The document provides an overview of the Object Sorting Test (OST) and Rorschach Inkblot Test (RIBT). It describes the projective hypothesis and types of projective techniques. It outlines the scoring and interpretation of the OST, including criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia and mania. It also covers the development, phases, scoring systems, and contents of responses for the RIBT, as well as concepts for interpreting the psychogram.

1. Interpretation of OST & RIBT
Mr. Varun Muthuchamy, Mphil Trainee
Ms.Harini, PhD Scholar
Dr. Nitin Anand, Assistant Professor

2. PROJECTIVE HYPOTHESIS
• Lawrence Frank, 1939
• When people try to understand vague or ambiguous unstructured stimuli, the
interpretation they produce reflects their needs, feelings, experience, prior
conditioning, thought processes.

3. PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES
• Projective techniques are the methods through which the assess to the unconscious
material is ensured.
• Types
• Semi Projective: The stimulus is less ambiguous and than projective. (E.g.: SCT, R-PFT).
The subject may be aware of how it would be interpreted.
Social desirable responses may be possible in semi-projective test
Projective
Semi-Projective

4. OBJECT SORTING TEST

5. Object Sorting Test (OST)
• OST is a test of concrete thinking, thought deviance (Goldstein) and if over
inclusiveness (Payne).
• Concrete Thinking: Means LITERAL thinking which lacks abstraction. Lacks
generalization. E.g.: using word dog to the one which is in the
home and not to dog in general.
• Thought Deviance: Formal thought disorder (Nancy Anderson)
• Over Inclusiveness: Inability to preserve conceptual boundaries, as a result of which
distantly related and irrelevant ideas get regarded as essential

6. OST SCORING (Active)
Active Phase
Common
Adequate
Narrow
Fused
Time
Over-wide use
Impoverished
Peculiar
Singular
Idiosyncratic
Symbolization
Disjointed
Fusion
Loosening of
association/
Tangential

7. OST SCORING
• Common Adequate: (only one concept is used)
• 3: material, colour, form
• 2: function, use
• 1: principle is implicit but not expressed clearly
• Common Narrow:
• Formation of a group having one or more objects missed.
• 1: One object is missed from adequate list. E.g.: Cloth, needle, thread as group leaving scissors
• 2: Two or more objects are left out from adequate list and if a single sub-concept is used
instead of the whole concept.

8. OST SCORING
• Time/Need:
• 4: Obj. from 3 or more diff. concepts
• 3: Obj. from 2 or more unrelated concepts
• 2: Obj. from 2 or more related concepts
• 1: One Obj. is added to an adequate sort.
• Over-wide Usage:
• 4: All objects as used by all
• 3: Used by specific gender (but obj. is
general)
• 1: Used by specific gender (Actually true)
Common Fused: (more than one concept is used)

9. OST SCORING
• Impoverished: (Trivial or Inconsequential)
• 4: Absolutely purposeless (Cloth can be used to cover ball)
• 3: lack of purpose is not that evident (Pen, Purse and diary can be kept in pocket)
• 2: Paucity of ideas/stuck up with particular type. (Cloth to clean)
• 1: Impoverished but occur frequently (Coin can be kept in purse)

10. OST SCORING
• Singular Idiosyncratic
• 4: Extreme Bizarre
• 3: Deviant but not Bizarre
• 2: Within the realm of possibility
• 1: Ignoring more common possibility
• Singular Symbolization
• 4: Extremely unusual (circle as beauty)
• 3: Personal significance (Red as danger)
• 2: Different but acceptable (diary and pen
as education)
• 1: Common level of Symbolization/
misinterpretation. (Photo as real people)
• The combination of two or more
symbolization has to be scored accordingly
• Peculiar Singular Type:
• Group serves single purpose

11. OST SCORING
• Disjointed multi-group
• Two or more is combined where more than
one is at least peculiar.
• 4: Two or more peculiar concept used
• 4: Single peculiar (which qualifies for score 2
in singular type)
• 3: Single peculiar qualifies for score 1 in
singular type
• Disjointed - Loosening
• Single or several object producing tangential
association.
• 4: Bizarre association O: purse and coin
V:I want money, money can make anything.
That is my main problem. These days the
world works only for money.
• 3: Deviant association (O: Cigarette packet
V: I am not smoking, I’m praying)
• 2: Unusual association (O: Cloth, needle
V: I don’t like stitching, its very boring)
• Peculiar Disjointed Type:
• Group contains two or more subsets serving more than one purpose

12. OST SCORING (Passive)
• Compatible group
• Success
• Score 2: Category A as compatible.
• Score 1: Category B as compatible.
• Failure:
• Score 1: Category A as compatible.
• Score 2: Category B as compatible.
• Incompatible group:
• Success
• Score 1: Identify as incompatible
• Score 1: Inability to find association
• Failure
• If the subject attempts to explain, then the
verbatim has to be noted and scored as in
active phase.

