Jharkhand, agro climatic zones, rainfall patterns, abiotic stress, Jharkhand food security index, central north eastern plateau zones, western plateau zones, south eastern plateau zones

1. JHARKHAND
Agro-climatic Zones, Rainfall Patterns & Abiotic Stresses
( झारखण्ड के विभिन्न जलिायु क्षेत्र , िर्ाा प्रणाली एिं अजैविक दबाि )
Vijaykumar Shrivastav ( M.Sc.Ag - Agronomy)
G. B. Pant University of Ag & Tech, Pantnagar
Seed Professional – MNC (Seeds & Pesticides)
Mobile & WhatsApp - +919925318391

2. JHARKHAND IN BRIEF
( झारखण्ड की संछिप्त जानकारी )
- Jharkhand - 28th state of Indian Republic - 15th November, 2000.
- rich in mineral and natural resources.
- about 75 per cent people live in rural areas
- agriculture including allied enterprises is poorly developed.
- About 1/3 population of the state belongs to schedule tribes.
- Around 90 per cent of cultivable area is rain dependent (Rainfed)
- good rainfall and climate favorable for growing most of the agricultural and horticultural crops.
- South-west monsoon contributes nearly 85 per cent of rain water.
- Failure of Hathia rain leaves adverse impact on the reproductive phase of rainy season crops,
- The productivity of crops is low
- the state is deficient in food items to an extent of :
- 51% in food grains, 64 % in fruits, 24% in vegetables, 43% in milk,
- 97%per cent in fish, 55 % meat and 20 % in egg production.
- only one crop is taken during kharif season in most parts of the state and
- fallow lands account to about 25 per cent of the total geographical area of the state

3. Total geographical area - 79.70 lakh ha
Net sown area - 18.10 lakh ha (22.6 %)
Irrigation area - 2.05 lakh hectare (10.6 %)
State cropping intensity - 114 %
National cropping intensity - 134 %
Area under cultivation - 25.95 lakh ha
Forest area – 23 lakh ha ( 29%)
Fallow land - 20.98 lakh ha ( 26.3%)
Cultivable waste land – 2.7 lakh ha (3.45 %)
Jharkhand Agriculture – Basic Information
( झारखण्ड कृ वर् की मूलिूत जानकारी )

4. Food security index as published in Food Security Atlas of Rural Jharkhand by UN World Food Programme,
and Institute of Human Development (2008) for 18 districts of Jharkhand bears the testimony of such a poor
state of affair in the state
food security index (खाद्य सुरक्षा सूची)
Dhanbad Sahibganj Gumla Chatra
Ranchi Garhwa East Singhbhum
Koderma Lohardaga Giridih
Hazaribag West Singhbhum
Dumka Palamu
Godda Pakur
Deoghar
Bokaro
Secured
Moderately
insecured
Severely
insecured
Extremely
insecured

5. Jharkhand – Agro-climatic Zones
All the regions of the state are characterized by
- undulating terrain,
- non-existence of perennial rivers,
- erratic rainfall,
- low water retentive capacity of the soils,
- low ground water level,
- high soil erosion
- lack of soil and water conservation practices.
- insufficient agricultural, dairy and fishery activities
- mono-cropping,
- low agricultural productivity
- Pockets experiencing chronic drought conditions
- High seasonal unemployment in agriculture and
- acute poverty are rampant in all the three regions.
Jharkhand state falls under the agro-climatic zone VII (Eastern Plateau and Hilly region), which has been
further divided into three subzones. The state receives annual rainfall of 1200 – 1600 mm, about 82% of
annual rainfall occurs within monsoon season from mid June to September and the climate ranges from dry
semi humid to humid semi arid types.
1.कें द्रीय एवं उत्तर पूवी पठारी क्षेत्र
2.पश्चिमी पठारी क्षेत्र
3.दक्षक्षण पूिी पठारी क्षेत्र
झारखण्ड के कृ वर् जलिायु क्षेत्र
(झारखण्ड के कृ वर् जलिायु क्षेत्र)

6. Agro-climatic Zones & Covering Districts
(झारखण्ड के विभिन्न कृ वर् जलिायु क्षेत्रों के के अंतर्ात आने िाले
जजले )
Zones Category Zone Districts covers
Geographical
area
(Lakh ha)
Net Sown
area
( Lakh Ha )
Irrigated
area
(%)
Annual
rainfall
(mm)
Forest
area
(%)
7.1235.18 1270 1311.4
12.6
7.8
East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum and
Saraikela-Kharsawan
15.57 1400 24
8
2.95
Garhwa, Palamu, Latehar,Lohardaga,
Simdega, Gumla, and Khunti*
30.95 1246 33
Zone VI
Western Plateau Zones
South-Eastern Palateau
Zones
Central and North Eastern
Palateu Zones
Zone IV
Zone V
Chatra, Koderma,Hazaribag,
Ramgarh*,Bokaro, Dhanbad,
Giridih,Deoghar, Dumka, Pakur,Godda,
Jamtara, Sahibganj,and Ranchi

