7. 27/02/2012
Verbos en present simple
Se debe tener en cuenta que la tercera personal del singular (he/she/it) cambia la
forma del verbo. Como se ha visto en la secciĂłn anterior para la forma interrogativa de
la tercera persona del singular no se altera, pero lo harĂĄ en su lugar el verbo auxiliar
do.
To Arrive
I arrive
You arrive
He/She/ It arrives
We arrive
You arrive
They arrive
-Do i arrive? -Yes i do/No I donÂŽt
-Do you arrive? âYes you do/ No you donât
-Does he/she/it arrive? âYes he does/ No he doesnât
-Do we arrive? âYes we do/No we donât
-Do you arrive? âYes you do/ No you donât
-Do they arrive? âYes they do/ No they donât
To Begin
I begin
You begin
He/She/ It begins
We begin
You begin
They begin
To Drink
I drink
You drink
He/She/ It drinks
We drink
You drink
They drink
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8. To Come (Venir)
I come
You come
He/She/ It comes
We come
You come
They come
To Eat
I eat
You eat
He/She/ It eats
We eat
You eat
They eat
To Leave (Dejar)
I /You leave
He/She/ It leaves
We/You/They leave
To Like
I /You like
He/She/ It likes
We/You/They like
To Live
I /You live
He/She/ It lives
We/You/They live
To Practice
I /You practice
He/She/ It practices
We/You/They practice
To Pronounce
I /You pronounce
He/She/ It pronounces
We/You/They pronounce
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9. To Speak
I /You speak
He/She/ It speaks
We/You/They speak
(Se usa para referirse a hablar un idioma, o a hablar a un grupo de gente, como dar
una conferencia)
To Talk
I /You talk
He/She/ It talks
We/You/They talk
To Discuss (Discutir, debatir)
I /You discuss
He/She/ It discusses
We/You/They discuss
To Argue
I /You argue
He/She/ It argues
We/You/They argue
Tener una discursion â to have an argument.
No me gusta tener una discursion â i donât like to have an argument.
No me gusta discutir- i donât like to argue.
To teach: teach, teaches. To undersantd (entender): understand, understands.
To work: Work, works. To read: read, reads. To write: write, writes.
To run: Run, runs. To send: send, sends. To play: play, plays.
To want: want, wants. To search: Search, sarchs. To go: go, goes.
To learn: learn, learns. To listen (escuchar): listen, listens. To hear (oir): hear, hears.
To open: open, opens. To close: close, closes. To walk: walk, walks.
To type (teclear): type, types. To wash (lavar): wash, washes. To catch: catch, catches.
To watch (mirar fijamente, observar): Watch, watches. To know: Know, Knows.
To need: need, needs. To Try (probar, intentar): Try, tries.
To taste (probar): Taste, tastes.
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10. 28/02/2012
Possessives
My Mio
Your Tuyo
His/Her Suyo
Its Suyo neutro
Our nuestro
Your vuestro
Their de ellos
Franjas horarias
In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.
At Noon/Midday (AE-BE) (Medio dia), At night, At Midnight
Numbers
0 zero/oh (00=double oh) 1 One, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9
nine, 10 ten.
11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18
eigteen, 19 nineteen, 20 twenty. (21 twenty one, 22 twenty two, etc)
30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety, 100 one hundred/
a hundred.
1000 One thousand/ a thousand. 2012 two thousand and twelve/ twenty twelve
(20,12 se fracciona la cifra para agilizar pero solo para años.)
I talk a lot with my sister. A lot/lots se usa tanto para cosas contables como no
contables.
05/03/2012 - 06/03/2012
Recodarotiro de estructura correcta: I arrive to clase late (que, donde, cuando)
I come to my house in the evening.
I practice english at home every day.
They lisen to the song on the radio (a lisen siempre le sigue to)
I walk in the country on monday (los dĂas de la semana siempre precedidos de on)
(contry se traduce como campo o pais, campo de cultivo o de deporte se dice field)
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11. Veces se traduce como times. Dos veces two times, tres veces three times, etc. Una
vez se dice once time.
