4. THREE FISH LIVED IN A POND. ONE WAS NAMED “PLANNED
AHEAD”, ANOTHER WAS “THINK FAST” AND THE THIRD
ONE WAS NAMED “WAIT AND SEE”.
ONE DAY THEY HEARD A FISHERMAN SAY THAT HE WOULD
BE GOING TO CAST HIS NET IN THEIR POND THE NEXT DAY.
“PLANNED AHEAD” SAID, “I AM SWIMMING DOWN THE
RIVER TONIGHT”.
“THINK FAST” SAID, “I AM SURE I WILLCOME UP WITH A
PLAN”.
“WAIT AND SEE” LAZILY SAID, “I JUST CAN’T THINK ABOUT
IT NOW”.
5. WHEN THE FISHERMAN CAST HIS NETS
“PLANNED AHEAD” WAS ABLE TO ESCAPE
FROM HIS NET, BUT “THINK FAST” AND “WAIT
AND SEE” WERE CAUGHT BY THE FISHERMAN.
“THINK FAST” QUICKLY ROLLED HIS BELLY UP
AND PRETEND TO BE DEAD.
“OH THIS FISH IS NO GOOD!“ SAID THE
FISHERMAN AND THREW HIM SAFELY BACK
INTO THE WATER. HOWEVER, “WAIT AND SEE”
ENDED UP IN THE FISH MARKET.
8. PLANNING - Planning is the process of
thinking before doing.
TYPES – Category used to identify or
describe a characteristics.
LEVEL – Position in terms of
Management.
10. Objectives:
• Identify the levels of planning and types of Plan.
• Demonstrate levels of planning and types of plans in
real life situation.
• Appreciate the importance of planning, its level and
types.
11. DEFINITION OF PLANNING
• Planning is the process of thinking before doing.
• This is also considered as a conceptual framework of
management.
• It is the most basic of all managerial functions.
• The process by which managers establish goal, define
methods and think of strategies by which these goals
are to be attained.
12. What is the nature of planning?
Planning is not an easy task; it involves intellectual thinking and mental activity to be able
to plan effectively. The nature of planning can be highlighted as follows:
Planning is goal oriented. A manager cannot do planning unless the goal is specified. Every
step specifies an action plan to be able to attain the desire goal.
Planning is futuristic in nature. Planning means looking ahead.
Planning exists in all managerial activities. It is the primary function of managers at all
levels.
Planning is not a guess word. It is based on facts and information.
Planning is flexible. It is dynamic in a process capable of adjustments by the need and
requirements of the situation.
13. Significance of Planning in Management
• Planning can help managers improve their
decision making skills.
• It allows them to focus on a goal and create
different courses of action that can help their
team achieve this goal.
• It can also help them make informed
decisions about what activities their team will
prioritize.
14. Components of PLANS?
• Goals represent an end statement, the targets, and
results that managers hope to achieve.
• Action plans represent by which an organization goes
ahead to attain its goals.
15. LEVELS OF PLANNING
Important part that is carried out
in three distinct levels namely
functional, business and corporate
levels.
16. 1. Corporate Level
An organization’s overall strategic direction is normally
planned at the corporate level. Planning at the
corporate level as point out is carried out by a senior
leadership within an organization.
A leader in this case provides a mission and a vision
which is duly needed in the organization towards
accomplishing the set goals and objectives.
17. 2. Business Level
At business level, stated that all businesses
enterprises can be classified under certain
organizations that work within certain industries.
These businesses develop strategies which work at
their level and that which reflect their current
position and the amount of resources they have or
need in respect to the competitive environment
they are operating.
18. 3. Functional Level
The functional level of planning concentrates on
support functions which are owned by a business
enterprise. The support functions include human resources,
manufacturing, marketing and finance departments. At the
functional level, strategies are explained, a consideration
which strengthens overall corporate and business
strategies.
Individuals in an organization count on goals and
events planned by their leaders to align to and make
impacts towards the success of attaining set objectives.
Must be achieved within a given period of time.
20. TOP- LEVEL MANAGERS
Part of the succession planning for
high potential management trainees.
Set goals and lead the entire company
to achieve the goals set.
