The document provides an overview of essential oils, including their sources, chemical constituents, extraction methods, and applications. It discusses both traditional methods such as hydrodistillation and steam distillation, as well as innovative techniques like supercritical fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. The document concludes by highlighting the significance of essential oils in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food flavoring.

1. welcome
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2. Seminar -1
PFE 581
Uooha H S
PALB 6348
Dept of Agril Engg
Techniques for extraction of essential oils
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3. • Introduction
• Sources of Essential oils
• Chemical constituents
• Extraction methods
• Uses of Essential oils
• Applications
• Case studies
• Conclusion
• References
Contents
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4. Essential oils are Plant-based volatile oils with strong
aromatic components made up of different chemical compounds.
INTRODUCTION
Ex; Alcohols, Hydrocarbons, Phenols, Aldehydes, Esters And Ketones .
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5. Essential oil
An essential oil is concentrated Hydrophobic liquid containing
volatile aroma compounds from the plant.
They are also known as Aromatic oils, Fragrant
oils, Steam volatile oils, or simply as the “Oil of"
the plant material.
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6. Flowers Leaves Leaves And Stems Fruits
Rose Mint Geranium Bergamot
Jasmine Ocimum Spp Patchouli Orange
Carnation Lemongrass Petitgrain Lemon
Clove Jamrosa Cinnamon Juniper
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Sources Of Natural Essential Oil

7. • Characteristic Odor.
• Soluble In Organic Solvents.
• Specific Gravity Between 0.8-1.17.
• Sensitive To Heat And Light.
• Optically active
Physical Properties Of Essential Oils
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8. • Complex mixtures of Terpenes, Phenolics and Alcohols.
• EO are highly complex include oxygenated compounds.
• Oxygenated derivatives of hydrocarbon terpenes such as
• Aldehydes, Ketones,
• Alcohols, Phenols,
• Acids, Ethers and Esters.
Chemical Constituents Of
Essential Oils
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9. 9
Market Value Of Essential Oil

10. Health Benefits
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12. Essential Oils Extraction Methods
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Hydrodistillation (HD)
Steam distillation (SD)
Solvent extraction
Soxhlet extraction
Cold pressing

13. • Traditional method for removal of essential oils.
• To isolate EO from aromatic and medicinal plant.
• The EO are evaporated by heating a mixture of water and plant material
• The setup comprises also a condenser and a decanter.
• Distillation time depends on the plant material
Types of hydrodistillation:
• Water immersion,
• Direct vapor injection and
• Combination of water immersion and vapor injection.
Hydrodistillation (HD)
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14. Components
• Still
• Condenser
• Separater
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Fig.Hydrodistillation

15. • One of Ancient and Officially approved method.
• For Temperature-sensitive plant such as natural aromatic compounds.
• The plant materials charged in the alembic are subjected to the steam
without maceration in water.
Steam Distillation
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Fig.Steam Distillation

17. • Liquid–liquid extraction or partitioning.
• Based on Solubility of its parts
• EO recovery is more.
• Used in perfumes, vegetable oil, or biodiesel.
• It is used to produce higher amounts of essential oils at a lower cost
Solvent extraction
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Fig.Solvent extraction

19. • Designed for the extraction of lipids.
• Desired compound has a limited solubility in a solvent.
• It involves solid-liquid contact for the removal of one or several
compounds from a solid.
Soxhlet Extraction
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20. • It is also known as scarification method
• It is a method of mechanical extraction.
• The term cold press means oil is expeller-pressed at low temperatures
and pressure.
• Best methods to extract essential oils.
• 100% pure and retains all the properties.
• It is mainly used for plants, flower, seeds, lemon, tangerine oils.
Cold Pressing method
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Fig.Cold Pressing method

22. Disadvantages of traditional method
• Thermal ability
• Extraction time is long
• Chemical alterations
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23. Innovative Techniques Of Essential Oils
Extraction (Non-Traditional)
New extraction techniques must also reduce
• Extraction time
• Energy consumption
• Solvent use and
• Co2 emissions
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24. Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)
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25. • Separation is done by using Supercritical Fluids as the extracting
solvent.
• Extraction is usually from a solid matrix, but can also be from liquids.
• In practice, more than 90% of all (SFE) is performed with carbon
dioxide (CO2).
• Higher Yield, Higher Diffusion Coefficient, and Lower Viscosity.
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26. • It is a Non-contact heat source which can achieve a more effective and selective
heating.
• Distillation can now be completed in Minutes instead of Hours with various
advantages.
• Plant materials are extracted in a microwave reactor.
• Based on the principle of Steam Distillation.
• The water and EOs are Condensed and Separated outside the microwave reactor.
Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation
(MAHD)
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Fig.Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation

