Industrial accidents For engineers training

3. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS AN ACCIDENT ???
WHAT IS AN INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS ???
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS.
CATEGORY OF ACCIDENTS.
CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS.
INVESTIGATION OF ACCIDENTS.

4.  In today's a highly competitive atmosphere every organization
having a no. of problems and one of such problem is industrial
accidents.
 In rare sense / means we can an industrial accidents is part of an
industry.
 Due to increase in the literacy rate , freedom to the media , and
activeness of labors unions higher management to lower staff
manger are all strive to reduce the accidents and prefer on the
safety action.
 Due to advancement in the technology and automation increase
this also leads to a different and very harmful type of accidents.
 A little careless ness may cause a very harmful accidents.
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5. “An accident is an
unplanned &
uncontrolled event
which causes or is
likely to cause an
injury”.
 It is some thing which un-
expected , un-predictable or
intended or not desired.
 An accidents may cause a result of
some unsafe activity, act, working
condition etc ,…..

6.  It can be define as “An accident or occupational
accident is an event of accident that suddenly
occurs when one or no. of employees / workers
placed in plant.
 For instance, In an organization a person / labor
while working receiving an electric current, a labor
cut his finger from machine, blast in chemical
industry because of various reasons, fired in textile
section etc..
 These are all the example of industrial accidents.
WHAT IS AN INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT
???

7. It can be classified as,
1- ACCORDING TO LENGTH OF RECOVERY
i-FIRST AID
ACCIDENTS
ii-LOST TIME
ACCIDENTS
iii-HOME- CASE
ACCIDENTS
Here these worker receives
first aid at plant hospital and
then return to the job.
here worker loses a day or
shift in which accidents occur.
Compensation is given to the
employee by employer for the
severity of accident.
worker loses reminder
of shifts or turn on
which the accidents has
occurred

8. 1- ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF INJURY
i-FATAL ACCDIENTS
ii-TEPORARY
DISABLEMENT
iii-PERMANENT
DISABLEMENT
• it includes the accidents that
could result in the death of the
injured worker.
The death could occur on the
spot due to the unbearable
injuries.
• accident that reduces
the earning capacity of an
employee when he
engaged in the injury.
But once he got ok he
start work again ….
• an accident that
reduces completely
reduces the earning
capacity of an
employee…..!!!!

9. There are FOUR category of
accidents…..
1) MINOR ACCIDENTS
2) REPORTABLE ACCIDENTS
3) FATAL ACCIDENTS
4) ACCIDENTS DUE TO
DANGERIOUS OCCURANCE
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10. • It includes all those accidents that are
• Less harmful in nature to the worker
• Preventing employees from working
for the period less than 48 hours from
the time of accidents.
• These accidents are not reported to the
higher management.
• These accidents are easily control.
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11.  It includes the category of accidents
which is little complicated then of
minor accidents.
 Here the injuries caused to the
worker prevent him from working
for the period of 48 hours or more.
 Here supervisor is responsible to
report to the higher management
and arrange another worker so that
the production could not be
affected.

12.  These occurs due to
 Bursting of vessel for containing steam under
pressure greater then atmospheric pressure.
 Failure of crank or other appliances.
 Explosion of fire causing damage to any room or
place where person are employed.
 Explosion of container used for storage of any gas
or liquid at a pressure greater than atmospheric
pressure.

13.  As we know that an accidents is an
unplanned activity and hence an
accidents don’t have any specific cause to
occur , the causes of accident vary from
situation to situation.
 In general sense an accident may be
cause due to ……….
I. Technical cause
II. Human cause

14.  An accident is mishap ,misadventure or an
unforeseen and unplanned event or
circumstance, often with lack of intention
or necessity It usually implies a generally
negative outcome which might have been
avoided or prevented had circumstances
leading up to the accident been recognized,
and acted upon, prior to its
occurrence. Injury prevention refers to
activities designed to foresee and avoid
accidents.

15.  Accident at work is a "discrete occurrence in
the course of work" leading to physical or
mental Occupational injury.
 Under factories act 1948 “an occurrence in an
industrial establishment causing body injury to one or
more persons which makes him unfit to resume his work
for next 48 hrs.”

16. Even a minor accident may bring down the morale of
workers ,it may lead to the wastage of time of the
employees & organization thus leading to a lower
production.

18.  Put formal safety policies and procedures in place.
 Communicate your expectations for a safe work
environment.
 Inspect facilities regularly with a safety coordinator.
 Make right tools available so that employees don't have
to improvise.
 Consider investing in first-aid training or, at the very
least, a first aid kit.
 Make sure workplace entrances and exits are fully
operational and easily accessible.
 Most Important “Be Careful.”

19. TECHNICAL
CAUSES
Mechanical
factors
Environment
factors
UNSAFE
CONDITION
1- TECHNICAL CAUSES

20.  The mechanical factors includes
 Unsafe mechanical design and construction, Hazards
arrangement ,In proper machine guarding, defective
device, improper material handling, leaking and value
etc
ENVIRONEMENTAL FACTORS
 The environmental factors includes
 Two low and too high temperature to cause shivering
and sweating respectively, too high humidity to cause
fatigue and drownsiness, defective and illumation,
inadequate rest and brakes b/w working hours, poor
housekeeping, noise, bed order and flash coming from
near by machinary, equipment or process etc …

21. Personal
factors
HUMAN CAUSES
Unsafe acts

22.  It includes
 Age
 Health
 Lack of knowledge & skill
 Improper attitudes towards work.
 Emotional in stability such as jalousy.
 Mental worries
 Non use safety device
 Working and unsafe speed.
 Improper use of tools.

