Planning, Management Planning, Primary function of management, meaning & definition of planning, Importance of planning, significance of planning, characteristics of planning, nature of planning, advantages of planning, steps in planning, limitation of planning, Summary of planning, Planning in Management, Plan act Succeed, Planning first step to success, Every thing has to be planned before it starts its implementation.

1. 1
Presented by
Vinodhini.R M.Com.,Mphil.,MBA.,
PGDCA.,NET.,
Head
Department of B.Com CA
DG Vaishnav College
Arumbakkam Chennai

2.  Planning is to decide, organize
or prepare for something you
want to do in the future.
 Planning is essential in every
walk of life
INTRODUCTION

3. 3

4. WHAT IS PLANNING?
 Managerial function
 Required at all levels
 Involves forecasting
 Involves decision making

5. PLANNING ENCOMPASSES
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6. PLANNING ENCOMPASSES
 Defining the organization's objectives or goals
 Establishing an overall strategy for achieving those
goals.
 Developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to
integrate and coordinate activities.

7. 7
MEANING

8. Planning is as intellectual
process of thinking resorted
to decide a course of action
which helps to achieve the
pre-determined objectives of
the organization in future.
8
MEANING

9. DEFINITIONS
9

10. DEFINITIONS
10
According to Koontz and O'Donnell:
Planning is deciding in advance
what to do, when and how to do and
who is going to do it

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING
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 Goal oriented
 Pervasive
 Done in all organization whether small or big,
business or non- business
 Used in all levels of organization
 Planning lays down the goals and ways to
achieve it
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING
13
 Planning is looking into future
 Planning discovers the best alternative out of
available many alternatives
 Planning is a Continuous process
 Planning is done for specific period
 Planning is quite adaptive to nature
 Plans changes with the change in external
environment like competitors policies, strategies,
consumer's taste

14. 14 CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING
 Planning reduces Uncertainty
 Planning may convert the uncertainty into
certainty
 Planning bring co-operation and
coordination
 Planning brings economy in operation
 Planning is Intellectual Process
 Planning requires foresightedness, imagination ,
intuition, judgement

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 Planning helps in achievement of organizational
goal
 Planning shows path to attain the goal
 Minimum waste of time, money and energy is
possible with planning
 Planning acts as a bridge
 Planning provides stability to
organization
 Planning helps in proper utilization
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING

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 Planning helps in coordinating activities with the
external environment
 Planning promotes innovativeness
 Planning is a basis for control- no plans then no
control
 Planning anticipates unpredictability and
provides provisions to meet contingencies
 Planning aims at achieving the objectives of the
enterprise.
 Planning reduces risks
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING

17. THE NATURE OF PLANNING
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18. 18 THE NATURE OF PLANNING
 Primary of function of management
 Planning contribute to objectives
 Planning is based on objectives.
 Planning is an intellectual activity
 Planning results in higher efficiency
 Planning leads to maximum output with
minimum expenditure
 Planning gives unity and consistency

19. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
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20. 20 IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING FT. VADIVELU

21. 21 THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
 Planning reduces uncertainty of future events
 Planning makes objectives clear and specific
 Planning brings economy in operations
 Planning provides the basis of control
 Planning establishes unity & coordination

22. 22 THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
 Planning helps to manage by objectives
 Planning helps to convert uncertainty into
certainty
 Planning helps economy in operation
 Planning selects best source from ofe
available resources

23. 23 THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
 Planning provides effective control
 Planning helps in co-ordination
 Planning helps in effective utilization of resources
 Planning includes the selection of the best
objectives, economy in operation, coordination
and avoiding the business failure

24. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANNING
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25. 25 CLASSIFICATION OF PLANNING
Classification on the basis of levels in organization:
 Strategic plans – Top management
 Tactical plans – Middle level
 Operational plans – Lower level

26. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANNING
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 Single use plans
 Standing plans
 Single use plans
 Programmes
 Budgets
 Strategies
 Projects
Classification on the basis of use

27. 27 CLASSIFICATION OF PLANNING
 Standing plans
 Policies
 Procedures
 Methods
 Rules
 Standards

28. 28 CLASSIFICATION OF PLANNING
Classification on the basis of time
 Long term plans –more than 5 years
 Medium term plans- 1to 5 years
 Short term plans- lessthan1

29. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANNING
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Classification on the basis of functional areas
 Production plans
 Marketing plans
 Financial plans

30. 30 CLASSIFICATION OF PLANNING
Breadth Time frame Specificity Frequency of use
Strategic Long term Directional Single use
Tactical Short term Specific Standing

31. 31 ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING

32. 32 ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING
 Better utilization of resources
 Helps in achieving the objectives
 Planning sets goals for the organization which
gives effective direction to the control of employees
of the organization
 Economy in operation
 Planning decides what to produce and how to
produce
 Minimizes future uncertainties

33. 33 ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING
 Planning provides co-operation
 Planning helps the management pull the individual to
achieve common objectives or goals
 Planning promote growth and improvement
 Planning sets a standard to control
 Planning develops rationality among management executives
 Disciplined thinking of management executives is geared up
through formal planning
 Planning prevents hasty judgment

34. 34 ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING
 Planning reduces red-tapism
 Planning encourages innovative thought
 Planning improves ability to cope with change
 Planning creates forward looking attitude in
management
 Planning helps the management develop efficient
methods and procedure of actions
 A well-prepared plan will always facilitate the
delegation of authority
 Planning helps in anticipation of crisis

35. STEPS IN PLANNING
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36. 36 STEPS IN PLANNING
 Analysis of external environment
 Analysis of internal environment
 Determination of objectives
 Determining planning premises and constraints
 Weighing alternative course of action

37. STEPS IN PLANNING
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 Selection of the best alternative course of action
 Establishing the sequence of activities
 Formulation of action programmes
 Determining secondary plans
 Securing participation of employees
 Follow-up and evaluation

38. LIMITATIONS OF PLANNING
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39. STORY FOR PLANNING
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3 fish named Plan ahead, Think fast,
wait & See lived in a pond
They heard a fisherman say he
would cast his net in the pond next
day
Plan ahead said “ I’M Swimming down the river
tonight”
Think fast said “I’M sure I will make a quick plan &
take decision at the need of the hour”
Wait & See Lazily said “I just don’t want to waste
time thinking on it now”

40. STORY FOR PLANNING
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When the fisherman cast his
nets…
Plan ahead was able to
escape – stayed safe deep
inside the pond
Think fast and wait & See were
caught by the fisherman

41. STORY FOR PLANNING
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Think fast quickly
rolled his belly up
and pretended to be
dead.
“Oh this fish is no
good!” said the
fisherman and threw
him safely back into
the water.
Wait & See ended up in the fish market

42. 42 LIMITATIONS OF PLANNING
 Inflexibility
 Limitation of forecasts
 Unsuitability
 Costly
 Time consuming
 False sense of security
 Capital investment
 Political climate
 Trade union

43. SUMMARY
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44. 44 SUMMARY
 Planning the first and foremost function of management
 Basic characteristics of planning are looking into the future,
involves predetermined line actions
 Planning contributes to objectives
 Planning is an intellectual activity
 Planning give economy in operation, motivation
 Some of the steps of planning include analysis external and
internal environment
 Planning is sometimes inflexible, unsuitable

45. 45
Vinodhini.R
M.Com.,Mphil.,MBA.,
PGDCA.,NET.,
Head
Department of B.Com CA
DG Vaishnav College
Arumbakkam Chennai