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For every competitive examination a few questions can be expected from One Word Substitution.
Moreover this section will certainly help you to increase your English vocabulary. The words included
here will help you to write and speak English precisely and effectively. Learning them will be a great asset in
life. In order to keep these words in your mind complement your study with extensive reading. One of the
practical methods is to study ten to fifteen words each day. If you make it a practice, with each passing day
there will be steady improvement in your knowledge.
In the first part of this section we have given you a list of over 600 words which are commonly asked in
One Word Substitution. In the second part we have collected some objective type questions for you to
practice with. They are followed by their answers. All these questions were asked for various examinations.
Learn all these words carefully. After learning each word try to use it in a sentence of your own. This method
will help you to stamp the word in your mind.
LIST - I
ABATTOIR : A place where animals are
slaughtered.
ACCOMPLICE : A partner in crime.
AESTHETE : A person with a highly
developed sense of beauty.
AFFLUENT : Wealthy; having abundance of
money.
AGORAPHOBIA : Unreasonable fear of open
spaces.
ALLEVIATE : To lessen, make less
severe.
ALTRUIST : One who does good work
for others without thought of
personal gain.
AMBIDEXTROUS : Able to use the left hand as
well as the right.
AMBIGUOUS : A word or statement which
can be interpreted in two
ways.
ANACHRONISM : That which appears to be in
the wrong period.
ANGLOPHILE : An admirer of the English
people, language, manners
or way of life.
ANGLOPHOBE : One who dislikes the
English and England.
ARMISTICE : An agreement to stop
fighting in a war.
ARISTOCRACY : A government run by the rich
and the elite people; a class
of well-born people.
ARTISTE : Professional singer, dancer etc.
ATHEIST : A person who does not
believein theexistenceof God.
AUTOCRACY : A government where the
power is concentrated
in the hands of one person.
AUTOPSY : Medical examination of a
dead body.
BANKRUPT : A person who cannot pay
his debts.
BARBARIAN : An uncivilised person.
BARRICADE : Hastily erected barrier
across a street.
BELLIGERENT : One who is engaged in
fighting a battle or war.
BIBLIOGRAPHY : A list of writings on a subject.
BIBLIOPHILE : One who loves books.
BIOGRAPHY : The story of a person’s life.
BLASPHEMOUS : One who is irreverent
towards God.
BREVITY : Briefness; shortness of
time.
BREWERY : A place where beer is made.
BUREAUCRACY : A government run by civil
servants.
CALLIGRAPHY : The art of beautiful hand
writing.
CARDIOLOGIST : A doctor specialising in
matters relating to the heart.
CATHOLICITY : Broad outlook, free from
prejudice.
ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION
General English
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CELIBACY : The state of being
unmarried.
CHARLATAN : One who deceives others
by claiming to be an expert.
CIRCUMLOCUTION : A roundabout way of
expression.
CLAUSTROPHOBIA : A morbid fear of confined
spaces.
COAGULATE : Change from liquid into
solid by chemical reaction.
COLLOQUIAL : Suitable for ordinary
informal conversation.
COMBUSTIBLE : That which can catch fire
and burn easily.
COMEDIAN : One who plays funny parts
in plays or films.
COMMODITY : An article of trade or
commerce.
COMPATRIOT : A person belonging to one’s
own country.
COMPLEXION : The natural colour and
appear- ance of skin.
COMPULSORY : That which must be done.
CONDUCTOR : That which acts as a path for
electricity, heat etc.
CONNOISSEUR : A person who is competent
to pass critical judgement
upon anything.
CONSCRIPT : A person who is compelled
by law to serve in the armed
forces.
CONSORTIUM : A combination of several
businesses for a common
purpose.
CONTAGIOUS : That which spreads easily,
especially a disease.
CONTRETEMPS : An unlucky event, an
unexpected set-back.
CONTROVERSIAL : That which causes debate
or argument.
CONVENTION (2) : A formal assembly or
conference of people of the
same business to discuss
practices.
CORRIGENDUM : Something to be corrected
in a printed book.
COUNTERFEIT : Copy something exactly in
order to deceive.
COUP D’ÉTAT : Sudden overthrow of a
government, especially by force.
CRUISE : A sea voyage for pleasure.
CYGNET : A young swan.
CYNIC : One who has little faith in
human sincerity or honesty.
DEBACLE : A sudden complete failure.
DENOUEMENT : The last part of a play, book
etc. where all the
complications of the plot are
solved.
DETERGENT : A cleaning agent, especially
a synthetic substance.
DETERRENT : Something to discourage
people from doing wrong.
DILETTANTE : An admirer of the fine arts.
DISARMAMENT : Reduction of weapons by
governments.
DISINFORMATION : False information spread
intentionally to spread
propaganda.
DOMICILE : A place where one lives
permanently.
DRAGNET : A system of connected
actions and methods for
catching criminals.
DRUDGERY : Hard, uninteresting work.
DUET : Song sung by two people
together.
EBULLIENT : High-spirited, exuberant.
EFFEMINATE : A man who has the qualities
of a woman.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA : A book giving information on
all branches of knowledge.
ENTOMOLOGY : The scientific study of
insects.
EPIC : A long narrative poem.
EPILOGUE : Concluding part of a literary
work.
ERGONOMICS : The study of the efficiency of
people in their working
environment.
ERR : Make a mistake, do wrong.
ESTUARY : The wide mouth of a river.