23.  Methods of accident analysis
There exist numerous forms of Accident Analysis methods. These
can be divided into three categories:
 Causal Analysis uses the principle of causality to determine the
course of events. Though people casually speak of a "chain of
events", results from Causal Analysis usually have the form of
directed a-cyclic graphs – the nodes being events and the edges
the cause-effect relations. Methods of Causal Analysis differ in
their respective notion of causation.
 Expert Analysis relies on the knowledge and experience of field
experts. This form of analysis usually lacks a rigorous
(formal/semiformal) methodological approach. This usually
affects falsify-ability and objectivity of analyses. This is of
importance when conclusions are heavily disputed among
experts.
 Organizational Analysis relies on systemic theories of
organization. Most theories imply that if a system's behaviour
stayed within the bounds of the ideal organization then no
accidents can occur. Organizational Analysis can be falsified and
results from analyses can be checked for objectivity. Choosing an
organizational theory for accident analysis comes from the
assumption that the system to be analysed conforms to that
theory.

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 Investigation can be done according
to the category of accidents and
therefore the procedure for
investigation is vary from situation to
situation.
 There are three types of procedure for
investigating the accidents.
I. Procedure for investigating Minor
Accidents.
II. Procedure for investigating
Reportable Accidents.
III. Procedure for investigating Fatal &
Poissons Accidents.

25.  The procedure for investing such types of accidents is that as
soon as accidents occur first aid shall be given to the injured.
These accidents are not reported to the higher management and
they are easily controlled by foreman and supervisor.
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2- Procedure for investigating of
Reportable Accidents
 In this type of accidents head of the department choose a senior
person for inquiry after receiving report of supervisor. Also it is
duty of supervisor to report to the higher management to
temporary arrange another worker so that the production could
not affected.

26.  In case of fatal accidents the following officers shall be intimated
through message
SAFETY
OFFICER
WORKERS
MANGER
LABOUR
OFFICER OF
FACTORY

27.  The officer on receiving intimation shall immidiately informed
the following authorized persons
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LABOUR OFFICER OF FACTORY
INSPECTOR
OF FACTORY
NEAREST POLICE
STATION
WORKERS
FAMILY

29. • Some employees are more accident prone as
compared to others.
According to T.W. Harrell,
“Accident Proneness is the continuing tendency of a
person to have accidents as a result of his stable and
persisting characteristics.”
• If two individuals are working on similar machines
under identical circumstances, one may commit more
accidents than the other. The former employee will be
called an “accident-prone operator ”.

30. • Accident proneness is a condition in which a “human
being is mentally inclined, strongly disposed ,
attitudinally addicted or personally destined to become
continually involved in an on-going and never-ending
series of accidents or injuries”.
• Thus, some people may be more often involved in
accidents than others. In other words, they are ‘accident-
prone’.
• They get involved in accidents, muscular weakness, emotional
instability, visual disability, recklessness, hostility and
indifference. A person who is prone to accident is also known as
‘accident-repeater’.

31. Accident proneness, also known as clumsiness, is the conception
that some people might have predisposition, or that they might
be more likely to suffer accidents, such as car crashes and
industrial injuries, than other people.
Definition of Accident
Proneness
In other words accident prone refers to anyone who seems
to be more susceptible to accidents and injuries than others.
This may be due to disability or merely clumsiness.

32. 3 - KEYS
1) Openness -: This is the tendency to learn from
experience and to be open to suggestions from others,
but too much openness can increase accident risk.
A team of British researchers identified 3 key personality
traits of people who are not accident prone which are as
follows -::
2) Dependability -: This is the tendency to be
conscientious and socially responsible.
3) Agreeableness -: This is the tendency to be aggressive
or self controlled.

34. Frequency Rate
And
Severity Rate

35. For Measuring Accident
Rates
 Accident Frequency Rate= (No. of
injuries×1,00,000)∕ No. of human hours
worked ..
 Accident Severity Rate= (No. of human day
lost time×1,00,000)∕No. of human hours
worked ..

37. Investigating the causes of an
accident or series of accidents so
as to prevent further incidents of
similar kind is known as “Accident
Analysis” . It may be performed by
a range of experts,
including forensic scientists ,
forensic engineers or health and
safety advisers.

38. Sequence
Accident analysis is performed in four
steps:
Fact gathering:
After an accident happened, a forensic process
starts to gather all possibly relevant facts that may
contribute to understanding the accident.
Fact Analysis:
After the forensic process has been completed or at
least delivered some results, the facts are put
together to give a "big picture." The history of the
accident is reconstructed and checked for
consistency and plausibility.

39. Conclusion Drawing
If the accident history is sufficiently
informative , conclusions can be drawn about
causation and contributing factors.
Counter-measures: In some cases the
development of counter-measures is desired or
recommendations have to be issued to prevent
further accidents of the same kind.

40.  Human Error
 Improper Training
 Manufacturing Defect
 Improper Maintenance
 Inherent Hazards
 Slip or fall on floors and stair casings
 Collision
 Some Miscellaneous Causes

42.  The number of accidents is more in
manufacturing industries as compared to
service industries.
 Mining & construction are considered as risky
industries.
 The rate of accidents is generally higher in
case of employees who are fatigued.

43.  The frequency of accidents on high speed
machines is higher.
 The possibility of accidents in case of
newly employed workers and young
workers is more as compared to
experienced workers.
 Tension or disturbed state of mind leads to
more accidents.