Line Search Program Controlled
Nonlinear Formulation Program Controlled
Output Controls
Calculate Thermal Flux Yes
General Miscellaneous No
Store Results At All Time Points
Analysis Data Management
Solver Files Directory
D:New folderCIRCUIT BOARD THERMAL ANALYSIS_filesdp0SYS-
1MECH
Future Analysis None
Scratch Solver Files
Directory
Save MAPDL db No
Delete Unneeded Files Yes
Nonlinear Solution No
Solver Units Manual
Solver Unit System nmm
TABLE 24
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Loads
Object Name Internal Heat Generation Internal Heat Generation 2
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection

17. Geometry 1 Body
Definition
Type Internal Heat Generation
Magnitude Tabular Data
Suppressed No
FIGURE 5
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Internal Heat Generation
TABLE 25
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Internal Heat Generation
Steps Time [s] Internal Heat Generation [W/mm³]
1
0. = 0.
20. 0.
20.1
5.e-002
40.
40.1 0.
200. = 0.
FIGURE 6
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Internal Heat Generation 2

18. TABLE 26
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Internal Heat Generation 2
Steps Time [s] Internal Heat Generation [W/mm³]
1
0. = 0.
60. 0.
60.1
0.1
70.
70.1
0.
200.
Solution (B6)
TABLE 27
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution
Object Name Solution (B6)
State Solved
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Max Refinement Loops 1.
Refinement Depth 2.
Information
Status Done
Post Processing
Calculate Beam Section Results No

19. TABLE 28
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Solution Information
Object Name Solution Information
State Solved
Solution Information
Solution Output Temperature Change
Update Interval 1. s
Display Points All
FE Connection Visibility
Activate Visibility Yes
Display All FE Connectors
Draw Connections Attached To All Nodes
Line Color Connection Type
Visible on Results No
Line Thickness Single
Display Type Lines
FIGURE 7
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Solution Information
TABLE 29
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Solution Information > Result Charts
Object Name Temperature - Global Maximum Temperature - Global Minimum
State Solved
Definition
Type Temperature

20. Suppressed No
Scope
Scoping Method Global Maximum Global Minimum
Results
Minimum 188.7 °C 140.62 °C
Maximum 257.01 °C 180.75 °C
FIGURE 8
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Solution Information > Temperature -
Global Maximum
FIGURE 9
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Solution Information > Temperature -
Global Minimum

21. TABLE 30
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Results
Object Name Temperature
State Solved
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Type Temperature
By Time
Display Time 200. s
Calculate Time History Yes
Identifier
Suppressed No
Results
Minimum 180.75 °C
Maximum 188.7 °C
Minimum Occurs On Part 2
Maximum Occurs On Part 2
Minimum Value Over Time
Minimum 140.62 °C
Maximum 180.75 °C
Maximum Value Over Time
Minimum 188.7 °C
Maximum 257.01 °C

22. Information
Time 200. s
Load Step 1
Substep 24
Iteration Number 24
FIGURE 10
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature
TABLE 31
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature
Time [s] Minimum [°C] Maximum [°C]
2. 140.62 257.01
4. 141.14 245.48
7.8857 142.1 231.2
13.192 143.39 219.05
20.352 145.12 213.09
24.865 146.22 227.72
29.377 147.34 237.84
40.581 150.3 205.26
44.315 151.3 199.11
48.05 152.32 198.29
55.67 154.39 196.86
67.867 159.61 244.91
74.608 162.93 215.23
76.855 164.06 209.13

23. 79.102 165.22 204.9
83.439 167.37 199.88
89.729 170.1 195.56
98.685 171.88 192.49
110.46 173.6 191.78
124.91 175.36 191.18
142.54 177.1 190.52
162.54 178.65 189.82
182.54 179.88 189.19
200. 180.75 188.7
FIGURE 11
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature > Image
FIGURE 12
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature > Image

24. TABLE 32
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Probes
Object Name Temperature Probe Temperature Probe 2 Temperature Probe 3
State Solved
Definition
Type Temperature
Location Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Body
Suppressed No
Options
Display Time End Time
Spatial Resolution Use Maximum
Results
Temperature 187.04 °C 184.41 °C 185.01 °C
Maximum Value Over Time
Temperature 257.01 °C 237.84 °C 244.91 °C
Minimum Value Over Time
Temperature 187.04 °C 176.71 °C 161.81 °C
Information
Time 200. s
Load Step 1

25. Substep 24
Iteration Number 24
FIGURE 13
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature Probe
TABLE 33
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature Probe
Time [s] Temperature Probe [°C]
2. 257.01
4. 245.48
7.8857 231.2
13.192 219.05
20.352 209.5
24.865 205.35
29.377 202.44
40.581 198.39
44.315 197.32
48.05 196.41
55.67 194.85
67.867 193.05
74.608 192.26
76.855 192.02
79.102 191.79
83.439 191.41
89.729 190.94