EVOLUTION : Gradual development from
simple life forms to complex
ones.
EXCISE : Tax on goods produced and
used in a country.
EXERTION : Making an effort; trying very
hard to do something.
EXTEMPORE : A speech made without any
previous thought or
preparation.
EXTERMINATE : To put an end to something by
killing.
EXTROVERT : A person who is active, lively
and enjoys the company of
others.
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EXUBERANT : Lively, high-spirited.
FALLACY : A false idea or belief.
FARCE : A light-hearted humorous
play with silly action.
FASTIDIOUS : One who cannot be easily
pleased.
FAVOURITISM : The practice of giving
favoured treatment to
certain people.
FEBRILE : Of or caused by fever.
FEMINIST : A supporter of the cause of
women.
FIANCÉE : A girl to whom a man is
engaged to be married.
FISSION : Splitting of the nucleus of an
atom.
FLOGGING : Severe beating with a whip.
FLUVIAL : Of, found in, or produced by
rivers.
FOOLSCAP : A size of paper, also called
‘legal’ format.
FOREMAN : A skilled worker in charge
of other workmen.
FOURTH ESTATE : Influential newspapers and
journalists.
FRANCOPHILE : An admirer of the French
people, language, manners
or way of life.
FRANCOPHOBE : One who dislikes the
French and France.
FRATRICIDE : The murder of one’s brother.
FREIGHT : Goods carried by train, ship
etc.
FUDDY-DUDDY : An elderly person who does
not understand or approve
of modern ideas.
FUMIGATE : To clear of disease, bacteria
etc., by means of chemical
smoke.
GARAGE : A building in which
motorcars are parked.
GARRULOUS : One who talks too much
about uninteresting things.
GASTRONOMY : The art and science of
cooking and eating good
food.
GENOCIDE : Elimination or killing of a
whole race.
GERMANOPHILE : An admirer of the German
people, language, manners
or way of life.
GERMANOPHOBE : One who dislikes the
Germans and Germany.
GERMICIDE : A medicine that kills germs.
GLACIER : A mass of ice moving very
slowly down a mountain
valley.
GLUT : A larger supply than
necessary.
GRAFFITI : Rough drawing or writing on
public walls.
GRAMINIVORE : An animal that eats grain.
GRATIS : Without payment, free of cost.
GUBERNATORIAL : Of a governor.
HALLUCINATION : Seeing something which is
not actually present.
HAVEN : A place of calm and safety.
HEDONIST : One who lives for pleasure.
HERBIVORE : A plant-eating animal.
HISTRIONICS : Overreacting in a theatrical
manner.
HOLOCAUST : Great destruction and the
loss of many lives; the mass
killing of Jews in World War
II.
HOLSTER : A leather holder for a pistol.
HOMICIDE : The killing of one man by
another man.
HOMONYM : A word which agrees with
another in pronun-ciation and
perhaps also in spelling but is
different in meaning.
HONORARY : An office for which no salary
is paid.
HOOLIGAN : A noisy rough person who
causes trouble.
HORTICULTURE : The art of garden cultivation.
HUB : The central part of a wheel.
HYPERCRITICAL : Excessively critical.
HYPOCHONDRIAC : One who has exaggerated
anxiety about his health.
HYPOCRITICAL : Pretence of virtue or goodness;
saying one thing while thinking
another.
HYPOTHESIS : Supposition made as basis
for reasoning.
IDEALISM : Practice of forming and
following ideals.
IDEOLOGY : Set of ideas at the basis of
certain economic or political
systems.
IDOLATRY : Worship of idols.
IGNORAMUS : A thoroughly ignorant person.
ILLEGAL : That which is contrary to law.
ILLEGIBLE : Handwriting which cannot
be read.
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ILLITERATE : One who is unable to read or
write.
IMMEMORIAL : Too old to be remembered,
ancient beyond memory.
IMMINENT : About to happen.
IMMORTAL : That which never dies.
IMPASSABLE : That which cannot be passed
through.
IMPLACABLE : Impossible to satisfy, change
or make less angry.
IMPREGNABLE : Thatwhichcannotbeattacked
or taken by force.
INACCESSIBLE : That cannot be approached
or reached.
INAUSPICIOUS : Not of good omen.
INCORPOREAL : Without a body.
INCREDIBLE : That cannot be believed.
INDEFATIGABLE : One who is incapable of
being tired.
INDELIBLE : Incapable of being effaced or
cancelled or obliterated.
INDIGENOUS : Belonging naturally to a place.
INDOPHILE : An admirer of the Indian
people, its culture, manners or
way of life.
INDOPHOBE : One who dislikes the Indians
and India.
INEDIBLE : Something which cannot be
eaten.
INEVITABLE : That which is bound to
happen.
INEXPLICABLE : That which cannot be
explained.
INFLAMMABLE : Capable of catching fire.
INFLATE : To fill with air or gas.
INGENIOUS : Very clever.
INIMITABLE : Thatwhich cannot beimitated.
INNATE : That which one is born with.
INNOCUOUS : That which is quite harmless.
INTANGIBLE : That cannot be mentally
grasped.
INTELLIGENTSIA : The class of people who
think independently.
INTOLERABLE : That which cannot be
endured.
INTROSPECTION : Examination of one’s own
mental processes.
INTUITION : Immediate apprehension by
mind reasoning.
INVINCIBLE : That cannot be conquered or
defeated.
