Quick session of a small topic from immunology to get it into your mind,in a click! Topic is taken from Kuby.

1. AUTOIMMUNITY

2. AUTOIMMUNITY
• A breakdown in the regulation of clonal anergy or suppression can
lead to activation of self-reactive clones of B cells and T cells
generating HIR or CMIR against self-antigens which can cause serious
damage to cells,tissue,organs.

3. CONTRIBUTION
• Paul Ehlrich researched
autoimmunity,but he specifically
rejected the possibility that an
organism's immune system
could attack organism's own
tissue calling it “horror
autotoxicus.”
Ironically it was Ehlrich's
student,Ernest Witebsky,who
demonstrated that
autoimmunity could cause
disease in humans.

4. INDUCTION OF AUTOIMMUNITY

5. AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
• Due to the failure of an organism in recognizing its own constituent
parts as non-self,which allows an immune response against its own
cells and tissues can cause disease which is termed as an
autoimmune disease

6. AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
•
ORGAN-SPECIFIC SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
DISEASE

7. ORGAN-SPECIFIC
Immune response directed to a target antigen unique to a single
organ or gland.
Organ maybe damaged by CMIR or HIR.
Antibodies may overstimulate and block the normal function of
target organ.

8. ORGAN-SPECIFIC
•
Direct cellular damage Stimulating or Blocking
mediated diseases auto-antibodies
eg- Hashimoto's disease eg- Grave's disease
Goodpasture's syndrome Myasthenia Gravis
Autoimmune anemias
Insulin-dependent Diabetes
mellitus

9. 1.CELLULAR DAMAGE MEDIATED
Hashimoto's disease
• production of autoantibodies
and sensitized TH1 cells specific
for thyroid antigen
antibodies are formed including
thyroglobulin and thyroid
peroxidase which helps in the
uptake of iodine
binding of autoantibody to
proteins interfere with the iodine
uptake leading to hypothyroidism

10. AUTOIMMUNE ANEMIA
• PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
• AUTO-IMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
• DRUG-INDUCED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

11. INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS
autoimmune attack on insulin
producing beta cells of pancreas
destruction of beta cells
increased level of blood glucose
Symptoms of diabetes mellitus-
ketoacidosis
increased urine production
In severe cases -
renal failure
blindness
death

12. 2.BLOCKAGE OF AUTOANTIBODIES
• GRAVE'S DISEASE MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

13. SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
 SLE(SYSTEMATIC LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSUS)
characterised by
fever,weakness,arthiritis(joint
pain),skinrashes,kidney
dysfunction.
Diagnosed by anitinuclear
antibodies which are directed
against ds or
ssDNA,nucleoprotein,histones and
nucleolar RNA.

14. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
• most common cause of
neurologic disability
• numbness in the limbs or severe
like loss of vision and paralysis
• production of autoreactive T
cells which leads to
inflammatory reactions
destroying myelin sheath of
nerve fibres

15. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
• major symptom is the chronic inflammation
of joints
• autoantibody binds to circulating IgG
• forming IgG-IgM complex which get deposited
in joints
• activates complement cascade
• type III hypersensitive reaction
• chronic inflammation of joints

16. WOMEN ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE THAN MEN
WHY?
• Women tend to have a higher level of CD4+ T cells and significantly
higher level of serum IgM
• Male hormones like estradiol and testosterone can alter the infection
while estrogen doesn't play a significant role in cause of either RA or
MS
• Female hormone estrogen can stimulate autoantibody production

17. ANIMAL MODELS
• NZB(NEW ZEALAND BLACK) and
NZW(NEW ZEALAND WHITE)
mice develop autoimmune that
closely resemble to SLE
• NOD(NONOBESE DIABETIC)
mouse which develops a form of
diabetes that resembles human
IDDM

18. TREATMENT
• IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS
corticosteroids
azathioprine
cyclophosphamide
• REMOVAL OF THYMUS
• PLASMAPHERESIS

19. THANKYOU