2. Le Corbusier
Born: 6 October 1887, La
Chaux-de-Fonds,
Switzerland
Died: 27 August
1965, Roquebrune-Cap-
Martin, France
Charles-Édouard
Jeanneret, known as Le
Corbusier, was a Swiss-
French architect,
designer, painter, urban
planner, writer, and one of
the pioneers of what is
now regarded as modern
architecture. He was born
3. The beginning of Le Corbusier
Charles-Edouard Jeanneret first studied the
decorative arts, only becoming involved in
architecture.
After finishing his education, he travelled Europe
on a formative journey. In the Mediterranean, he took
in the classical proportions of Renaissance
architecture.
In Vienna and Munich, he studied the burgeoning
decorative arts scene.
In France, he learned about building with reinforced
concrete from pioneer Auguste Perret.
Then, in 1920, after a long apprenticeship, Jeanneret
rebranded himself as Le Corbusier and
begin establishing his style in earnest.
4. MODULAR THEORY
Le Corbusier explicitly used the
golden ratio in his Modular
system for the scale of
architectural proportion.
Le Corbusier based the system
on human measurements,
Fibonacci numbers, and the
double unit.
He took Leonardo's suggestion of
the golden ratio in human
proportions to an extreme: he
sectioned his model human
body's height at the navel with
the two sections in golden ratio,
then subdivided those sections in
golden ratio at the knees and
throat; he used these golden
ratio proportions in the Modular
system.
Le Corbusier placed systems of
harmony and proportion at the
centre of his design philosophy,
and his faith in the mathematical
order of the universe was closely
5. Le Corbusier’s design philosophy
Along with Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius,
Le Corbusier was instrumental in the creation of the
International Style. This was a movement defined by
rectilinear forms, open interiors and 'weightless'
structures. Le Corbusier laid out these tenets in his
five principles of new architecture, published in 1927.
He advocated:
The Pilotis
Free floor plans
Roof gardens
Horizontal windows
Free facades
6.
7. The Pilotis – a grid of columns to replace load-
bearing walls, allowing architects to make more use
of floorspace.
Free floor plans – flexible living spaces that could
adapt to changing lifestyles, thanks to the absence
of load-bearing walls.
Roof gardens – a flat roof covered in vegetation,
which keeps moisture consistent and regulates
temperature.
Horizontal windows – cut through non load-bearing
walls, these strips provide even light and panoramic
views.
Free facades – open and closed sections that allow
the facade to actively connect or separate interior
and exterior design elements.
8. Clearly, Le Corbusier’s philosophy was as much
about function as form.
Much of his work centred on how good architecture
can affect social landscapes too.
These design principles were realised in stunning
designs that combine form and function with true
elegance.
His 1931 Villa Savoye in Poissy, for example,
delivers fully on his five principles and defined luxury
living for much of the late twentieth century.
His more organic later works like Notre Dame du
Haut have continued to influence avant-garde
architects in the twenty-first century, including Zaha
Hadid.
9. Villa savoye
Villa Savoye is
a modernist villa and
gatelodge in Poissy, on
the outskirts
of Paris, France. It was
designed by
the Swiss architects Le
Corbusier and his
cousin Pierre Jeanneret,
and built between 1928
and 1931 using reinforced
concrete.
As an exemplar of Le
Corbusier's "five points"
for new constructions, the
villa is representative of
the origins of modern
architecture and is one of
the most easily
10. Design
The Villa Savoye, which is probably Le Corbusier's best
known building from the 1930s, had an enormous
influence on international modernism.Its design embodied
his emblematic "Five Points", the basic tenets in his new
architectural aesthetic:
Support of ground-level pilotis, elevating the building from
the earth and allowing the garden to be extended to the
space beneath.
A functional roof serving as a garden and terrace,
reclaiming for Nature the land occupied by the building.
A free floor plan, devoid of load-bearing walls, allowing
walls to be placed freely and only where aesthetically
needed.
Long horizontal windows for illumination and ventilation.
Freely-designed façades functioning merely as a skin for
the wall and windows, and unconstrained by load-bearing
11. CHANDIGARH CITY
INTRODUCTION
This was the first planned city
post independence. It is known
internationally for its
Architecture, Landscape and
Urban Design.
Chandigarh Capital Region or
Greater Chandigarh is an area
in northern India, comprising of
the Union Territory of
Chandigarh, the state of
Punjab (Mohali dist.)
The region consists of the
cities of Chandigarh,
Panchkula, Mohali, Zirakpur
and Kharar
The city is located at the
picturesque junction of foothills
of the Himalayas Mountain
range and the Ganges plains.
It houses a population of
1,054,600 inhabitants (2001)
12. Master Plan
The primary module of
city’s design is a Sector,
a neighborhood unit of
size 800 x 1200 meters.