INVULNERABLE : That which cannot be
wounded.
IRREPARABLE : That which cannot be
repaired.
IRREPROACHABLE : So good that no criticism can
be made.
JAYWALK : To cross streets on foot in a
careless and dangerous
way.
JOEY : A young kangaroo.
JUDICIOUS : Wise, sound in judgement.
KIMONO : A loose gown of silk as worn
in Japan.
KNIGHTHOOD : The right to put ‘Sir’ in front of
one’s name.
LACKEY : One who behaves like a
servant by always obeying.
LAMINATE : To cover with thin sheets of
metal or plastic.
LEGIBLE : Capable of being read
clearly.
LEONINE : Of or like a lion.
LEXICOGRAPHER : One who compiles diction-
aries.
LIBERTARIAN : One who believes that one
should have freedom of
expression.
LIMERICK : A humorous short poem with
five lines.
LITERATI : People with knowledge of
literature.
LOQUACIOUS : One who talks a lot.
LOWBROW : One who has no interest in
literature, art etc.
LULLABY : A pleasant song sung to
send children to sleep.
MACHETE : A knife with a broad heavy
blade.
MAGNUM OPUS : A great work of art, particularly
literary.
MALEDICTION : Evil, vicious speech.
MANUAL : Abook giving informationabout
how to work something.
MANUSCRIPT : Handwritten script of a book.
MARTINET : A strict disciplinarian.
MASCOT : Something chosen as a
symbol to bring good luck.
MASOCHIST : One who enjoys pain or
humiliation.
MEDIOCRE : One who is neither intelligent nor
dull.
MEGALOMANIA : The belief that one is
extremely important.
MELODIOUS : Sweet sounding.
MERCANTILE : Of trade and business.
METEOROLOGY : The scientific study of
weather conditions.
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METICULOUS : A person who is very careful
about details.
MILITIA : Those trained as soldiers
but not belonging to a regular
army.
MISANTHROPE : One who hates mankind.
MISOGAMIST : One who hates marriage.
MISOGYNIST : One who hates women.
MONOMANIAC : One who keeps thinking of
one particular thing only.
MONOTHEISM : The practice of worshipping
only one god.
MULTINATIONAL : A company having branches
in many countries.
MYCOLOGY : The scientific study of fungi.
NAUSEA : Strong feeling of wanting to
vomit.
NAUTICAL : Of sailors, ships or sailing.
NEMESIS : Downfall that satisfies
natural justice.
NEOLOGISM : A new word.
NEPOTISM : Undue favour shown by a
person in power to his
relatives.
NOTARY : A public official who makes
written statements official.
NUMISMATIC : One who collects coins.
OBITUARY : Notice of a person’s death
in a newspaper.
OBLIGATORY : That which is required to be
done by law.
OBSOLETE : That which is out of use, or
replaced by a newer
model.
OMNIPOTENT : One who is all powerful.
OMNISCIENT : One who knows everything.
OMNIVOROUS : One who eats anything.
ONTOLOGY : Philosophy concerned with
the nature of existence.
OPTHALMOLOGIST : An eye-doctor.
OPTOMETRIST : A technician who measures
your eyesight.
PACHYDERM : A thick-skinned animal,
especially an elephant or
rhinoceros.
PACIFIST : One who believes in the
abolition of war.
PALAEOGRAPHY : The study of ancient writing.
PALAEONTOLOGY : The study of fossils.
PANACEA : A remedy which can cure all
diseases.
PARADOX : Contradictory statement.
PARASITE : One that lives on another.
PARIAH : One who is not accepted by
society.
PATENT : Sole right to make and sell
one’s own invention.
PAUNCH : A man’s fat stomach.
PEDANT : One who exhibits his book
learning.
PENULTIMATE : Last but one.
PERQUISITE : Gain over and above one’s
salary.
PETROLOGY : The scientific study of rocks.
PHILISTINE : Person of material outlook
who is indifferent to culture.
PHILOLOGIST : One who is well versed in the
science of languages.
PIGMENT : The natural colouring matter of
plants and animals.
PLAINTIFF : One who bring a charge
against someone in court.
PLATONIC : A very close, non-sexual
friendship between two
people.
PLEBEIAN : Of the lower social classes.
POLYANDRY : The practice of having more
than one husband at the same
time.
POLYGAMY : The practise of having more
than one husband or wife at
the same time.
POLYGLOT : One who speaks many
languages.
POLYGRAPH : A lie-detector.
POSTHUMOUS : A child born after the death of
its father.
POSTSCRIPT : A note added at the end of a
letter, after the signature.
PRAGMATIST : One who uses common
sense.
PRESCIENT : Ableto foretellwhat willhappen
in the future.
PROFILE (1) : A side view of someone’s
head.
PROPELLANT : An explosive for firing a bullet
or a rocket.
PSEUDONYM : A pen-name assumed by a
writer.
PULMONARY : Of or having an effect on the
lungs.
QUIXOTIC : Trying to do the impossible,
usually to help others, while
putting oneself into danger.
RACONTEUR : One who is good at telling
stories in an interesting way.
RAPPORT : A good relationship between
two people.
RECEPTIVE : Capable of receiving new
ideas.
RED TAPISM : Excessive use of official
formalities which causes
unnecessary delay.
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REFLATION : A government policy of
increasing the amount of
money in circulation.
REINFORCE : Strengthen by additional men
or material.