22. LOWER-LEVEL MANAGERS
Focus on controlling and directing
Responsible for the daily management
of line workers of the employees
Supervise and monitor daily activities
to ensure quality of work and
production
23. TYPES OF PLANS
Planning is a part of management concerned with creating
procedures, rules and guidelines for achieving a stated
objective. Planning is carried out, and managers need to
create broad objectives and mission statements as well.
24. 1. Strategic Plan – a strategic plan is a high-level
overview of the entire business, its vision,
mission, corporate objectives, and values. This
plan is the foundational basis of the
organization and will form part of the long-
term decision. The scope of the plan can be
two, three, five or even ten years.
25. 2. Tactical Plan – describes the tactics
the organization plans to use to
achieve the ambitions outlined in the
strategic plan. It is a short range, say
less than one year, a low-level
document that breaks own broader
mission statements into smaller,
actionable chunks.
26. 3. Operational Plan – the operational plan
describes the day to day running of the
company. The operational plan charts out a road
map to achieve the tactical goals within the
timeframe. This plan is highly specific with an
emphasis on short-term objectives.
Creating the operational plan is the
responsibility of the low-level managers and
supervisors. An operational plan can be either
single or ongoing.
27. 4. Contingency Plan - Contingency
plans are prepared when something
unforeseen occurs or when something
needs to be modified. Business experts
sometimes refer to these plans as a
special type of planning.
28. Planning is very crucial for business
success. It is impossible to reach a goal
with no planning. Of course, planning
alone will not produce result, you
need to work for it to be successful.
30. Student will be given different
situation and must perform the task of
planning using the levels and types of
planning in the given scenarios.
(20 points)
31. 1. Planning for a vacation
2. Planning for a Career/Future
3. Plan as a Grade 12 Student
4. Plan in applying a job
32.
33.
34.
35. Creating a Plan Rubrics
GOAL - SMART 4- Excellent 3- Good 2 – Fair 1 – needs
improvement
Specific Have a focus and clear goal Have quite focused
and clear goal
Have set a goal at the
very beginning
No goals set
Measurable Included numbers in
frequency in writing the
actions
included some
numbers in frequency
in writing the actions
Have included
numbers but
numbers are not
cleared
Not included number
of frequency in
writing
Attainable The goal is very likely to be
achieved
The goal is quite
likely to be achieved
The goal is likely to be
achieved
The goal is not likely
to be achieved
Relevant Actions are useful and
workable based on facts
Actions are quite
useful and workable
based on facts
Actions are based on
facts but may not be
useful and workable
Actions are not useful
and workable
Time-bounded Have set a clear time frame
or deadline
Have set a quite time
frame or deadline
Have time frame and
deadline but not
clear
No time frame and
deadline
38. Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the
best answer. Write your answer in a ¼ sheet of paper.
1.Which of the following is INCORRECT?
A. planning is the part of the management process that attempts
to define the organization’s future
b. the approach to planning can differ greatly from manager to
manager planning is a onetime event
c. planning is thinking out in advance the sequence of actions to
accomplish a proposed course of action
2.What are the two basic components of planning?
A.goals and decisions C. plans and decision
b.goals and plans D. goals and actions
39. 3.“Planning is deciding in advance, what is to be done; that is a
plan is a projected course of action.”
A. The statement is false C. The statement is neither true or false
B. The statement is true D. All Of The Above
4.Questions such as “What is our business?” and “Who is the
customer?” are generally answered in a company’s?
A.Vision C. Objective
B.Mission D. Values
5.What are the three levels of planning?
A. corporate, business, functional C. low, middle, high
B. central, regional, divisional D. high, average, below1
Managers at every level will turn to the strategic plan to guide their decisions. It will also influence the culture within an organization and how it interacts with customers. Thus, the strategic plan must be forward looking and flexible.
Planning is important because it provides clarity. It also lessens the overall vision into actionable which is important to convert plan to implementation . It also helps find out major issues in the business early on including difficulties, possible downsides and areas which have not been considered into. Business planning helps to enhance your work productivity by ensuring you to stay in a right way of your goals. It also helps you to foresee the obstruction you may get in your business success which helps to keep the solution ready for the problem you are going to face in the time to come.
