Health and Safety Module for NEBOSH prrperation

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NEBOSH IGC
Element 1: Why We Should Manage
Workplace Health and Safety
Learning Outcome
• Discuss the moral, social and financial
reasons for managing health and safety in
the workplace.
• Explain how health and safety is
regulated and the consequences of non-
compliance.
• Summarise the main health and safety
duties of different groups of people at work.
• Explain how contractors should be
selected, monitored and managed.

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Discuss the moral,
social and financial
reasons for managing
health and safety in
the workplace.
Important Definitions
• Health
The non-existence or absence of disease is termed
as health. It is a condition in which there is no
symptom of illness or sickness. It includes physical
as well as mental health.
• Safety
It means no risk of serious personal harm or injury.
It is a risk-free condition of human life. If you stay
out of the danger area, you are in safety and
protection.

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Important Definitions
Continue…
Welfare
It means access to necessities and facilities
of life to employees. It means that nothing is
missing or lacking in basic facilities and an
individual has easy access to them.
Moral
Responsibility
340 million and 6000 deaths every
single day in 2012 (ILO)
Society expectation on worker safety.
Impact on worker (pain, stresses,
dyability, loss of job)
Impact on injured worker family.

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Financial Reasons
Sudden accidents can lead to
huge loss of company.
There are two type of cost
associated with an accident
• Direct cost
• Indirect cost
Direct Cost:
Legal fees, when defending a claim form the injured person for
compensation
• Worker sick pays
• lost production.
• Repairs to, or replacement of, damaged tools,
• Compensation payable to the victim.
• Overtime to meet the production target.
• Costs associated with the recovery of the injured worker.
• Insurance premium increment due to the accident.

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Indirect Cost:
Time delay during investigation
Reduction in staff morale
The cost associated with corrective actions.
Lots of time (reports preparation, enforcing agency meetings)
Effects on reputation and the goodwill.
The cost of hiring of new staff and their training etc.
• Fine from court during the legal proceeding.
• Internal Industrial relations
Insured Cost
Employees claims on employers
and public liability insurance
Damage to buildings, equipment
or vehicles
Any attributable production and
general business loss.

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Uninsured Cost
Worker’s sick
pay
Damage or loss
of product and
raw materials
Repairs to plant
and equipment;
Extra wages,
overtime working
and temporary
labour;
Production
delays;
time lost while
investigation
Uninsured
Cost
Continue…
Fines in the
criminal court
to the employer
Loss of future
contracts
Increased
insurance
premiums.
Loss of
experienced
staff.
Legal costs for
remedial
actions.
Loss of
business
reputation

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Iceberg study
Uninsured costs vary between
businesses and types of accident.
8- 36 time more than the insured
costs.
Visible and Hidden costs (iceberg
theory)
Why maintain
employers’
Liability
insurance
To meet the
cost of
compensation
of employees
Due to
insurance
claim ,the
insurance
premium will
increase.
It is often a
legal
requirement.
Insurance
also boosts
employees
morale, and
they feel
secure.

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Legal reason
The majority of countries have regulations regarding how the
organisations must provide health and safety to workers. These are
legal standards that need to be followed; otherwise, strict action can
be taken against that organisation, and imprisonment and
punishments can be given.
• Safe Workplace
• Safe Plant and machinery
• A safe system of work
• Supervision, Training and competency of staff
Explain how health and
safety is regulated and
the consequences of
non-compliance.

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The role of national governments and international
bodies
Truly international legal standards of health and safety in workplace do not exist. A great quantity of
countries have enacted their own laws.
The International Labor Organization has developed two basic output;
• Conventions
• Recommendations
which have laid down rules to set international standards.
The role of
national
governments
and international
bodies
Convention (C155): Occupational Safety &
Health Convention
This convention sets out the first line of
action for health and safety. This road-map is
drawn at the national level as well as the
level of the individual organisation. In this
way, it may be termed as a two-pronged plan
of action.
Recommendation (R164): Occupational
Safety & Health Recommendation
further adds material to C155 and thoroughly
provides guiding lines to act upon the action
programs of C155. Particularly, it points out
the duties and obligations of both the
employers and employees for achieving the
primary target of a protected and healthy
workplace.