RENAISSANCE : A renewal of interest in art,
literature etc.
REQUISITION : An official demand or request.
RETRIBUTION : A severe deserved punish-
ment.
RINGLEADER : One who leads others to do
wrong or make trouble.
RODENT : A small herbivore usually
considered a pest..
RUSSOPHILE : An admirer of the Russian
people, language, manners or
way of life.
RUSSOPHOBE : One who dislikes the
Russians and Russia.
SABOTAGE : Wanton destruction especially
of a factory, etc. b y
dissatis- fied workers.
SACRILEGE : The violation or profaning of
sacred things.
SANATORIUM : A place for invalids and
convalescents.
SANCTIMONIOUS : Making a show of piety.
SCAFFOLD : A structure on which criminals
used to be hanged.
SCEPTIC : Person who doubts the truth
of what he is told.
SCUBA : An instrument used for
breathing when swimming
under water.
SEDENTARY : Done while sitting down.
SEER : One who can see into the
future.
SENSATIONALISM : The intentional producing of
excitement or shock.
SEPTUAGENARIAN : One in his seventies.
SILHOUETTE : Black shadow-like picture on
white background.
SIMULTANEOUSLY : Taking place or happening at
the same time.
SINECURE : Any office with good salary but
no work.
SINOPHILE : An admirer of the Chinese
people, language, manners or
way of life.
SINOPHOBE : One who dislikes the Chinese
and China.
SMALLFRY : Unimportant people.
SNIPPET : A small piece from something
spoken or written.
SOJOURN : A short stay at a place.
SPINSTER : An unmarried woman.
STALE : Something which is not fresh.
STAMPEDE : A sudden rush of a large
number of frightened people
or animals.
STELLAR : Of the stars.
STOCKBROKER : One who buys and sell shares
for others.
STOIC : One who is indifferent to pain
and pleasure.
STRATAGEM : A trick to deceive an enemy.
STRINGENT : Very strict.
SUBCUTANEOUS : Beneath the skin.
SUB JUDICE : A subject which cannot be
publicly discussed because it
is being considered by a court
of law.
SUBSIDY : Money paid by a government to
make prices lower.
SUBVERSIVE : Attempting to weaken or
overthrow authority.
SUPERANNUATED : Too old for work.
SURREAL : Having a strange, dreamlike
unreal quality.
TABLEAU : A lifelike representation of a
famous scene by a group of
people who do not move or
speak.
TAXIDERMY : The art of stuffing animals and
setting them in life-like poses.
TECHNOCRAT : A specialist in technology.
TEETOTALLER : One who abstains from all kinds
of alcoholic drinks.
TERMINATE : Come or bring to an end.
THEIST : One who believes in the
existence of God.
THEOCRACY : Government by priests.
TIMBER : Woodcutdownforbuildingetc.
TOPIARY : The art of trimming trees and
bushes to decorative shapes.
TRAITOR : One who is disloyal to his
country.
TYRANT : A ruler with complete power
who rules cruelly.
UNISEX : Of one type, used by both
males and females.
UNANIMOUS : A decision taken by the votes
of all.
UPSTART : A person who has suddenly
risen from low rank to wealth
and importance.
UXORICIDE : The killing of one’s wife.
UXORIOUS : Greatly or excessively fond of
one’s wife.
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LIST - II
CREDULOUS : Ready to believe without
sufficient evidence
ARISTOCRACY : Government by the nobility
PLUTOCRACY : Government by the wealthy
people
DEMAGOGUE : A person who can sway his
followers by his oratory
DESPERADO : One ready to do any
reckless or criminal act
EDIBLE : Fit for food
EPICURIAN : One who devoted to the
pleasures of eating and
drinking
ELECTROCUTE : Killing by means of an
electric current
ENDEMIC : A disease confined to a
particular district or place
EXTROVERT : One whose interest are
directed outward
EPHEMERAL : Existing only for a day.
EMBALM : To preserve a dead body
from decaying
EPITOME : A brief summary of a book
ENIGMA : A person, thing or
circumstance that is
puzzling
EMBARGO : An order prohibiting ships to
leave the port
ENTOMOLOGY : The study of insects
FIANCEE : One engaged to be married
FARRIES : One who shoes horses
FUGITIVE : One who runs away from
justice or the law
FANATIC : a person filled with
excessive entusiasm,
especially in religion
GEOLOGIST : One who studies about
rocks and soils
GARRISON : Military force stationed in a
fortress
HOMICIDE : The act of killing a human
being
HAWKER : One who travels from place
to place selling
miscellaneous articles
HEDONIST : One who believes that
pleasure is the highest tool.
HORTICULTURE : The art of cultivating and
managing gardens
HYPERBOLE : Exaggerated statement
made for the sake of effect
HOSTAGE : Person given to an enemy as
a pledge
INVALID : A person who is sick
INCENDIARY : One who maliciously sets
fire to building
INSOLVENT : One who cannot pay one’s
debts
IGNORAMUS : An ignorant person
IMMIGRANT : One who comes into a
foreign country to settle there
INVINCIBLE : That which cannot be
conqured
INCOMBUSTIBLE : Incapable of being burnt
INVISIBLE : That which cannot be seen
IMMORTAL : Living for ever
INIMITABLE : That which cannot be
imitated
INDEFATIGABLE : Persons that cannot be
wearied
INTERNECINE : Causing destruction to both
sides
INTERPOLATE : make (spurious &
misleading) additions to a
book
JUXTAPOSE : To place side by side
LETHAL : causing death
LACONIC : Expressing in a few words
LAUNDRY : A place where clothes are
washed and ironed
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LIMNOLOGY : The study of lakes and
other fresh water bodies
MANIFESTO : A declaration of plans and
promises put forward by a
political party
MIGRATE : To move from one country
to another
METEOROLOGIST : One who studies the
elements of weather.
