its a power point presentation of non-conventional energy sources

1. CREATED BY :-
UTKARSH PATEL (170010114038)
KRISHNA PATEL (170010114031)
DIVYA MODHAVADIYA (170010114019)
SUBMITTED TO :- Vishal Sir

3. Non-Conventional Energy Source
• The energy sources which are capable of being
replaced by natural processes are called “non-
conventional” or “renewable energy sources”.
• These natural resources are inexhaustible and can
be used to produce energy again and again. They
are also called “alternative energy sources”.
• They are called non-conventional sources of
energy because they were not used traditionally
or conventionally in power generating system.

4. CONTI…
• Important non-conventional energy sources
1. Solar Energy
2. Wind Energy
3. Hydropower Energy
4. Biomass Energy
5. Tidal Energy
6. Geothermal Energy
7. Hydrogen Energy & Fuel Cells

5. 1. Solar Energy
• The sun is s source of solar energy.
• It is a large hydrogen reactor in which continuous nuclear fusion
reaction produce enormous amount of energy, in the form of solar
radiations.
• This energy reaches the earth surface as electromagnetic radiation
which contains both light and heat energy.
• The solar energy consists of mainly ultraviolet, visible and infrared
radiation.
• The sun is 150 million kilometers away from the earth and its rays
travel this path and lose most of their energy while travelling.
• Only 4% of the total solar energy reaches the earth, which is
approximately 1 kwh per sq. m of flat land on the earth’s surface.

7. Application of Solar Energy
 Solar water heating
 Solar cookers
 Solar space heating-green house, buildings, etc.
 Solar drying of agricultural & animal product
 Solar distillation - for water purifying
 Solar furnaces
 Running solar water pump
 Traffic signals, street lights, solar lanterns.
 Solar power plants – to generate electricity
 Photovoltaic cells or solar cells – for electricity in remote
areas, power watches calculators.

8. • Advantages of Solar Energy
o Easy installation and maintenance.
o Free from pollution.
o Solar energy is also noise free.
o PV cells are often used in remote location that are not connected to the
electric grid.
o Solar energy can be convert to thermal energy and use in many forms.
• Disadvantages of Solar Energy
o Uncertainty of availability of solar energy due to clouds, wind, rainfall, etc.
o Initial cost is higher.
o Commercially not available.
o Less acceptability amongst common people.
o Day & night cycle imposes limitation on continuous collection of solar
energy.
o More surface area is required for collection of solar radiations.
o Incoming radiation of sun depends upon location and topography of place.

9. 2. Wind Energy
• Wind is essentially air in motion.
• It is caused by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the
sun.
• The kinetic energy possessed by moving air is proportional to the
wind speed.
• Installation of wind power mills requires such location where
wind speed is more than 6.5 m/sec.
• Acc. to the department of non-conventional energy
sources(DNCES)in India, the total wind energy potential is about
6000 Mw is located in tamilnadu and 5000Mw is located in
Gujarat. But India has been able to harness only 2000 Mw.
• In Gujarat wind farms have been located at mandvi-kutch &
lambha near Dwarka.

11. Application of Wind Energy
• To generate electricity through wind mills.
• To run water pumps to supply water for
irrigation fields.
• To run flour mill for grinding grains.
• To run any machine without use of electric
power.

12. Advantages of Wind Energy
• Completely non-polluting sources of energy.
• Initial investment is moderate.
• Easy and quick construction.
• Operation and maintenance costs are smaller.
• Generation is cheaper.
• Mostly used in hilly and coastal areas.
• No raw material is required.
• Wind energy farms can be installed in a highly
decentralized manner.
• Land below the turbines can be utilized for
growing crops and stock grazing.

13. Disadvantages of Solar Energy
• Location must have high wind speed (>6.5 m/sec)
• Direction of wind are continuously changing.
• Motion of wind is variable and unsteady.
• Steady winds are needed. Otherwise the power
production rate will not be uniform and sometime
production becomes intermittent.
• Noise produced by the turbine makes it unsuitable for
installation in populated localities/cities.
• Located only in vast open areas.
• High wind speed during thunderstorm may seriously
damage the system.

14. 3. Hydropower Energy
• Hydropower energy is the cheapest, neat and
clean source of energy harnessed by human
civilization since its earlier days in the form of
water wheels.
• An hydroelectric power plant harnesses power
form of flowing under water.
• Electrical generators driven by water turbine
represent the use of hydro energy as electricity.
• Potential energy is first converted in to
mechanical energy by turbine which are couple
with generator to produce electricity.

16. Advantages of Hydropower Energy
• Longer life
• Minimum operating staff
• Can be started very quickly and stopped also
• Save scarce fuel reserves
• Non polluting and hence environmental friendly.
• Low cost of generation and maintenance
• Storage based hydro schemes provide benefits of
irrigation drinking water supply, navigation,
recreation etc.