I think about my problems. (About significa a cerca de)
Eso creo se puede traducir como: I think so, o i believe so.
From X -> To Y (Desde aquĂ hasta aquĂ, se usa para preguntar direcciones)
Negatives
I/you donât
He/she/it doesnât
We/you/they donât
I am not/ Iâm not
You are not/ you arenât
He is not/ he isntât
She is not/she isnât
The students donât have a class
They
James doesnât speak spanish
He
Es importante observar que como el verbo ya esta conjugado en el auxiliar do al
principal no se le cambia la forma (se mantiene como speak, no cambia a speaks)
The students go to school on Sundays -> The students donât go to school on Sundays
I donât do any thing. I donât want to sing a song. I donât play any sports.
Nota: No es correcto poner dos negativos juntos en la misma frase.
Interrogative
To be: Am I?, Are you? Is he/she /it? Are we?, Are they?
Are you students? Am i a techaer? Whatâs your name? who are you?
ÂĄImportante recordar que en interrogativo el verbo siempre va delante!
You are techer -> Are you teacher?
El resto de verbos necesitan del auxiliar do.
10
12. Do you like oranges? Does she speak spanish? Do you arrive to the train in time?
Wich hotel?
Where are you?
When do you come?
Where are you coming from?
Where are you from?/Where do you come from? (AE)
Interrogative + negative
Don't you like the pizza?
Doesn't he speak spanish?
Presente continuo
Se usa para hablar del momento actual o de planes a corto plazo. No confundir con el
presente simple, que se usa para rutinas o hechos.
To be + ing
Iâm speaking/ iâm not speaking
Youâre listening / youâre not listening
He/She is playing/ Isnât playing
Iâm sitting/Iâm not sitting
Youâre listening/ you arenât listening
-What are you doing tonight?
-Iâm coking, Iâm studing, Iâm eating at home, Iâm diner, etc.
Nota: No usar âgoing toâŠâ ya que es una forma de futuro, El verbo go se conjuga
directo. Iâm going home.
La estructura correcta de una frase es Sujeto-Verbo-Donde-Cuando. Si hay mĂĄs de un
elemento de lugar y/o tiempo se ordena de menor a mayor.
Iâm Sleeping at home tonight.
Iâm meeting whit some friends to have a drink in a pub in a central park this evening.
-What are you doing on the weekend?
-I donâtâ know what Iâm doing on the weekend.
(En presente simple por que es un hecho, el resto en continuo por que es futuro)
1 persona = person, mĂĄs de una persona = people.
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13. Interrogativa negativa continua
Aren't you watching tv?
Isn't she drinking?
22/03/2012
Past Simple
To be
I Was
You Were
He/She/It Was
We Were
You Were
They Were
We were at the School in 1995.
The fridge was empty this morning.
Infinitive/Past (ver lista de verbos)
To be, Was/Were
To have, Had
To do, Did
To arrive, Arrived
To Live, Lived
I did the homework yesterday.
She arrived the last Monday.
It rained last night.
Past Negative
I Wasnât
You Werenât
He/She/It Wasnât
We Werenât
You Werenât
They Werenât
I wasnât good student.
You werenât in your house.
Did -> Did Not (abreviado Didnât)
You didnât study yesterday.
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14. I didnât have plans for holidays.
(El verbo mantiene la forma porque se conjuga el auxiliar Did)
Past Interrogative
Was I? Where you? Was He/She It? Where We/You/They?
Where you in your house this morning? Was I a good singer?
Notese que en interrogativo el verso se pone delante.
I was a good Singer -> Was I a good Singer?
El resto de verbos necesitan el uxiliar Did.
Did she watch the film yesterday?
Did I lose the keys?
Did we pass the test?
(El verbo mantiene la forma porque se conjuga el auxiliar Did)
Past interrogative negative
Didn't you like the film?
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15. Adjectives Order 02/04/2012
El sufijo âishâ tras un color forma un nuevo adjetivo: reddish, bluish, greenish, yellowish, orangish... (rojizo, azulado,
verdoso, amarillento, anarajado). Siempre de pequeño a grande: the books is on the table in the room. I have a
test at 10 A.M. on Monday.