MISANTHROPE : One who hates mankind
METALLURGY : The science dealing with
the production of metals
MONOLOGUE : A long speech by one
person
MOBILIZE : To collect together for
service in war
MAUSOLEUM : A magnificent tomb
MACHIAVELLIAN : Unscrupulous in gaining
what is wanted
MEMENTO : Something kept or given as
a reminder
MIVIPAROUS : Producing young that are
fully developed .
MEGALOMANIAC : A person with a false
impression that he is great
and powerful.
NUMISMATICS : The study of coins
NICHE : A hollow place in wall
NEOLOGISM : A new word coined by an
author
NEPOTISM : Special favour shown by a
person in high position to
his relatives.
ORCHARD : A place where fruit trees are
grown
OPTIMIST : One who looks on the bright
side of things.
OMNISCIENT : One who knows everything
OMNIPRESENT : One who is present
everywhere
OCULIST : One who attends to the
diseases of the eye
ORNITHOLOGY : The study of birds
OBITUARY : An account, in the
newspaper, of the funeral of
one deceased
OSTLER : One who attends to horses
at an inn
OPTICIAN : One who makes or sells
eye-glasses
OOLOGY : The study of eggs
OCCIDENTAL : Belonging to the west
OSTRACIZE : Expel from society
POSTHUMOUS : Occurring after death
PLAGIARISM : Literary theft, or passing off
an author’s original work as
one’s own.
PYROTECHNICS : The art of making fireworks
PARASITE : A plant or animal growing on
another
PANACEA : A cure for all diseases
PHILATELIST : One who collects postage
stamps
PHILANTHROPIST : One who devotes his
service or wealth for the love
of mankind.
PEDANT : One who makes a display
of his learning
PEDLAR : One who goes from house
to house selling small
articles.
PAEDIATRICIAN : Doctors who treat children’s
diseases
PALAEOGRAPHY : The study of ancient modes
of writing
PHONETICS : The science of speech,
sounds and their production
PYROTECHNICS : The art of making fireworks
PROTAGONIST : Chief person in a drama,
story etc.
PSEUDONYM : A fictitious name used by an
author
QUACK : One who dishonestly
claims to have knowledge
and skill, esp. in medicine.
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QUARANTINE : Confinement to one place to
prevent spread of infection.
RUMINANT : A cud-chewing animal
REFUGEE : One who takes refuge in a
foreign country.
REINSTATE : Put back in a former station
or condition.
RACONTEUR : One who tells anecdotes or
stories
SOMNAMBULIST : One who walk in his sleep
SPENDTHRIFT : One who spends too much
SCULPTOR : One who carves in stone,
metal, wood, etc.
SURGEON : One who treats diseases by
operations
SANATORIUM : A hospital esp, for
tuberculosis patients and
convalescents.
SYMPOSIUM : Collection of views of
several persons on a topic
SYNONYM : A word with the same
meaning as another
SABOTAGE : Wanton destruction of a
plant by workmen
SIMULTANEOUS : happening or done at the
same time
SUPERFLUOUS : More than is needed
TEETOTALLER : One who doesn’t consume
alchoholic drinks
TRAITOR : One who betrays his
friends, ruler, country, etc.
TAXIDERMY : The art of preparing, stuffing
and mounting the skins of
animals, birds and fish.
TOPOGRAPHY : The art of representing the
physical features of a place
on a map.
THESAURUS : Lexicon, esp, a collection of
words
TABOO : An act which religion or
custon regards as
forbidden.
TRANSMIGRATION : Belief that the soul passes
at death into another body.
UTOPIAN : Ideally perfect but
impracticable
UNDERTAKER : A tradesman who manages
funerals
UPHOLSTERER : One who makes or deals in
carpets, curtains, beds,
cushioned seats, etc.