7. Characteristics – Rainfall Patterns- Abiotic stresses
(A) Central North-eastern Plateau zones (कें द्रीय एवं उत्तर पूवी पठारी क्षेत्र )
( a ) Characteristics : लक्षण
- humid and sub-humid tropical monsoon,
- Erratic and uneven distribution of rainfall - Late and early cessation of monsoon
- Coarse textured soils
- Crust formation on soil surface
- Low water retention capacity of soils specially in uplands
- Lack of safe runoff disposal during monsoon
- Lack of water harvesting systems and moisture conservation practices
- Drying of wells and water storage tanks impacting Rabi season crop production
- Main crops grown are Rice, Wheat, Maize, Ragi, Potato, Pegion pea, Rape seed & Mustard, Gram & pulses
( b ) Rainfall Pattern :
- The zone is having rainfed situation and highly depending on Monsoon rains which is erratic and
uneven distribution pattern
( c ) Abiotic stresses :
- Main abiotic stress is uncertainty of rainfall,
- Drought (Water deficit), extreme temperatures as cold, frost & heat, water logging / flooding,
- Salinity (sodicity) and mineral toxicity (metals & metalloids)
- impacting growth, development, yield and quality of crops grown
िर्ाा प्रणाली
अजैविक दबाि
( विभिन्न कृ वर् जलिायु क्षेत्रों के लक्षण ,िर्ाा प्रणाली एिं अजैविक दबाि )

8. Characteristics – Rainfall Patterns- Abiotic stresses
(B) Western Plateau zones
( a ) Characteristics :लक्षण
- humid to sub-tropical monsoon,
- Erratic and uneven distribution of rainfall
- Late and early cessation of monsoon
- Low water retention capacity of soils
- Lack of safe runoff disposal during monsoon
- Lack of soil and water conservation practices
- Main crops grown are Rice, Maize, Barley, Lentil, Seasamum, Ground nut, Potato, Pegion pea, Gram & pulses
( b ) Rainfall Pattern :
- The zone is having high rainfall status enabling rice cultivation but totally depending on Monsoon rains which is
erratic and uneven distribution pattern
( c ) Abiotic stresses :
- Main abiotic stress is low fertility status of soil,
- impacting growth, development, yield and quality of crops grown
( पश्चिमी पठारी क्षेत्र )
िर्ाा प्रणाली
अजैविक दबाि
( विभिन्न कृ वर् जलिायु क्षेत्रों के लक्षण , िर्ाा प्रणाली एिं अजैविक दबाि )

9. Characteristics – Rainfall Patterns- Abiotic stresses
(C) South Eastern Plateau zones
( a ) Characteristics : लक्षण
- humid to sub-tropical monsoon,
- Uneven distribution of rainfall
- Late and early cessation of monsoon
- Eroded soils, shallow soil depth & poor fertility of soils
- Low water holding capacity of soils
- Main crops grown are Rice, Wheat, Ragi, Pegion pea & Linseed
( b ) Rainfall Pattern :
- The zone is having uneven rainfall status, some rivers whose water is used for irrigation purpose
( c ) Abiotic stresses :
- Main abiotic stress is poor soils with low fertility,
- impacting growth, development, yield and quality of crops grown
( दक्षक्षण पूिी पठारी क्षेत्र )
िर्ाा प्रणाली
( विभिन्न कृ वर् जलिायु क्षेत्रों के लक्षण , िर्ाा प्रणाली एिं अजैविक दबाि )
अजैविक दबाि

10. 1. Rain water harvesting, Conservation and Enhancing water use efficiency
2. Bringing additional land under net sown area
3. Amelioration of acidic soils
4. Crop Diversification in upland
5. Rice Fallow Management
6. Horticulture improvement
7. Secondary Agriculture, Post-harvest and Value addition
The concerted efforts are required for :
( सजममभलत प्रयास की आिश्यकता )

11. THANK YOU !
SEE YOU AGAIN SHORTLY !
Youtube Channel Name: “JOURNEY WITH VIJAYKUMAR SHRIVASTAV”
published contents :
1. Seed Science and Technology – Basics
Link : https://youtu.be/JxCJnmq3o8s
2. Seed Development Programs & Seed and Agricultural Organizations
Link :
3. Principles of Hybrid seed Production
Link : https://youtu.be/6TvYhv4XG8c
4. An Introduction to Agriculture and Agronomy
Link : https://youtu.be/HM0WMe5X228
https://youtu.be/kWBc2Eobdxc
VIJAY KUMAR SHRIVASTAV