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Employers Responsibilities; (C155)
• To ensure that --- The workplace, machinery, equipment and processes under their control should
be so for as is reasonably practicable are safe and without risk to the health of workers.
• To ensure that --- The chemical, physical and biological substances and agents under their control
should be so for as is reasonably practicable without risk to health.
• To provide --- where required so far as is reasonably practicable adequate protective clothing and
protective equipment to prevent, risk of accidents or adverse effects on health."
Employers Responsibilities; (R164)
• To provide workplaces and work equipment and working methods, which are safe
and not risky to the health and safety of the worker.
• To deliver necessary training and instructions, considering the functions and size of
different categories of workers
• To provide enough supervision to work to ensure to use the occupational safety and
health measures.
• To make organisational arrangements concerning occupational safety and health
and the working environment suitable for the size of the organisation and the nature
of activities

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Employers Responsibilities; (R164)
• To provide, necessary adequate personal protective equipment free of cost to the
worker, when hazards cannot be through other way prevented or controlled
• To ensure that organisational, long working hours and rest breaks, does not badly
affect occupational safety and health of the worker.
• To take all reasonably practicable controls to eliminate excessive physical and
mental fatigue from workers.
• To carry out studies and research keep updated on the necessary scientific and
technical knowledge to comply with the national law.
Responsibilities of Workers
• To take reasonable care of their safety and that of other people who
might be affected by the things that they do and the things they fail
to do.
• To co-operate with safety instructions and procedures deliver by the
employer.
• To use all safety equipment properly and not unauthorizes modify
with it.
• To report any situation which they believe could be a hazard and
which they cannot themselves correct.
• To report any work-related accident or ill health.

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Rights of workers
The convention and Recommendation also give rights to workers.
• The right of is to provide relevant information on health and safety
matters and about actions the employer has taken to ensure
occupational safety and health.
• The right to the necessary training in occupational safety and health.
• The right to be consulted by the employer on all major issues of
occupational safety and health relating to their work before
implementing.
• The contribution of worker mast be taken regarding health and safety
matters.
• The right to leave a workplace which the workers has reason to think
presents an expected and serious danger to his or her life or health
and not be forced to return until it is safe .
Role of
enforcement
agencies
• Provide the information (codes of practice,
guidance notes, and website information)
• Run different campaigns to reduce risk and to
address specific business.
• Perform health and safety inspections,
• Investigation after accident/incident and incidence
of ill-health.
• Assessment of arrangements is in place to reduce
risk in the workplace.
• Providing advice or guideline verbally or in written
form
• Issuance of enforcement action, e.g.
• improvement notice
• prohibition notices
• criminal proceedings.

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Consequences of
non-compliance
• Issuance of warning either verbally or in
writing .
• Force to the employer to improve
workplace condition in specified period
(improvement notice)
• Force to stop doing dangerous activities;
till reforms are made (Prohibition notice)
• Investigating workplace accidents
• Taking proper steps to force the
employers to act upon the law.
• Cancellation of a licence of the company.
Consequences of non-compliance
continue…
• Issuance of a penalty or fine
• Starting criminal complaints against the offenders;
• Compensation to injured worker

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Additional Global Standards
• The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is the
biggest global promoter of management standards. It has
established and advanced
• ISO 9001 (Quality management standard)
• ISO 14001 (Environmental management standard)
• ISO 45001(Health and Safety management system).
• It is notable that these are not legal papers but they have got
worldwide acceptance by a large number of states because they
show clearly good and proper management doing
Summarise the
main health and
safety duties of
different groups of
people at work.