USURER : One who lends money at an
excessive rate of interest
UPSTART : One who has suddenly
risen to wealth and
importance
ULTIMATUM : final proposal of terms given
by one party to another
UNANIMOUS : Of the same opinion
VETERINARIAN : One skilled in the treatment
of diseases of animals
VAGABOND : One who wanders without
settled home
VALETUDINARIAN : One who is overanxious about
one’s health
VOLUNTEER : One who takes part in an
enterprise of his own free
will
VERBATIM : Word for word
VERSATILE : Of many sided ability
VICARIOUS : Done for another
WARREN : A place for breeding or
preserving rabbits
WINNOW : To separate the husks from
the grain
WANTON : Recklessly inconsiderate
WIDOWER : A man whose wife is dead
XENOMANIAC : A person having an
excessive attachment to
foreign living
ZOO : A place where many kinds
of animals are kept for show
ZOOLOGY : The science of animal life

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One word-substitution 2.text.marked

  • 1. Download more notes from www.BankExamsToday.com For every competitive examination a few questions can be expected from One Word Substitution. Moreover this section will certainly help you to increase your English vocabulary. The words included here will help you to write and speak English precisely and effectively. Learning them will be a great asset in life. In order to keep these words in your mind complement your study with extensive reading. One of the practical methods is to study ten to fifteen words each day. If you make it a practice, with each passing day there will be steady improvement in your knowledge. In the first part of this section we have given you a list of over 600 words which are commonly asked in One Word Substitution. In the second part we have collected some objective type questions for you to practice with. They are followed by their answers. All these questions were asked for various examinations. Learn all these words carefully. After learning each word try to use it in a sentence of your own. This method will help you to stamp the word in your mind. LIST - I ABATTOIR : A place where animals are slaughtered. ACCOMPLICE : A partner in crime. AESTHETE : A person with a highly developed sense of beauty. AFFLUENT : Wealthy; having abundance of money. AGORAPHOBIA : Unreasonable fear of open spaces. ALLEVIATE : To lessen, make less severe. ALTRUIST : One who does good work for others without thought of personal gain. AMBIDEXTROUS : Able to use the left hand as well as the right. AMBIGUOUS : A word or statement which can be interpreted in two ways. ANACHRONISM : That which appears to be in the wrong period. ANGLOPHILE : An admirer of the English people, language, manners or way of life. ANGLOPHOBE : One who dislikes the English and England. ARMISTICE : An agreement to stop fighting in a war. ARISTOCRACY : A government run by the rich and the elite people; a class of well-born people. ARTISTE : Professional singer, dancer etc. ATHEIST : A person who does not believein theexistenceof God. AUTOCRACY : A government where the power is concentrated in the hands of one person. AUTOPSY : Medical examination of a dead body. BANKRUPT : A person who cannot pay his debts. BARBARIAN : An uncivilised person. BARRICADE : Hastily erected barrier across a street. BELLIGERENT : One who is engaged in fighting a battle or war. BIBLIOGRAPHY : A list of writings on a subject. BIBLIOPHILE : One who loves books. BIOGRAPHY : The story of a person’s life. BLASPHEMOUS : One who is irreverent towards God. BREVITY : Briefness; shortness of time. BREWERY : A place where beer is made. BUREAUCRACY : A government run by civil servants. CALLIGRAPHY : The art of beautiful hand writing. CARDIOLOGIST : A doctor specialising in matters relating to the heart. CATHOLICITY : Broad outlook, free from prejudice. ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION General English
  • 2. Download more notes from www.BankExamsToday.com CELIBACY : The state of being unmarried. CHARLATAN : One who deceives others by claiming to be an expert. CIRCUMLOCUTION : A roundabout way of expression. CLAUSTROPHOBIA : A morbid fear of confined spaces. COAGULATE : Change from liquid into solid by chemical reaction. COLLOQUIAL : Suitable for ordinary informal conversation. COMBUSTIBLE : That which can catch fire and burn easily. COMEDIAN : One who plays funny parts in plays or films. COMMODITY : An article of trade or commerce. COMPATRIOT : A person belonging to one’s own country. COMPLEXION : The natural colour and appear- ance of skin. COMPULSORY : That which must be done. CONDUCTOR : That which acts as a path for electricity, heat etc. CONNOISSEUR : A person who is competent to pass critical judgement upon anything. CONSCRIPT : A person who is compelled by law to serve in the armed forces. CONSORTIUM : A combination of several businesses for a common purpose. CONTAGIOUS : That which spreads easily, especially a disease. CONTRETEMPS : An unlucky event, an unexpected set-back. CONTROVERSIAL : That which causes debate or argument. CONVENTION (2) : A formal assembly or conference of people of the same business to discuss practices. CORRIGENDUM : Something to be corrected in a printed book. COUNTERFEIT : Copy something exactly in order to deceive. COUP D’ÉTAT : Sudden overthrow of a government, especially by force. CRUISE : A sea voyage for pleasure. CYGNET : A young swan. CYNIC : One who has little faith in human sincerity or honesty. DEBACLE : A sudden complete failure. DENOUEMENT : The last part of a play, book etc. where all the complications of the plot are solved. DETERGENT : A cleaning agent, especially a synthetic substance. DETERRENT : Something to discourage people from doing wrong. DILETTANTE : An admirer of the fine arts. DISARMAMENT : Reduction of weapons by governments. DISINFORMATION : False information spread intentionally to spread propaganda. DOMICILE : A place where one lives permanently. DRAGNET : A system of connected actions and methods for catching criminals. DRUDGERY : Hard, uninteresting work. DUET : Song sung by two people together. EBULLIENT : High-spirited, exuberant. EFFEMINATE : A man who has the qualities of a woman. ENCYCLOPAEDIA : A book giving information on all branches of knowledge. ENTOMOLOGY : The scientific study of insects. EPIC : A long narrative poem. EPILOGUE : Concluding part of a literary work. ERGONOMICS : The study of the efficiency of people in their working environment. ERR : Make a mistake, do wrong. ESTUARY : The wide mouth of a river. EVOLUTION : Gradual development from simple life forms to complex ones. EXCISE : Tax on goods produced and used in a country. EXERTION : Making an effort; trying very hard to do something. EXTEMPORE : A speech made without any previous thought or preparation. EXTERMINATE : To put an end to something by killing. EXTROVERT : A person who is active, lively and enjoys the company of others.
