Web-based lesson plan about Large Ruminant

1. RUMINANT
 Ruminants are herbivorous grazing or browsing artiodactyls belonging to the
suborder Ruminantia that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food
by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally
through microbial actions. The process, which takes place in the front part of
the digestive system and therefore is called foregut fermentation, typically
requires the fermented ingesta (known as cud) to be regurgitated and chewed
again. The process of rechewing the cud to further break down plant matter
and stimulate digestion is called rumination. The word “ruminant” comes
from the Latin ruminare, which means “to chew over again”.

2. Learning Objectives
 At the end of the lesson the students are
expected to:
 A. Define what is Large ruminant.
 B. Enumerate the different Breeds classification
of large ruminant.
 C. Appreciate the importance of large ruminant

3. CATTLE
 Cattle were independently domesticated from the
aurochs, a wild bovine species, in the vicinity of
the current countries of Turkey and Pakistan
∼10,000 y ago.
 Cattle have since spread with humans across the
world, including to regions where these two
distinct lineages have hybridized.

4. Different Breeds of
Cattle
 1.
1. THE BLACK ANGUS
Black Angus cow in a field
The Black Angus is the most
popular beef cow in America. Its
high yield, great flavor, and
excellent marbling have made it a
staple of the US food world. Black
Angus was introduced in the 19th
century. With the breed’s low
maintenance in both feed and
calving, it makes an excellent
choice for cattle ranchers today.

5. Different Breeds of
Cattle
2. THE HOLSTEIN
Holstein Cow
Holsteins are the iconic cow.
Black and white with a large
frame these docile cows are
most commonly used for dairy
production. Holstein steers
offer a consistently high quality
of beef owing to the fact that
Holsteins are rarely bred with
other types of cattle.

6. HEREFORD CATTLE
HEREFORD CATTLE
Herefords
Originating from England, this cattle breed
matures early and is easy to breed. Herefords
feature a large-framed body with a red body
and white face, feet, belly and horns. Before
Angus, Hereford was the leading American beef
breed

7. TEXAS LONGHORN
No list of American cattle would be complete
without the Longhorn. This hearty breed is the
direct descendent of the cattle brought over by
Spanish explorers more than four hundred years
ago. The rich flavor, lean overall fat, and high
marble of the Longhorn have made it a world-
renowned breed. Longhorns are best suited for
large ranches in arid climates.

8. THE HIGHLAND
The Highland from Scotland is a
unique breed that has made a
surprisingly strong entry into the US.
The long horns and double coat of the
highland allow them to cope with harsh
winter climates which is a boon for more
northern ranchers. The Highland’s ability
to thrive on nearly any feed makes them
adaptable to grazing almost anywhere.
The meat of the highland is well marbled
and leaner than many other American
breeds.

9. THE CHAROLAIS
While the French Charolais was not
introduced to the US until the 1930s, it is
widely regarded as the most important
breed in US beef production history. The
Charolais is a rapidly growing large frame
cow that milks well and can even be used
as a beast of burden should a field need to
be plowed. Their rugged adaptability has
allowed herds to develop across the nation

10. BUFFALO
 The carabao is a swamp-type domestic water buffalo
found in the Philippines. Water buffaloes were probably
introduced to the Philippines by Malay immigrants around
300 to 200 BCE. It is considered the national animal of the
Philippines.
 In Malaysia, carabaos are expectedly known as kerbau in
Malay and are the official animal of the state of Negeri
Sembilan. Water buffalos were introduced to Guam from
the Philippines in the 17th century. They have acquired
great cultural significance to the Chamorro people and are
considered the unofficial national animal of Guam.

11. DIFFERENT BREEDS OF
BUFFALO
1.Surti
*Also known as Deccani, Gujarati, Talabda,
Charator and Nadiadi.
*The breeding tract of this breed is Kaira and
Baroda district of Gujarat
*Coat colour varies from rusty brown to silver-
grey.
*The horns are sickle shaped, moderately long
and flat
*The peculiarity of the breed is two white
collars, one round the jaw and the other at the
brisket region.
*The milk yield ranges from 1000 to 1300 kgs per
lactation.
*The peculiarity of this breed is very high fat
percentage in milk (8-12per cent).

12. DIFFERENT BREEDS OF
BUFFALO
2. Jaffrabadi
The breeding tract of this breed is Gir forests, Kutch and
Jamnagar districts of Gujara
This is the heaviest Indian breed of buffalo
The horns are heavy, inclined to droop at each side of
the neck and then turning up at point (drooping horns)
The bullocks are heavy and used for ploughing and
carting.

13. DIFFERENT BREEDS OF
BUFFALO
3. BHADAWARI
•The body is usually light or copper coloured is a •
The bullocks are good draught animal with high heat
tolerance.peculiarity of this breed. Eyelids are
generally copper or light brown colour
Two white lines ‘Chevron’ are present at the lower
side of the neck similar to that of Surti buffaloes

14. DIFFERENT BREEDS OF
BUFFALO
4. NILI RAVI
• The peculiarity of the breed is the wall eyes.
.• Head is small, elongated, bulging at top and
depressed between eyes.
• Horns are very small and tightly coile

15. DIFFERENT BREEDS OF
BUFFALO
5. MEHSANA
• Mehsana is a dairy breed of buffalo found in
Mehsana, Sabarkanda and Banaskanta districts
in Gujarat and adjoining Maharashtra state
• The breed is evolved out of crossbreeding
between the Surti and the Murrah
• The horns are less curved than in Murrah and
are irregula

16. DIFFERENT BREEDS OF
BUFFALO
7. NAGPURI
• These are black coloured animal with white
patches on face, legs and tail. The horns are
long, flat and curved, bending backward on each
side of the back. (Swaord shaped horns).
• The bullocks can be used for heavy work

17. DIFFERENT BREEDS OF
BUFFALO
8. TODA
• The predominate coat colours are fawn and ash-grey.
•They are gregarious in nature.
• The body is long and deep and chest is deep. The legs
are short and strong.• The horns are set wide apart
curving inward, outward and forward forming a
characteristic crescent shape.

18. Activity 1: Web-base Activities
 http://tinyurl.com/yl6t23t7
 https://www.tumblr.com/large-
ruminant/736505090177892352/what-is-the-
difference-between-cattle-and-
buffalo?source=share
 https://pin.it/2hE9fVd

19. RUBRICS
 You will be graded based on the following criteria:

20. CONCLUSION
 Ruminants have served and will continue to serve a valuable role in
sustainable agricultural systems. They are particularly useful in converting
vast renewable resources from rangeland, pasture, and crop residues or other
by-products into food edible for humans. Without these ruminant, there will
be no available source of dairy, meat, and fiber in the market. Other
ruminant are used by the farmers in the farm to till the land for the
production of crops and other food.