3. About DARPA
• When I was young, I always
dreamed about having my own
airplane, my grandpa told me if
you work hard, you will always
be rewarded. I was shy in school
and always treasure the power
of knowledge, I was disciplined,
and ambitious about my own
plane, until today, I still
remember how my grandpa told
me to cherish time and
opportunities to become
prestigious.
4.
5. The value
After World War II, dictators established themselves in the several new states
of Africa and Asia, often at the expense or failure of the constitutions
inherited from the colonial powers. These constitutions often failed to work
without a strong middle class or work against the preexisting autocratic rule.
Some elected presidents and prime ministers captured power by suppressing
the opposition and installing one-party rule, and some established military
dictatorships through army. Whatever their form, these dictatorships had an
adverse impact on economic growth and the quality of political institutions.
Dictators who stayed in office for a long time period found it increasingly
difficult to carry out sound economic policies.
The often-cited exploitative dictator is the regime of Mobutu Sese Seko, who
ruled Zaire from 1965 to 1997, embezzling over $5 billion from his country.
6. Absolute dictatorship
A stable dictatorship is a dictatorship that is able to remain in power for
long periods. The stable dictatorship theory concerning the Soviet Union held
that after the succession crisis following Joseph Stalin's death, the victorious
leader assumed the status of a Stalinist dictator without Stalin's terror
apparatus. Chile and Paraguay were considered to be stable dictatorships in the
1970s. It has been argued that stable dictatorships behave differently than
unstable dictatorships. For instance, Maria Brouwer opines that expansionary
policies can fail and undermine the authority of the leader. Stable dictators,
would therefore, be inclined to refrain from military aggression. This applies to
imperial China, Byzantium and Japan, which refrained from expanding their
empire at some point in time. Emerging dictators, by contrast, want to win the
people’s support by promising them riches from appropriating domestic or
foreign wealth. They have not much to lose from failure, whereas success could
elevate them to positions of wealth and power.