Author: Mislav Kirac (UNDP Croatia)

1. Transition to a low carbon economy:
the case of Croatia in cultural heritage
UNESCO School in South East Europe
Sustainable energy governance in
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Dubrovnik, Croatia 29 September – 4 October 2013

2. Low-emission Development Strategy
(LEDS)
1. Framework for the Low-emission Development Strategy of
Croatia until 2050
2. Low-emission Development Strategy of Croatia
Framework defines:
• Goals
• Vision
• Priorities
• Instruments
• Strategy development process
• Indicators

3. Low-emission Development Strategy
(LEDS)
Strategy potential:
• Investments
• Industrial sector growth
• New business development
• Competitive economy
• New jobs
LEDS include:
• Kyoto Protocol, EU 20-20-20
• Preliminary EU goal for 2030
• Framework for Low Carbon Development (2050)

4. Low-emission Development Strategy
(LEDS)
Uncertanties:
• Economic crisis
• Global impact of shale gas
• Commercialization of CCS technologies
• Nuclear energy utilization
• Development of new technologies

5. Low-emission Development Strategy
(LEDS)
NATIONAL
COMITEE FOR
MITIGATION ON
CLIMATE CHANGE
TECHNICAL AND
LOGISTIC SUPPORT
United Nations
Development
Programme in
Croatia (UNDP)
RESPONSIBLE
INSTITUTION
EXTERNAL
EXPERTISE
Ministry of
Enviornment and
Nature Protection
EXPERTS,
INSTITUTES,
FACULTIES, NONGOVERNMENTAL
ORGANISATIONS
MEDIA AND PUBLIC

6. CO2 emission by source (Croatia)
Energy
Industry (energy)
Transport
Households services
Agriculture
Industrial process
Other

7. Low-emission Development Strategy
(LEDS)
Consultations
• First workshop
• Sectoral workshops
• Literature and expert discussions
• Second workshop
Analysis
• Sector analysis
• Scenario projections
• Multicriterial analysis
• Evaluation of instruments
Framework for the Low-emission Development Strategy
Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection
Action plan for air protection, ozone layer and
mitigation of climate change

8. Sectoral workshops (LEDS)
•Team work
•GHG reduction
•SWOT analysis
•Measures
•Priorities
•Financial models

9. Sectoral workshops (LEDS)
Measure analysis
•Costs
•GHG reduction potential
•New jobs
•Cost-benefit
•Impact on health
•Impact for rural development

10. Croatia with “Scenario –80%” (2050)
2030
2050
%
%
Energy facilities
-58
-92
Industry
-43
-83
Transport
20
-54
Households and services
-37
-88
Agriculture
-36
-42
Other
-72
-70
Total
-38
-76

11. Croatia with “Scenario –80%” (2050)

12. Instruments
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Legislation
Standards
Emission Trading Scheme
Subsidies
Education and promotion
Free market
Instutuional framework for inter-sectoral sinergy

13. Conclusion (LEDS)
• Goals can be met by using existing and predictable
new technologies
• Significant changes in all sectors are needed
• Instruments have to be numerous
• Political will is essential
• Behavior change is foundation for success

14. Heritage buildings in Croatia
National Energy Efficiency Programme
• 10,000 facilities in registry
• Energy Management Information System
• 14,000 public servants educated

15. Heritage buildings in Croatia
•
•
•
•
•
15% of all public buildings is protected heritage building
23% is located in protected area
Energy consumption: 229 mil. kWh/year
GHG emission: 67,500 tCO2/year
Energy costs: 14 mil EUR/year

16. Heritage buildings in Croatia
Realized measures (House in Order):
• Energy audits for 28 protected heritage buildings
(potential savings 200,000 EUR/year)
• Education for more than 14,000 public servants
• Free EE measures in 14 heritage buildings –savings
80,000 EUR/year
• EE measures in 17 heritage buildings – savings 50,000
EUR/year + further potential of 20,000 EUR/year
• Smart metering in 20 heritage buildings for live tracking
of energy consumption

17. Heritage buildings in Croatia
Potential measures (House in Order):
• Switch to natural gas or RES (55% of heritage buildings
have >15 year old boiler)
• Water saving equipment – only 11% of heritage buildings
have some water saving equipment
• Lighting – 23% of heritage buildings have incandescent
bulbs in majority
• Thermal isolation on roof – 82% of heritage buildings
don’t have thermal isolation on roof

18. Heritage buildings in Croatia
Mary’s palace Lužnica
• Geothermal energy (heat pumps)
• Energy savings 259,776 kWh/year
• Cost 200,000 EUR

19. Heritage buildings in Croatia
Initiative “Croatian castles”
Castles of North-western Croatia (300)
• 12% in excelent condition
• 43% in good condition
• 45% in poor condition

20. Heritage buildings in Croatia
Initiative “Croatian castles”
• Enhance cooperation between stakeholders (NGOs,
government, owners, investors...)
• Finding models for revitalization of castles (EU funds)

21. Heritage buildings in Croatia
French pavilion, Zagreb
After reconstruction:
- savings 327,000 kWh/year

22. Heritage buildings in Croatia
City walls lighting, Dubrovnik
• After reconstruction: savings 397,320 kWh/year and
47,400 EUR/year (80% reduction)

23. Heritage buildings in Croatia
Vitid’s skyscraper, Zagreb
•
•
•
•
Poor condition, lack of maintenance
Current state: 182 kWh/m2 (E)
Optimal reconstruction: 74 kWh/m2 (C) = 60% reduction
Full-scale reconstruction: 47 kWh/m2 (B) = 75% reduction

24. Heritage buildings in Croatia
Elementary school Marin Getaldid, Dubrovnik
• Electricity used for heating (120,000 kWh/year)
• Suggested: heat pump heating
• Result: 4 times less electricity consumption, investment costs
17,000 EUR, return on investment in less than 3 years

25. The best way to predict future
is to create it
Peter F. Drucker
founder of modern management

26. Thank you!
Mislav Kirac
mislav.kirac@undp.org
www.undp.hr

27. References
Energy audits and energy certification of residential building Laginjina 9, Zagreb (Vitid
skyscraper), Planetaris Ltd 2013
Marino Grozdek, Leon Lepoša, Izvještaj o provedenom energetskom pregledu objekta:
OSNOVNA ŠKOLA MARINA GETALDIĆA, Dubrovnik
Provedba mjera energetske učinkovitosti u Zagrebačkoj županiji, www.zagrebackazupanija.hr
Marko Križanec, Marko Bačid, “Lighting of protected historical city centres”
Movie:
http://dotsub.com/view/cfccb28e-00ae-4e0f-8c46-e040bc737c08