This document summarizes the evolution of telecommunication technologies from 1G to 5G. It describes the key features of each generation including available data rates, frequency bands used, technologies employed, and network architectures. The transitions from 1G to 2G brought cellular communication and digital networks, while 3G enabled higher speed mobile broadband. 4G saw further increased speeds through LTE and WiMAX standards. 5G is currently being deployed with the goal of multi-Gbps data rates through technologies like massive MIMO and new millimeter wave frequency bands.

1. EVOLUTION OF
TELECOMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
BY:-
VIVEK ANAND

2. FIRST GENERATION(1G)
Most popular 1G System during 1982 at Bell labs.
Also known as Advanced Mobile Phone System(AMPS).
The idea here was to divided the geographical Areas into cells.
Frequency:-850MHZ
Bandwidth:-2.4KBPS
Speed:-2Kbps
Access System:-FDMA.
Switching technique:-Circuit Switching.
Core Network:-PSTN(public switched telephone network).

3. SECOND GENERATION(2G)
Most popular 2G System during 1991 at Finland.
Based on GSM(Global System for Mobile).
Deliver data rate of 5kB/s.
Frequency:-900 and 1800MHZ
Bandwidth:-30-200KHZ
Technology:-GSM.
Speed:-64Kbps
Access System:-TDMA,CDMA.
Switching technique:-Circuit Switching for voice and PS for data.
Core Network:-PSTN(public switched telephone network).

4. FIRST GENERATION(2.5G)
Most popular 2.5G System during 1995.
Based on GPRS(General Packet Radio Serving ).
Data transfer at the rate of 160kb/s.
Frequency:-Same as 2G
Bandwidth:-384Kbps
Technology:-GPRS.
Speed:-115kbps
Access System:-CDMA.
Switching technique:-Packet Switching.
Core Network:-PSTN(public switched telephone network).

5. SECOND GENERATION(2.7G)
Most popular 2.7G System during 1997.
Deliver data rate of 500kB/s Using same GPRS Infrastructure.
Uses 8PSK Modulation.
Frequency:-same as 2G
Technology:-GSM.
Speed:-239kbps
Access System:-CDMA.
Core Network:-PSTN(public switched telephone network).

6. THIRD GENERATION PARTNERSHIP
PROJECT(3GPP)
Most popular 3G was on developing phase ,using W-CDMA.
During Year 1999,UMTS(Universal mobile telecommunication system).
In year 2000, Governing bodies formed 3GPP standard and it’s govern by
ITU-R(International Telecommunication Union Radio communication
Sector.

7. THIRD GENERATION (3G)
In year 2000.
Release 99.
The goal was to provide data rate of minimum 2mbits/sec for stationary and
384kb/s for moving user.
Based on spread spectrum radio transmission technology.
Data transfer at the rate of 3megabits/s.
Frequency:-800,850,900,1700,1900MHZ
Bandwidth:-5MHZ
Technology:-W-CDMA.
Speed:-2Mbps
Access System:-CDMA.
Switching technique:-Packet Switching.
Core Network:-Packet Network.

8. RELEASE
Release 4 (2001):-
Provide efficient use of IP.
This was the key Enabler for 3G HSDPA(High speed downlink packet
Access).
Release 5 (2002):-
It include core of HSDPA.
Provide reduced delay for downlink.
Provide data rate of 14MB/s.
Release 6 (2004):-
This include core of HSUPA(High speed uplink packet Access).
Reduce latency (delay).
Provide uplink data rate of 5.7mb/s.

9. Release 7 :-
This 3GPP standard include downlink MIMO operation as well as
support higher order modulation(to 64 QAM).
In year 2007 HSPA+(Evolved high speed packet Access has been
introduced in 3GPP Release 7.
Provide data rate up to 28mbits/s in downlink.
Provide data rate up to 11mb/s in uplink.
Release 8(was completed on 2007):-
• Reduced delay, for both connection establishment and transmission latency.
• Increased user data throughput.
• Increased cell.
 Release 9 was deployed by organization in 2009

10. FOURTH GENERATION(4G)
Most popular 4G System during 2010 .
Deliver data rate of 150MB/s download and 50 Mbit/sec for upload.
Frequency:-700MHZ,1.7/2.1GHZ,2.3,2.5GHZ
Bandwidth:-20MHZ
Technology:-LTE,WIMAX.
Speed:-1Gbps
Access System:-CDMA.
Switching technique:- Packet Switching.
Core Network:-Internet.

11. SUBSEQUENT RELEASE FROM( RELEASE 10-RELEASE 13) MULTIPLE
SERVICES ARE:-
Multicell HSDPA.
HETNET
Carrier Aggregation
Massive MIMO

12. FIFTH GENERATION(5G)
Most popular 5G System during 2018.
Based on OFDM(Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing).
Deliver data rate faster then 4G.
Frequency:-300GHZ
Bandwidth:-40MHZ
Technology:-MIMO.
Speed:-10Gbps
Access System:-OFDMA.
Switching technique:-Packet Switching .
Core Network:-Internet.