  • 3. Download more notes from www.BankExamsToday.com EXUBERANT : Lively, high-spirited. FALLACY : A false idea or belief. FARCE : A light-hearted humorous play with silly action. FASTIDIOUS : One who cannot be easily pleased. FAVOURITISM : The practice of giving favoured treatment to certain people. FEBRILE : Of or caused by fever. FEMINIST : A supporter of the cause of women. FIANCÉE : A girl to whom a man is engaged to be married. FISSION : Splitting of the nucleus of an atom. FLOGGING : Severe beating with a whip. FLUVIAL : Of, found in, or produced by rivers. FOOLSCAP : A size of paper, also called ‘legal’ format. FOREMAN : A skilled worker in charge of other workmen. FOURTH ESTATE : Influential newspapers and journalists. FRANCOPHILE : An admirer of the French people, language, manners or way of life. FRANCOPHOBE : One who dislikes the French and France. FRATRICIDE : The murder of one’s brother. FREIGHT : Goods carried by train, ship etc. FUDDY-DUDDY : An elderly person who does not understand or approve of modern ideas. FUMIGATE : To clear of disease, bacteria etc., by means of chemical smoke. GARAGE : A building in which motorcars are parked. GARRULOUS : One who talks too much about uninteresting things. GASTRONOMY : The art and science of cooking and eating good food. GENOCIDE : Elimination or killing of a whole race. GERMANOPHILE : An admirer of the German people, language, manners or way of life. GERMANOPHOBE : One who dislikes the Germans and Germany. GERMICIDE : A medicine that kills germs. GLACIER : A mass of ice moving very slowly down a mountain valley. GLUT : A larger supply than necessary. GRAFFITI : Rough drawing or writing on public walls. GRAMINIVORE : An animal that eats grain. GRATIS : Without payment, free of cost. GUBERNATORIAL : Of a governor. HALLUCINATION : Seeing something which is not actually present. HAVEN : A place of calm and safety. HEDONIST : One who lives for pleasure. HERBIVORE : A plant-eating animal. HISTRIONICS : Overreacting in a theatrical manner. HOLOCAUST : Great destruction and the loss of many lives; the mass killing of Jews in World War II. HOLSTER : A leather holder for a pistol. HOMICIDE : The killing of one man by another man. HOMONYM : A word which agrees with another in pronun-ciation and perhaps also in spelling but is different in meaning. HONORARY : An office for which no salary is paid. HOOLIGAN : A noisy rough person who causes trouble. HORTICULTURE : The art of garden cultivation. HUB : The central part of a wheel. HYPERCRITICAL : Excessively critical. HYPOCHONDRIAC : One who has exaggerated anxiety about his health. HYPOCRITICAL : Pretence of virtue or goodness; saying one thing while thinking another. HYPOTHESIS : Supposition made as basis for reasoning. IDEALISM : Practice of forming and following ideals. IDEOLOGY : Set of ideas at the basis of certain economic or political systems. IDOLATRY : Worship of idols. IGNORAMUS : A thoroughly ignorant person. ILLEGAL : That which is contrary to law. ILLEGIBLE : Handwriting which cannot be read.
  • 4. Download more notes from www.BankExamsToday.com ILLITERATE : One who is unable to read or write. IMMEMORIAL : Too old to be remembered, ancient beyond memory. IMMINENT : About to happen. IMMORTAL : That which never dies. IMPASSABLE : That which cannot be passed through. IMPLACABLE : Impossible to satisfy, change or make less angry. IMPREGNABLE : Thatwhichcannotbeattacked or taken by force. INACCESSIBLE : That cannot be approached or reached. INAUSPICIOUS : Not of good omen. INCORPOREAL : Without a body. INCREDIBLE : That cannot be believed. INDEFATIGABLE : One who is incapable of being tired. INDELIBLE : Incapable of being effaced or cancelled or obliterated. INDIGENOUS : Belonging naturally to a place. INDOPHILE : An admirer of the Indian people, its culture, manners or way of life. INDOPHOBE : One who dislikes the Indians and India. INEDIBLE : Something which cannot be eaten. INEVITABLE : That which is bound to happen. INEXPLICABLE : That which cannot be explained. INFLAMMABLE : Capable of catching fire. INFLATE : To fill with air or gas. INGENIOUS : Very clever. INIMITABLE : Thatwhich cannot beimitated. INNATE : That which one is born with. INNOCUOUS : That which is quite harmless. INTANGIBLE : That cannot be mentally grasped. INTELLIGENTSIA : The class of people who think independently. INTOLERABLE : That which cannot be endured. INTROSPECTION : Examination of one’s own mental processes. INTUITION : Immediate apprehension by mind reasoning. INVINCIBLE : That cannot be conquered or defeated. INVULNERABLE : That which cannot be wounded. IRREPARABLE : That which cannot be repaired. IRREPROACHABLE : So good that no criticism can be made. JAYWALK : To cross streets on foot in a careless and dangerous way. JOEY : A young kangaroo. JUDICIOUS : Wise, sound in judgement. KIMONO : A loose gown of silk as worn in Japan. KNIGHTHOOD : The right to put ‘Sir’ in front of one’s name. LACKEY : One who behaves like a servant by always obeying. LAMINATE : To cover with thin sheets of metal or plastic. LEGIBLE : Capable of being read clearly. LEONINE : Of or like a lion. LEXICOGRAPHER : One who compiles diction- aries. LIBERTARIAN : One who believes that one should have freedom of expression. LIMERICK : A humorous short poem with five lines. LITERATI : People with knowledge of literature. LOQUACIOUS : One who talks a lot. LOWBROW : One who has no interest in literature, art etc. LULLABY : A pleasant song sung to send children to sleep. MACHETE : A knife with a broad heavy blade. MAGNUM OPUS : A great work of art, particularly literary. MALEDICTION : Evil, vicious speech. MANUAL : Abook giving informationabout how to work something. MANUSCRIPT : Handwritten script of a book. MARTINET : A strict disciplinarian. MASCOT : Something chosen as a symbol to bring good luck. MASOCHIST : One who enjoys pain or humiliation. MEDIOCRE : One who is neither intelligent nor dull. MEGALOMANIA : The belief that one is extremely important. MELODIOUS : Sweet sounding. MERCANTILE : Of trade and business. METEOROLOGY : The scientific study of weather conditions.
