Power Plant

1. Power Plant Engineering
MCD 658 Diploma Plant Engineering
School of Mechanical Engineering
Diploma Plant Engineering
Fiji National University Uraia R Moceleka
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2. Topic 1: Fundamental of Power Plant
• Introduction
• Factors affecting selection of
sites
• Principal types of power plant
• Layout of stream, hydel, diesel,
nuclear and gas turbine
• Combine power cycles
• Present and future trends
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3. Energy or Power
• Critical, directly or indirectly, in the entire process of evolution,
growth and survival of all living beings.
• Power is a strategic commodity.
• Emphasis is given to generate power by utilizing various sources of
environmentally friendly energy.
• Acquiring the fundamental aspects of power generation is a must for
everyone.
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4. Introduction to the Sources of Energy
• Renewable energy sources
Produced by nature and are inexhaustible.
direct solar radiation utilized by solar collectors and cells.
Indirect solar energy – wind, hydrogen, ocean energy and sustainable
biomass resources.
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5. • Non-Renewable Energy Sources
These are either available in nature or produced by man artificially.
Exhaustible and non renewable.
Nuclear power and fossil fuels.
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6. Advantages of Renewable Sources
• They are produced by nature and considered as inexhaustible.
• Pollution free, and hence eco-friendly.
• Utilized properly in developing countries, they can save a lot of
foreign exchange and generate employment opportunities.
• Deployment is easy and rapid due to flexibility in their utilization.
• Economical when considered over a longer period of time.
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7. Disadvantage
• Their availability is intermittent and hence need the assistance of
nonrenewable energy.
• Complete commercialization is difficult on a larger scale.
• Initial cost is high due to the newer technologies used, which are still
at preliminary stages
• Sources are not evenly spread across the globe.
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8. Conventional Energy Sources
• Commercial forms of energy:
Fossil fuel that may be in solid, liquid or gases forms.
Water power or energy stored in water.
Nuclear energy.
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9. Commonly used commercial energy sources
• Coal
• Oil
• Gas
• Agricultural and Organic wastes
• Water
• Nuclear Power
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10. Non-Conventional Energy Sources
• Solar energy
• Wind Energy
• Energy from biomass and biogas
• Energy from oceans
• Tidal Energy
• Wave energy conversion
• Geothermal energy
• Hydrogen energy
• Fuel cell
• Thermionic converter
• Thermoelectric power
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11. Factors affecting Selection of Site
Steam Power Plant
Availability of fuel
Transportation facilities
Availability of land
Supply of water
Availability of labors
Distance from populated area
Nearness to load center
Climatic Condition
Availability of funds
Geology and soil type
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12. Hydro-Electric Power Plant
 Hydrological
 Topographical
 Geological
Hydrological
• Water availability
• Water storage
• Water head
• Ground water data
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13. • Topological investigation
• Geological
Light basin of ample size
Narrow outlet requiring a dam of less volume
Strong foundation to support dam structure
Safe and ample spill way to dispose surplus water
Water should not submerge valuable mineral and agricultural land
Availability of material in constructing the dam
Distance from load center
Accessability
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14. • Cosideration of water pollution
effects
• Effects of water pollution
• Damaged to dam structure and
fitting
• Damage electrical machinery
• Health and hazard to operating
personnel
• Sedimentation effect
• Environment aspects of site
selection
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15. Factors affecting the selection of nuclear
Power Plant
• Availability of cooling water
• Transportation facilities
• Distance from load center
• Safety
• Radioactive waste and disposal facility
• Foundation requirement
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16. Principal types of power plant
• Hydroelectric
• Thermal
• Nuclear
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17. Layout of steam
Turbine Plant
Four important system:
• Coal and ash handling
• Air and flue gas system
• Cooling water system
• Feed water and steam
generation
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18. Layout of hydro
electric
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19. Plant Layout of Diesel
Engine Plant
 Generating units are installed
parallel with parallel lines.
 Sufficient space must be
provided around various units
for dismantling and repairing
purposes.
 Fuel storage must be located
outside the building
 Engine room must be
provided with proper
ventilation.
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