Prepositions
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17. Past continuous 24/04/2012
Se forma con I was/were + ING. Se utiliza para una acciĂłn en un tiempo concreto.
-I was camping out in Easter.
-I was watching TV last night.
Para decir que una acciĂłn fue interrumpida se necesitan dos acciones, una larga
(was/were + ing) y la que se interrumpe.
-I was taking a shower when you arrived.
-I was watching tv when the kid cried.
Count Noncount 26/04/2012
Contables si podemos contarlo o si sabemos el numero exacto. Incontables si no se
pueden contar (por ejemplo agua). Algunas no coinciden con el español, por ejemplo
cake es incontable, el contble serĂa âa piece of cakeâ.
Some: Algunos (no sabemos numero exacto). Se usa en contables e incontables. Some
books, some apples, some cats. / Some water, some cake, some paper, some fish,
some money.
A lot: Mucho. Se usa en contables e incontables. A lot of books, a lot of money.
A few: Unos pocos, algunos. Se usa con contables. A few books.
Many: Muchos. Se usa en contables. Many books.
A little: Un poco. Se usa en incontables. A little money.
Much: Mucho. Se usa en incontables. Much money.
Excepciones al plural
Man-Men , Woman-Women, Tooth (diente) â Teeth, Foot-Feet, Mouse-Mice, Shelf
(estante)- Shelves, Leaf- Leves, Loaf (barra)-Loaves.
Los no contables no usan el artĂculo:
A bread -> A loaf of bread
A water -> A glass of water
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21. 03/12/2012
To do present simple
I do â do not (don't)
You do â do not (don't)
He/She/It does â does not (doesn't)
We/You/They do â do not (don't)
-Do you like italian food?
-Yes I do/No I don't = Yes I like italian food/No I don't like italian food.
Cuando se usa la tercera persona se conjuga el auxiliar en lugar del verbo:
-Does she live in Paris?
-Yes she does/No she doesn't = Yes, she lives in Paris/ No, she doesn't live in Paris.
Modal verbs
No utilizan Do como auxiliar:
-To be (ser/estar).
-To have got (tener).
-Can (poder).
-Must (deber -de boligaciĂłn-).
-May (poder refieriendose a pedir permiso -May I help you?-).
You are not a good friend (nunca you don't are).
Have you got a gar?.
Can I help you?.
You must not go out.
May I open the door?.
10/12/2012
To have
I have, You have, He/She/It has, we/you/they/have.
Al contrario que have got, si admite auxiliares. To have to significa âtener queâ, denota
obligaciĂłn.
Do you have a car?.
I have to study.
12/12/2012
Cuantitativos
Much â mucho, Many â Muchos.
A lot of â un montĂłn de.
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25. NACIONALIDADES E IDIOMAS
Countries Nationalities Language
Spain Spanish/Spaniard Spanish
Austria Austrian German
Australia Australian English
Russia Russian Russian
France French French
Portugal Portuguese Portuguese
Germany German German
Sweden (Suecia) Swedish Swedish
Switzerland (Suiza) Swiss Italian, French, German
Italy Italian Italian
Belgium Belgian Dutch, French
Holland Dutch Dutch
USA American English
Canada Canadian English, French
Ireland Irish English
The United Kingdom British English
-England
-Scotland
-Wales
-Northen Ireland
-Where are you from?/Where do you come from?
-Iâm from Spain/ I come from Russia
-What language do you speak?
-I speak Spanish
-What language does she speak?
-She speaks Russian
DIRECCIONES Y UBICACIONES
Go along: Seguir a lo largo. Go along this road.
Turn: Girar. Turn left, Turn right.
Over there: Por ahĂ.
Near the cinema, Next to the cinema. Opposite the cinema. In this street/ on this.
On the left/right.
MEDIDAS DE TIEMPO
DĂas de la semana (Days of the week): Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,
Friday, Saturday, Sunday. Los dĂas se dicen siempre preceididos de âonâ: On Sunday,
On Monday.
Meses del año (Months of the year): January, February, March, April, May, June, July,
August, September, October, November, December. Los meses llevan delante âinâ.
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