You can learn about Computer Networking with this easy PowerPoint Presentation. In this article you can study about Computer Networking types, Networking devices, Networking models & Data Transmission media types etc. This PPT is powered by eAcademy.lk

2. What is networking
With the development of computer
technology, connections between people
and places around the world began to take
place.
Because of this, communication activities
improved. Personal contacts increased. It
was possible to easily exchange messages
from one place in the world to another.
Networking is the main reason behind the
convergence of the world in this way.

3. Computer networking is the method of connecting all computerized devices
such as computers, telephones, server computers (Servers) around the
world through wired or wireless methods and exchange data and
information.

4. Thus, for a computer network to be completed, at least two computers or
related devices must be connected to each other by a wired or wireless
method.
 Exchange of data between two computers over the Internet.
 Transfer images between two phones via Bluetooth.
 Printing a copy from a computer with a printer.
 Giving commands to a laptop using a Bluetooth mouse.
 Accessing the Internet from a Wi-Fi modem to a smartphone.

5. Thus data exchange or data transmission between two computer
devices is called data communication.
There are several basic elements required for data communication.
 Data Source (Sender) - The transmitter of data
 Transmission medium (Medium) - The medium through which data
is transmitted
 Data receiver (Receiver) - Data recipient

6. Data transmission methods
There are three main ways data is transmitted from one place to
another.
1. Simplex Mode - is the mode of data transmission that occurs only
on one side.
Ex:- Watching TV, Listening to Radio.
2. Half Duplex Mode - Data is transmitted in one direction at a time.
Ex:- Use of walkie talkie, use of internet.
3. Full Duplex Mode - This is how data is transmitted on both sides
at the same time.
Ex:- Conducting telephone conversations.

7. Data Transmission Media
One of the important elements required for data communication is the data
transmission medium. Thus there are two forms of media through which
data can be transmitted.
1. Wired/Guided Media - Here cables are used for data transmission. Also,
the data traveling in this way is also known as pilot media as it goes
through a specific channel.
2. Wireless/Unguided Media - Here, waves or signals are used for data
transmission. It is also called unmanned media because no wires are
used and there is no proper way for data to travel.

8. Wired/Guided Media
This can be said to be a method used from early times to move data from
one place to another. Here cables are used as a physical medium to transmit
data. There are several main types of cables used for this purpose.
Twisted Pair
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optic

9. Wireless/Unguided Media
The method of using waves through the air to move data from one place to
another. Here no physical medium is used for data transmission.
There are several methods used here.
 Radio waves
 Microwaves
 Infrared

10. Networking Hardware
There are several devices used when computers and related devices are
connected to each other by wired or wireless.
Modem, Router, Hub, Switch and Bridge are some of these devices.
Although all these devices are similar in their design, but there are some
differences in their function and functionality.

12. Network Topologies
In networking, how to connect the various components and parts
connected to the network is done in Network topologies. Here it is
considered how the network should be physically arranged.
There are several ways to connect computers and computer devices to
each other. While choosing those methods, basic attention should be
given to the nature of the land where the network is to be set up, the
cost of setting up the network, the amount of devices required for the
network, etc.

13. There are six main topology types.
 Bus Topology
 Star Topology
 Ring Topology
 Mesh Topology
 Tree Topology
 Hybrid Topology

14. Networking Models
There are several ways that networks can be designed depending on how
computer devices are connected throughout a network.
The computer that requests information is called the client and the
computer that provides the information is called the server.
There are two main types of communication between client computers and
server computers. These are client server and peer-to-peer (P2P).

15. Client-Server Architecture
The connection between two computers as client and server is called a client-
server model. A web browser that is used to access the internet is often called a
client and a website that is requested can be called a server.
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
Here the responsibility of a server is not taken from a single computer. One or
more computers connected to the network act as servers and provide
data.Client-server models are more secure than peer-to-peer models. Also, the
authenticity and reliability of the data in the client-server model is high. In the
client-server model, the data is in one main server, and in the peer-to-peer
model, the data can be in any computer.

16. Client-Server Architecture
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

17. Network type based on Geographical Area
There are several main types of computer networks depending on the area
they are set up and spread over.
 Personal Area Network (PAN)
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)

18. Personal Area Network (PAN)
 This is the smallest form of computer networks.
 It is spread over a short area of ​​about 10 meters.
 Networks formed by two or three computer devices
used by an individual for personal use take this form.
Examples:
 A person transfers songs from his laptop to his
smartphone via USB cable.
 Connecting two phones via bluetooth.
 Using a wireless mouse on a computer.
 Operating a DVD Player with a Remote Control via
Infrared.

19. Local Area Network (LAN)
 It is a form of network where many computers
and related devices are arranged in a small
area.
 Such networks operate in places such as
schools, laboratories, offices and small
businesses.
 Here twisted pair, coaxial cable and Wifi etc. are
used for the connection between the network
devices.

20. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 A type of network formed by connecting several
LANs spread over a certain area.
 It is spread over an area of about 50 km.
 Networks are connected to each other through
fiber optic cables.
Examples:
 ATM network of a bank in a city
 A network of several superstores
 Networking between different parts of a
university

21. Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Like networks spread over very large areas and
countries.
 The largest form of network is the combination of
LAN and MAN spread across the world.
 Networks are connected to each other through
fiber optic and satellite technology.
 The best example of a WAN is the Internet.