17. Disadvantages of Hydropower Energy
1. Land Acquisition: Land acquisition is the major problem as
construction of dam causes large submergence of land. Many political,
regional and social hurdles comes in the process of land acquisition.
2. Environmental Aspects: It accounts for the main bottleneck in project
approval. It takes 2 to 5 years to get forest and Environment clearance.
3. Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation and resettlement of displaced people is
a major problem associated to any hydropower project.
4. Seismic Activity: Weight of the stored water behind the dam can
increase the seismic activity in the area. Increase in seismic activity
can cause damage to the dam itself and can unleash large scale floods.
5. Initial Investment: Requires large scale initial investment.
6. Other Problems are : Lack of motivation, Non-availability of
sophisticated equipment, labor problem , delay in supplies and
disputes over the contractual costs create several hindrances.

18. 4. Biomass Energy
• Biomass, defined as living matter or its
residue.
• It includes all the new plants growth, residues
and wastes, algae, agricultural and forest
residues, wastes, biodegradable organic
effluence form industries like sugar, slaughter
house, meat packing plants, distilleries etc.

20. Conti…
• Biomass resources fall into three categories:
o Biomass in its traditional solid mass (wood and
agricultural residue)
o Biomass in non traditional form (converted to liquid
fuels)
o To ferment the biomass anaerobically to obtain a
gaseous fuel called biogas.
o Biomass 55 to 65%
30 – 40%
Rest – Impurities
i.e.
4CH
2CO
222 ,, NSHH

21. Sources of Biomass Energy
• Sewage
• Crop residue
• Vegetable residue
• Water hyacinth
• Poultry droppings
• Algae
• Ocean keep
• Cattle waste

22. Advantages of Biomass Energy
• Plants ensures a continuous supply of energy due
to their continuous growth.
• Potential for rural areas.
• Biogas can be used for cooking purpose.
• For operating small engines for pumping water
• For lighting
• Wastes can be use as an excellent fertilizer
Disadvantages of Biomass Energy
• Except biogas production, the other
biomass energy sources have be
establish a signification

23. 5. Tidal Energy
• Tidal are formed due to the gravitational effect of the
sun and moon on the earth.
• Gravitational force causes a periodic rise and fall of the
water level of sea in rhythm with the daily of the rising
and setting of sun and the moon
• This periodic rise and fall, called a tide, can be used to
produce electric power which in this case is known as
tidal power.
• Tidal energy has great potential in areas like the gulf of
Kutch in Gujarat, gulf of Cambay & sunderaban area of
west Bengal where the height of the tide is sufficient
for construction & economical functioning of tidal
power plants.

25. CONTI…..
• The tidal energy can be harnessed by
constructing a tidal barrage.
• During the high tide, the sea water flows into
the reservoir of the barrage, this turns the
turbine to produce electricity.
• Under the low tide water from the reservoir
flows back into the sea and turns the turbine
to generate electricity.

26. 6. Geothermal Energy
• Geothermal energy is the energy which lies
embedded within the earth’s crust.
• All the heat stored in the earth’s crust and
thermal energy constitutes inexhaustible
source of energy termed as geothermal
energy.

28. • Advantages of Geothermal Energy
o Most versatile
o Least polluting source.
o Inexpensive
o Provide steady base load power with very low variable costs
o High power generation than for solar and wind.
• Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy
o Overall efficiency for power production is quite low (15%) as
compared to fossil fuels (35 to 40%)
o Air pollution result in case of release of gases present in the
steam & hot water coming out of the geothermal resource
discharge in to surface water bodies may be ecologically
hazardous.
o Drilling operation at sites causes noise pollution

29. Application of Geothermal Energy
• Geothermal power plants are generally built
where geothermal reservoirs are located with
in a mile or two of the surface.
• Geothermal heat pumps use stable ground or
water temperature near the earth’s surface to
control building temperatures above ground

30. 7. Hydrogen Energy & Fuel Cells
• One of the most important features of hydrogen energy is that it
can be produced from water which is available in nature.
• It has the highest energy content per unit mass than any
chemical fuel.
• It can be substituted for hydrocarbons in a board range of
applications, often with increased combustion efficiency.
• It is non polluting & can be used in fuel cells to produce
electricity and heat
• Fuel cell: It operates like a battery. A fuel cell requires no
recharging. It will produce energy in the form of electricity and
heat. It is an electrochemical energy conversion device that
converts hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing electricity
and heat in the process.

32. • Advantages of Hydrogen Energy & Fuel Cells
o Less pollution, low noise so it is acceptable to
residential areas
o High operating efficiency as it dose not involve
thermal process
o Unit is lighter, smaller and needs less
maintenance
• Disadvantages of Hydrogen Energy & Fuel Cells
o Low voltage
o High initial cost
o Low service life