This document discusses residuals produced from industrial wastewater treatment and options for managing and disposing of them. Major residuals include sludge, concentrate/brines, spent resins, and air emissions. The appropriate disposal option depends on the waste characteristics and regulatory requirements. Disposal options for liquids include discharge to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW), underground injection, or direct discharge. For solids, options include landfill disposal depending on whether the waste is hazardous or contains radionuclides. The document provides detailed guidelines for selecting a disposal method based on waste and site-specific conditions.

1. RESIDUALS OF INDUSTRIAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
P18EEE0006 – INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
-presented by
VIJAYA SUBRAMANIAM P R
M.E Environmental Engineering
Kumaraguru College of
Technology, Coimbatore.

2. RESIDUALS
 Wastewater treatment plant produces a wide variety
of waste products while treating water.
 These residuals may be organic and inorganic
compounds in liquid, solid, and gaseous forms.
 It depends on the source of raw water, its
characteristics and the type of treatment processes.

3. Major Residuals From Wastewater
Treatment Plant
 SLUDGE : Sedimentation, Coagulation, Filter backwashing operations.
 CONCENTRATE (Brines) : Membrane reject water and spent backwash.
 Ion exchange resins, spent granular activated carbon (GAC), and spent
filter media.
 AIR EMISSION : from aeration tank, VOC’s other gaseous pollutants like
methane, ammonia and hydrogen sulphide in the air surrounding the
waste treatment.

4. RESIDUAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Characterize
the waste
Appropriate
regulatory
requirement
Disposal options
Residual
treatment
technologies
Residual
management
strategy

5. DISPOSAL OPTION DEPENDS ON:
 Waste characteristics.
• Liquid or solid
• Type and concentration of contaminants
• Classification of waste
 Regulatory requirement.
 Disposal facilities.

6. DISPOSAL OPTION
RESIDUALS Direct
Discharge
Discharge to
Treatment
Facilities
Underground
Injection
Landfill
Liquids
Sludge
Spent
Resins/Media
Spent
Membranes

7. No No
No
No
No
Yes
Is there access to a
receiving body?
Is underground injection
available?
Does the liquid meet
POTW discharge
requirements?
Will the POTW accept
the residual waste?
Is discharge to a
POTW the most cost-
effective or practical
(or only) option?
Secure a permit from
the state.
Discharge to POTW.
Secure a permit from
the state.
Direct discharge.
Would the system’s
discharge cause
interference at the
POTW?
Is direct discharge
the most cost-
effective or practical
(or only) option?
Does the liquid
meet direct
discharge
requirements ?
Is the liquid considered
radioactive and/or
hazardous?
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Is there access to
POTW?
Would injection to
well be the most
cost-effective or
practical (or/only)
option?
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Waste minimization
methods or other
disposal options.
No
Yes
LIQUID RESIDUAL DISPOSAL
Discharge to Injection well.
Inject into class V
injection wells.
Inject into class I
injection wells.

8. Identify the quality and
quantity of the residual
Are there free liquids?
Use intermediate
processing to separate
out the liquids
Dispose in a hazardous waste
landfill
Dispose in a
municipal landfill
Sludge, Resin,
Granular Media,
Spent Membranes
Does the waste
contain radionuclides?
Yes
Dispose of liquid
residuals
Dispose in a industrial,
hazardous waste,
radioactive waste landfill.
Does the waste
contain
radionuclides?
No
Is the waste
hazardous?
No
SOLIDS RESIDUAL DISPOSAL
No
No Yes
Yes
Dispose in a landfill licensed to
accept radioactive and
hazardous waste
Yes

9. REFERENCE
 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT RESIDUAL MANAGEMENT
http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/pdf/dw/publications/ontap/2009_tb/water_treat
ment_DWFSOM49.pdf
 INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT HANDBOOK.
 INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL MANUAL.