26. 98.685 190.37
110.46 189.73
124.91 189.07
142.54 188.42
162.54 187.83
182.54 187.37
200. 187.04
FIGURE 14
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature Probe 2
TABLE 34
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature Probe 2
Time [s] Temperature Probe 2 [°C]
2. 176.71
4. 177.11
7.8857 177.64
13.192 178.
20.352 213.09
24.865 227.72
29.377 237.84
40.581 205.26
44.315 198.77
48.05 194.52
55.67 190.06
67.867 187.08

27. 74.608 186.53
76.855 186.44
79.102 186.35
83.439 186.18
89.729 185.9
98.685 185.52
110.46 185.11
124.91 184.77
142.54 184.53
162.54 184.41
182.54 184.39
200. 184.41
FIGURE 15
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature Probe 3
TABLE 35
Model (A4, B4) > Transient Thermal (B5) > Solution (B6) > Temperature Probe 3
Time [s] Temperature Probe 3 [°C]
2. 161.81
4. 162.31
7.8857 163.22
13.192 164.28
20.352 165.71
24.865 166.68
29.377 167.73

28. 40.581 169.93
44.315 170.59
48.05 171.17
55.67 172.08
67.867 244.91
74.608 215.23
76.855 209.13
79.102 204.9
83.439 199.88
89.729 195.56
98.685 191.99
110.46 189.35
124.91 187.48
142.54 186.25
162.54 185.53
182.54 185.17
200. 185.01
Chart
FIGURE 16
Model (A4, B4) > Chart
TABLE 36
Model (A4, B4) > Chart

29. Steps Time [s]
[A] Temperature Probe
[°C]
[B] Temperature Probe 2
[°C]
[C] Temperature Probe 3
[°C]
1
2. 257.01 176.71 161.81
4. 245.48 177.11 162.31
7.8857 231.2 177.64 163.22
13.192 219.05 178. 164.28
20.352 209.5 213.09 165.71
24.865 205.35 227.72 166.68
29.377 202.44 237.84 167.73
40.581 198.39 205.26 169.93
44.315 197.32 198.77 170.59
48.05 196.41 194.52 171.17
55.67 194.85 190.06 172.08
67.867 193.05 187.08 244.91
74.608 192.26 186.53 215.23
76.855 192.02 186.44 209.13
79.102 191.79 186.35 204.9
83.439 191.41 186.18 199.88
89.729 190.94 185.9 195.56
98.685 190.37 185.52 191.99
110.46 189.73 185.11 189.35
124.91 189.07 184.77 187.48
142.54 188.42 184.53 186.25
162.54 187.83 184.41 185.53
182.54 187.37 184.39 185.17
200. 187.04 184.41 185.01
Material Data
Structural Steel
TABLE 37
Structural Steel > Constants
Density 7.85e-006 kg mm^-3
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 1.2e-005 C^-1
Specific Heat 4.34e+005 mJ kg^-1 C^-1
Thermal Conductivity 6.05e-002 W mm^-1 C^-1
Resistivity 1.7e-004 ohm mm
TABLE 38
Structural Steel > Compressive Ultimate Strength
Compressive Ultimate Strength MPa
0
TABLE 39
Structural Steel > Compressive Yield Strength
Compressive Yield Strength MPa
250

30. TABLE 40
Structural Steel > Tensile Yield Strength
Tensile Yield Strength MPa
250
TABLE 41
Structural Steel > Tensile Ultimate Strength
Tensile Ultimate Strength MPa
460
TABLE 42
Structural Steel > Isotropic Secant Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Reference Temperature C
22
TABLE 43
Structural Steel > Alternating Stress Mean Stress
Alternating Stress MPa Cycles Mean Stress MPa
3999 10 0
2827 20 0
1896 50 0
1413 100 0
1069 200 0
441 2000 0
262 10000 0
214 20000 0
138 1.e+005 0
114 2.e+005 0
86.2 1.e+006 0
TABLE 44
Structural Steel > Strain-Life Parameters
Strength
Coefficient MPa
Strength
Exponent
Ductility
Coefficient
Ductility
Exponent
Cyclic Strength
Coefficient MPa
Cyclic Strain
Hardening Exponent
920 -0.106 0.213 -0.47 1000 0.2
TABLE 45
Structural Steel > Isotropic Elasticity
Temperature C Young's Modulus MPa Poisson's Ratio Bulk Modulus MPa Shear Modulus MPa
2.e+005 0.3 1.6667e+005 76923
TABLE 46
Structural Steel > Isotropic Relative Permeability
Relative Permeability
10000