Each SECTOR is a
self-sufficient
neighborhood unit
having shops, school,
health centers and
places of recreations
and worship and open
green spaces.
The population of a
sector varies between
3000 and 20000
depending upon the
sizes of plots and the
topography.
13. Le Corbusier and his Human form.
Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of
Chandigarh as analogous to human body.
It had a clearly defined
Head – The Capitol Complex (Sector – 1)
Heart – The City Centre (Sector – 17)
Lungs – The leisure valley, innumerable open
spaces, Sector greens.
Limbs – Educational and cultural institutions
Viscera – Industries
Circulation System – Road Network
Concept of the city is based on four major
functions :
living, working, care of the body & spirit, & circulation.
14.
15. The capitol complex- The Head
Housed all important govt. buildings – the
Center of Power
16. City Center – The Heart
The Central Sector of the
city, Sector – 17, is the
main Public Congregation
area of the city.
It houses all major
Shopping Complexes,
Sports Facilities and
Congregation Spaces.
All buildings located along
the road V2 was subjected
to control.
Buildings were constructed
on a 5.60 M grid,
occupants had the
freedom to control the
interior aesthetics and
limited treatment to
external façade was
17. The open spaces- Lungs
The Leisure Valley (8 Km long stretch along a
seasonal rivulet) is a green sprawling space
extending North-East to South-West along a
seasonal riverlet gradient and was conceived
by Le Corbusier as the LUNGS OF THE CITY.
Apart from large Public Parks and special
Botanical Gardens, it houses series of Fitness
Trails, amphitheatres and spaces for open-air
exhibitions.
18. Educational institutions- The Limbs
An entire zone (Sector 12 and Sector 14)
has been designated as institutional area
– INSTITUTES FOR HIGHER
LEARNING (Post Graduate Institute for
Medical Education & Research, Punjab
Engineering College, Panjab University,
etc.) in the master plan.
19. Industries – The Viscera
An entire zone has been designated as
Industrial Area in the Master Plan.
Site for the Industrial Area was chosen
according to the prevailing wind direction.
The wind blew away smoke from the
industries and it could never enter the city.
21. The Seven Vs :
V1 - The National Highway (Connecting Chandigarh
with other cities like Ambala, Kharar & Shimla.)
V2 - They are the major avenues with important
institutional & commercial functions running alongside
V3 - They are the corridor-streets for fast moving
vehicular traffic. A Sector is surrounded either by V-2
or V-3 roads.
V4 - Roads bisecting the Sectors.
V5 - Roads meandering through the Sector giving
access to its inner lands.
V6 - Roads coming off of the V-5s and leading to the
residential houses.
V7 - They are intended for pedestrian movement and
run through the middle of the sectors in the green
areas.
22. In July 2016, 16 other buildings by Le Corbusier,
spread over 7 countries, were inscribed as
the The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier World
Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Some of his other buildings
Colline Notre Dame du Haut
Unité d'Habitation de Marseille
Le Corbusier House
Dom-Ino House
23. Colline Notre Dame du
Haut
Notre-Dame du Haut is a
Roman Catholic chapel in
Ronchamp, France. Built
in 1955, it is one of the
finest examples of the
architecture of Franco-
Swiss architect Le
Corbusier. The chapel is a
working religious building
and is under the
guardianship of the
private foundation
Association de l’Œuvre de
Notre-Dame du Haut.
Architect: Le Corbusier
Architectural
style: Modern
architecture
Height: 14 m
Function: Chapel
Opened: 1955
24. Unité d'Habitation de
Marseille
The Unité
d'Habitation (Housing
Unit) is
a modernist residential
housing design principle
developed by Le
Corbusier, with the
collaboration of painter-
architect Nadir Afonso.
The concept formed the
basis of several housing
developments designed
by him throughout Europe
with this name. The most
famous of these
developments is located
in the southern part
of Marseille
Architect: Le Corbusier
Architectural
style: Brutalist
architecture
25. Le Corbusier House
The Pavillon Le
Corbusier is a Swiss art
museum in Zürich-Seefeld
at Zürichhorn dedicated to
the work of the Swiss
architect Le Corbusier. In
1960 Heidi Weber had the
vision to establish a
museum designed by Le
Corbusier – this building
should exhibit his works of
art in an ideal
environment created by
the architect himself in the
then Centre Le
Corbusier or Heidi
Weber Museum. In April
2014 the building and
museum went over to the
city of Zürich, and was
Function: Art
museum
26. Dom-Ino House is an
open floor plan modular
structure designed by
the pioneering
architect Le Corbusier
in 1914–1915
It was a prototype as
the physical platform for
the mass production of
housing. The name is a
pun that combines an
allusion to domus (Latin
for house) and the
pieces of the game
of dominoes, because
the floor plan resembled
the game and because
the units could be
aligned in a series like
dominoes, to make row
Dom-Ino House