13. OST INTERPRETATION
• Steps for interpretation
1. Calculate total scores.
I. Total singular
II. Total Peculiar (Singular + Disjointed)
III. Total fused and Impoverished
2. Calculate other scores.
I. Gross adequate scores
II. Cumulative active and Cumulative passive (fused, impoverished, peculiar separately for A & P)
III. Grand total (Cum. Active + Cum. Passive)
3. Convert to wt. score.

14. OST INTERPRETATION (Criteria for Schizophrenics and
Manics)
2 out of 5 criteria needs to be fulfilled: (Major depression is ruled out)
1. Weighted score of 4 in any of the three scales (Singular, Disjointed, Peculiar), or a total
of 6 on all three scales put together.
2. Weighted score of 3 or 4 on any of the scales (fused-impoverished, active cumulative,
passive cumulative)
3. Weighted score of 2 or more on grand total score
4. Gross adequacy score of 8 or less
5. Adequacy score of 4 or less on the active phase

15. OST INTERPRETATION (Criteria for Schizophrenics and
Manics)
Any of the following 2 criteria needs to be fulfilled: (When major depression is cannot
be ruled out)
1. Weighted score of 4 in any one of the three scales: Singular, Disjointed, Peculiar, or a
total weighted score of 6 on all three scales together.
2. A weighted score of 3 or more on both the Active cumulative and the Passive
cumulative scales.

16. RORSCHACH INKBLOT TEST

17. RIBT
• Developed by Hermann. A. Rorschach in 1921
• Projective test to understand the personality and to produce profile the patient
suffering from various mental disorders
• Has 10 cards with inkblots (5 Chromatic and 5 Achromatic)
• Conducted in 3 phases
• Performance proper
• Inquiry phase
• Testing the limits

18. RIBT (Scoring Systems)
• Rapaport's (1945,1946)
• Klopfer's (1954, 1956)
• Piotrowski's (1957)
• Beck's (1961)
• Exner's (1974) - Comprehensive Scoring System

19. RIBT (Klopfer)- Scoring
• FIVE STEPS in scoring
• Location Score
• Determinant score
• Content score
• Popularity and originality score
• Form-Level rating

20. RIBT - Location
• W=Whole response
• W=Whole Cut
• D= Large usual detail
• d= Small usual detail
• Dd= Intermediate between D & d
• S= White space response
• dd= Tiny details
• de= Edge details
• di= Inner details
• dr= Rare details

21. RIBT - Determinants
• Form
• Movement
• Human= M
• Animal= FM
• Inanimate (Object)= m, Fm or mF
• Shading and Depth
• c= surface or texture= c, Fc, cF
• K= 3-D view or sense of diffusion=
K,KF,FK
• k= 3-D on 2-D view= kF,Fk,k
• Color
• Achromatic color (C’)= C’, FC’, CF’
• Chromatic color (C)= C, FC, CF
• Forced FC (F↔C) or Forced CF (F↔C)
• Fcsym or CFsym
• Cn, Cdes, Csym

22. RIBT - Contents
• H= Human
• (H)= Near Human
• Hd= Human details
• (Hd)= Near Human details
• AH= Human and animal mixed
• At= Anatomical
• Sex= sexual organs
• A= Animal
• (A)= Near animal
• Ad= Animal detail
• (Ad)= Near animal detail
• Aobj= Objects related to animals
• N= Nature
• Pl= Plant
• Obj= Object
• Fire, Abstract, Architectural, Art, Food

23. RIBT – Scoing
Fm +FC, CF

24. FK
Depth impression is combined with definite form perception

25. Bracketing responses
1. One main location score only= Tightly organised
2. One main location bracketed with independent main details= More loosely organised with semi-independent responses
within same determinant.
3. Separate main detail responses bracketed together with an additional whole= Loosely organised and covered with different
determinant.
4.One main location score and additional location for semi-independent details not mentioned until the inquiry

26. PSYCHOGRAM
Introversion Extraversion
Stimulus driven
Perceiver-dependent
Influenced more by
outer determinants
Reactive
Enrich perception with
own imagination
Inner Determinant
Reworking

27. Neurotic Constriction
• F%= 50 to 80 and with high level of form level rating.
• Although the person is intellectually capable of more enriched and differentiated
responses, he is inhibited in such responses having repressed his tendencies to
acknowledge and respond to his own inner needs and act according to his own
emotional reactions.
Burnt Child Hypothesis
• Achromatic= Twice Chromatic
• Persons responsiveness to outside stimulation has been interfered with some kind of
traumatic experience and resulted in withdrawal.
• Need for affectional response from others is high but person is toned down in his
emotional reaction due to the fear of being hurt

28. ThAnk yOU