28. • To improve the Efficiency and reduce the Extraction time.
• The collapse of cavitation bubbles generated during Ultrasonication.
• The EOs obtained by (UAE) showed less thermal degradation with a high quality
and a good flavor.
• The yield also improved.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
(UAE)
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Fig.Ultrasound-assisted extraction

30. • Perfume,
• Aromatherapy,
• Cosmetics,
• Incense,
• Medicine,
• Household cleaning products and
• For flavoring food and drink
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Uses of essential oils

31. • Pudding
• Flavored gelatins
• Pastries
• Chewing Gum
• Sauces
• Salad Dressings
• Herbal and flavor-infused teas
• Ice cream
Application Of Essential Oils
In Foods
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32. • Title:Methodology to extract essential oils from lemongrass leaves:
solvent extraction approach.
• Authors: M.A.Suryawanshi1, V.B.Mane, G.B.Kumbhar
• Source: International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 03
• Year: 08 -Aug -2016
Case studies
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33. Materials and methods
• 150g Of The Dry Sample Of Lemongrass Were Weighed From The Sliced Lemongrass Sample And Placed
In A 1 Lit Clean Flat Bottom Flask.
• 500ml Of N- Hexane Solvent Were Poured Into The Flask.
• The Flask And Content Were Allowed To Stand For 36 Hrs
• This Was Done To Extract All The Oil Content In The Lemongrass And For Complete Extraction.
• 200ml Of Ethanol Were Added To Extract The Essential Oil Since Essential Oil Is Soluble In Ethanol.
• The Mixture Was Then Transferred To 500ml Separating Funnel And Separated By A Process Called
Liquid/Liquid Separation Process
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34. Result and discussion
• EO obtained by solvent extraction
method was 1.9 g per 150g of dry
lemongrass sample.
• EO from steam distillation
method was 1.01g per 150g of
lemongrass sample
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Method Of
Extraction
%Yield
Solvent Extraction 1.3
Steam Distillation 0.7

35. • Lemongrass has high Essential oil content, used for perfume
formulation.
• Special type of separation process used for heat sensitive materials like
essential oils, resins, hydrocarbons, etc.
• Insoluble in water and decompose at their boiling point.
• The temperature of the steam must be high enough to vaporize the
essential oil present.
conclusion
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36. Conclusion:
• Essential oils consists of many volatile molecules.
• Used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agricultural and bioactivity
example flowers.
• Innovative methods avoid shortcomings of conventional
methods in extraction time.
• Essential oils are very sensitive to environmental factors used
as such.
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37. References
• Dick, A.J., H.H.N. Starmans, (1996). Extraction of secondary metabolites from plant
material: a review. Trends Food Sci. Technol., pp: 191-197.
• Somesh, M., S. Rupali, S. Swati, M. Jose, M. Manish, (2015). In-vitro Comparative Study
on Antimicrobial Activity of five Extract of Few Citrus Fruit: Peel & Pulp vs Gentamicin.
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(1): 165-173.
• Younis, A., A. Riaz, M.A. Khan, A.A. Khan and M.A. Pervez, (2008). Extraction and
identification of chemical constituents of the essential oil of Rosa species. Acta Hort.,
766: 485-492.
• Rao, B.R.R, P.N. Kaul, K.V. Syamasundar and S. Ramesh, (2005). Chemical profiles of
primary and secondary essential oils of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Wats
var. motia Burk.). Industrial Crops and Products, 21: 121-127.
• Wang, L., C.L. Weller, (2006). Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from
plants. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 17: 300-312.
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38. • Allaf T, Tomao V, Ruiz K, Chemat F (2013b) Instant controlled pressure drop
technology and ultrasound assisted extraction for sequential extraction of essential
oil and antioxidants. Ultrason Sonochem 20:239–246
• Caredda A, Marongiu B, Porcedda S, Soro C (2002) Supercritical carbon dioxide
extraction and characterization of Laurus nobilis essential oil. J Agric Food Chem
50:1492–1496
• Sahraoui N, Abert-Vian M, Bornard I, Boutekdjiret C, Chemat F (2008) Improved
microwave steam distillation apparatus for isolation of essential oils: comparison
with conventional steam distillation. J Chromatogr A 1210:229–233
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