A disposal site where solid waste, such as paper, glass, and metal, is buried between layers of dirt and other materials in such a way as to reduce contamination of the surrounding land.

1. K. SANDEEP
S. DEEPAK

2.  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
 LAND-FILLS
 REGULATIONS OF LAND-FILLS
 LEACHATE
 LEACHATE TREATMENT
CONTENTS

3.  Waste Management is defined as the discipline associated with control
of generation, storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing and
disposal of waste materials in a way that match with the best principles
of public health, conservation, economics, aesthetic, engineering and
other environmental considerations.
 In its scope, solid waste management includes planning,
administrative, financial, engineering and legal functions in the process
of solving problems arising from waste materials.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

4.  Generation of waste
 Waste minimization
 Waste removal
 Waste transportation
 Waste treatment
 Recycling and reuse
 Storage, collection, transport, and transfer
 Treatment
 Landfill disposal
 Environmental considerations
 Financial and marketing aspects
 Policy and regulation
 Education and training
 Planning and implementation.
Issues relating to waste management include:

5. A disposal site where solid waste, such as paper, glass, and metal, is
buried between layers of dirt and other materials in such a way as to
reduce contamination of the surrounding land.
There are four critical elements in a secure landfill: a bottom liner, a
leachate collection system, a cover, and the natural hydrogeologic
setting.
The natural setting can be selected to minimize the possibility of wastes
escaping to groundwater beneath a landfill.
WHAT IS A LAND-FILL ?

7.  Natural and synthetic liners may be utilized
as both a collection device and as a means for
isolating leachate within the fill to protect the
soil and groundwater below.
 There are several types of liners used in
leachate control and collection. These types
include geomembranes, geosynthetic clay
liners, geotextiles, geogrids, geonets, and
geocomposites.
 The liner must have high tensile strength,
flexibility, and elongation without failure. It is
also important that the liner resist abrasion,
puncture, and chemical degradation by
leachate. Lastly, the liner must withstand
temperature variation and be black (to resist
UV light), easily installed, and economical.
LINERS IN LAND-FILL

9.  Sites are chosen which are above the groundwater table, and which are not in
permeable rock (such as limestone) where groundwater moves easily .
 Landfills may not be sited on floodplains, wetlands, earthquake fault zones, unstable
land, or near airports (birds attracted to the site present a hazard to aircraft).
 Monitoring wells are dug in groundwater zone and vadose zone to check for
contaminant leakage.
 Percolation of precipitation through the waste is minimized by covering waste daily
with clay and then compacting... this also minimizes windblown waste removal.
 Gases (methane, ammonia) are collected by wells... and in some cases burned for
energy production.
 Landfill operators must monitor groundwater for many specified toxic chemicals.
 Landfill operators must meet financial assurance criteria through posted bonds or
insurance to ensure that monitoring continues for 30 years after closure of the
landfill.
REGULATIONS OF LAND-FILL

10.  . Leachate can be defined as a liquid that passes through a landfill and
has extracted dissolved and suspended matter from it. Leachate results
from precipitation entering the landfill from moisture that exists in the
waste when it is composed.
 Leachate generation is a major problem for municipal solid waste
(MSW) landfills and causes significant threat to surface water and
groundwater.
 Solid waste landfills may cause severe environmental impacts if
leachate and gas emissions are not controlled. Leachate generated in
municipal landfill contains large amounts of organic and inorganic
contaminants.
WHAT IS LEACHATE ?

12.  Leachate is characterized by high values of COD, pH, ammonia nitrogen and
heavy metals, as well as strong color and bad odor.
 The characteristics of the leachate also vary with regard to its composition
and volume, and biodegradable matter present in the leachate against time
and all these factors make leachate treatment difficult and complicated.
 The leachate composition from the transfer station can vary depending on
several factors, including the degree of compaction, waste composition,
climate and moisture content in waste.
 Leachate may also have a high concentration of metals and contain some
hazardous organic chemicals. The removal of organic material based on COD,
BOD and ammonium from leachate is the usual prerequisite before
discharging the leachates into natural waters .
CHARACTHERISTICS OF LEACHATE

13.  The leachate drainage system is responsible
for the collection and transport of the leachate
collected inside the liner. The pipe
dimensions, type, and layout must all be
planned with the weight and pressure of
waste.
 The collection pipe network of a leachate
collection system drains, collects, and
transports leachate through the drainage
layer to a collection sump where it is removed
for treatment or disposal.
 The pipes also serve as drains within the
drainage layer to minimize the mounding of
leachate in the layer. These pipes are designed
with cuts that are inclined to 120 degrees,
preventing entry of solid particles.
LEACHATE COLLECTION SYSTEM

14.  Various treatment alternatives are applied for leachate treatment, such
as: leachate transfer, biodegradation, chemical and physical methods,
membrane processes .
 Microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis are
the most commonly used membrane processes for leachate treatment .
 Reverse osmosis is one of the most promising and efficient methods
among the new processes for landfill leachate treatment.
LEACHATE TREATMENT

15.  Reverse osmosis (RO) is a filtration process which dewaters aqueous solutions such as landfill
leachate by the application of an elevated pressure which causes water to diffuse through the
polymeric membrane. The membrane is impervious to large molecules (the contaminant
compounds), but allows very small molecules (primarily water) to pass through. RO is a non-
thermal process and since no phase change occurs, it is energy-efficient.
 Liquid flow within the system is tangential to the filtration surface thus inhibiting the formation of
deposits, ensuring the maintenance of a high processing capacity. Residual inorganic and non-
degradable organic compounds are removed by RO. A high ammonia rejection rate is ensured
through acidification of the RO feed.
 The first stage uses open tubular membranes which can handle large quantities of suspended
material without blockage or damage; later stages use spiral-wound membranes which
economically treat the solids-free leachate (permeate).
 The RO concentrated leachate can be recycled to the landfill or, further treated by evaporation and
drying. Typically, 75~80% of the RO feed is recovered as water fit for discharge to surface waters.
REVERSE OSMOSIS

16. PARAMETER RAW LEACHATE PRE TREATED
LEACHATE
pH 4.3 7.5
CHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND ( COD)
10040 9200
BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND ( BOD )
7500 7200

17.  Reduces pollutants and contaminants
 Meets local water discharge legislation
 Increases efficiency & effectiveness of biological treatment systems
 Provides a cost effective means of treating leachate with minimum
space requirements
 Treats a variety of leachate types
 Designed to meet specific site demands e.g. fluctuations in volumes and
composition factors combined result in significant savings in space.
ADVANTAGES OF RO PROCESS

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