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Directors and Senior
Managers
• Setting priorities and policies
• Ensure aims, and objectives are suitable.
• Ensure risk assessment and control measure application.
• Lead by example, visible leadership at front.
• Allocation of sufficient resources, in term of finance & competent
Personnel.
• Allocation of clear roles and responsibilities.
• Appointment of a senior manager with specific duties for OSH.
• Regular review of the Organisational health and safety performance
Responsibilities of Middle Managers and
Supervisors
They are responsible for;
• Application of OHS standards in the workplace under their
control
• Workplace and equipment are safe to work.
• Risk assessment of workplace is conducted and revised.
• Safe working procedures are established and implemented.
• Appropriate coordination between other managers working in
the same area, workers and contractors.
• Management of work progress to ensure long working hours
don't put adverse health effect on workers

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Responsibilities of Middle Managers and
Supervisors
• Involve in the investigation of the accident and ill health case.
• Take part in accident/incident investigations and work-related ill-
health.
• Keep the record of all safety events like accident, ill health, or
risk assessment documents.
Responsibilities of
Safety specialists
Assist in
establishing health
and safety policy,
objectives and
plans.
Providing support,
instruction, and
guideline on HSMS
Ensure compliance
with health and
safety law.
Risk assessment
and control
implementation.
To promote positive
health and safety
culture.
Reduction of risks of
accidents and
emergencies.
Safety performance
evaluation, including
accident
investigation and
carrying audits.
To identify training
needs analysis.
Maintain health and
safety records and
documentation.

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Explain how contractors
should be selected,
monitored and managed.
Responsibility Resting
with Contractors
Contractors have
responsibility for
their health and
safety as well as of
others who might
have the effect of
their work acts and
actions.
Contractors have
responsibility for
their health and
safety as well as of
others who might
have the effect of
their work acts and
actions.
Responsibility
rests with a client
(as an employer)
for the health and
safety of his
employees and the
persons paying
visit inside the
workplace. Such
liability is divided
into the client and
contractor.
Responsibility
rests with a client
(as an employer)
for the health and
safety of his
employees and the
persons paying
visit inside the
workplace. Such
liability is divided
into the client and
contractor.
So, it is vital to hire
a contractor on the
biases of
contractor health
and safety
competency
instead of price.
So, it is vital to hire
a contractor on the
biases of
contractor health
and safety
competency
instead of price.

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How to Select the Contractor
Have a copy of their
written health and
safety policy
Has performed
similar work risk
assessment
previously?
Have access to
specialist advice on
health and safety
matters if required?
Monitors previous
accident rate and
has a record?
Qualifications and
training of staff?
Record of
membership of a
professional
Organisation?
Has an effective
procedure for
monitoring.
Names of previous
or current clients
with all details.
How to
Select the
Contractor
Continue
Records of enforcement action and civil claim.
Proof of adequate resources,
If contractor will use subcontractors and if so, how the
contractor will check that subcontractors are competent?
Will they submit a method statement for the job?
What kind of training already contractors have provided
to the staff.
Third-party inspection certification records.

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Work
Planning
• Client - Provide information about all known
hazards in the workplace.
• Contracts - conduct risk assessments and
how risk could be minimised.
• Contractor - submit a written safe working
(usually called method statement) method
• Communicate with each other and provide
information's, instruction and training
• Co-operate and coordinate through regular
meetings
• Consult the workforce on health and safety
matters
• The client should Manage and supervise the
work.
Work Planning
Clinet should consider
• responsibility for the work
• responsibility for supervising
• what precautions will be taken
• What PPE is to be used procedures, including any permits-to-work
•
• Work with mutual coordination.
• Prevent from creating any mutual confliction or clash
• The client owns responsibility for the monitoring
• Client should stop work activity until the prevision of agreed
arrangements in case of breach of method statement.

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Detailed Description About Joint Occupiers
of Premises
When two employers/contractors join a place of work. They should have to
• Conduct regular meetings of their managers.
• Share information and risk assessments.
• Establish a joint site rules for the workplace.
• Establish joint procedures for control of visitors.
• Develop system of traffic and the vehicle movement.
• Conduct joint inspections of the workplace .
• Draw up joint emergency procedures
• Conduct joint fire drills
• Procedure for the management of waste
• Develop joint safety committees