  • 5. Download more notes from www.BankExamsToday.com METICULOUS : A person who is very careful about details. MILITIA : Those trained as soldiers but not belonging to a regular army. MISANTHROPE : One who hates mankind. MISOGAMIST : One who hates marriage. MISOGYNIST : One who hates women. MONOMANIAC : One who keeps thinking of one particular thing only. MONOTHEISM : The practice of worshipping only one god. MULTINATIONAL : A company having branches in many countries. MYCOLOGY : The scientific study of fungi. NAUSEA : Strong feeling of wanting to vomit. NAUTICAL : Of sailors, ships or sailing. NEMESIS : Downfall that satisfies natural justice. NEOLOGISM : A new word. NEPOTISM : Undue favour shown by a person in power to his relatives. NOTARY : A public official who makes written statements official. NUMISMATIC : One who collects coins. OBITUARY : Notice of a person’s death in a newspaper. OBLIGATORY : That which is required to be done by law. OBSOLETE : That which is out of use, or replaced by a newer model. OMNIPOTENT : One who is all powerful. OMNISCIENT : One who knows everything. OMNIVOROUS : One who eats anything. ONTOLOGY : Philosophy concerned with the nature of existence. OPTHALMOLOGIST : An eye-doctor. OPTOMETRIST : A technician who measures your eyesight. PACHYDERM : A thick-skinned animal, especially an elephant or rhinoceros. PACIFIST : One who believes in the abolition of war. PALAEOGRAPHY : The study of ancient writing. PALAEONTOLOGY : The study of fossils. PANACEA : A remedy which can cure all diseases. PARADOX : Contradictory statement. PARASITE : One that lives on another. PARIAH : One who is not accepted by society. PATENT : Sole right to make and sell one’s own invention. PAUNCH : A man’s fat stomach. PEDANT : One who exhibits his book learning. PENULTIMATE : Last but one. PERQUISITE : Gain over and above one’s salary. PETROLOGY : The scientific study of rocks. PHILISTINE : Person of material outlook who is indifferent to culture. PHILOLOGIST : One who is well versed in the science of languages. PIGMENT : The natural colouring matter of plants and animals. PLAINTIFF : One who bring a charge against someone in court. PLATONIC : A very close, non-sexual friendship between two people. PLEBEIAN : Of the lower social classes. POLYANDRY : The practice of having more than one husband at the same time. POLYGAMY : The practise of having more than one husband or wife at the same time. POLYGLOT : One who speaks many languages. POLYGRAPH : A lie-detector. POSTHUMOUS : A child born after the death of its father. POSTSCRIPT : A note added at the end of a letter, after the signature. PRAGMATIST : One who uses common sense. PRESCIENT : Ableto foretellwhat willhappen in the future. PROFILE (1) : A side view of someone’s head. PROPELLANT : An explosive for firing a bullet or a rocket. PSEUDONYM : A pen-name assumed by a writer. PULMONARY : Of or having an effect on the lungs. QUIXOTIC : Trying to do the impossible, usually to help others, while putting oneself into danger. RACONTEUR : One who is good at telling stories in an interesting way. RAPPORT : A good relationship between two people. RECEPTIVE : Capable of receiving new ideas. RED TAPISM : Excessive use of official formalities which causes unnecessary delay.
  • 6. Download more notes from www.BankExamsToday.com REFLATION : A government policy of increasing the amount of money in circulation. REINFORCE : Strengthen by additional men or material. RENAISSANCE : A renewal of interest in art, literature etc. REQUISITION : An official demand or request. RETRIBUTION : A severe deserved punish- ment. RINGLEADER : One who leads others to do wrong or make trouble. RODENT : A small herbivore usually considered a pest.. RUSSOPHILE : An admirer of the Russian people, language, manners or way of life. RUSSOPHOBE : One who dislikes the Russians and Russia. SABOTAGE : Wanton destruction especially of a factory, etc. b y dissatis- fied workers. SACRILEGE : The violation or profaning of sacred things. SANATORIUM : A place for invalids and convalescents. SANCTIMONIOUS : Making a show of piety. SCAFFOLD : A structure on which criminals used to be hanged. SCEPTIC : Person who doubts the truth of what he is told. SCUBA : An instrument used for breathing when swimming under water. SEDENTARY : Done while sitting down. SEER : One who can see into the future. SENSATIONALISM : The intentional producing of excitement or shock. SEPTUAGENARIAN : One in his seventies. SILHOUETTE : Black shadow-like picture on white background. SIMULTANEOUSLY : Taking place or happening at the same time. SINECURE : Any office with good salary but no work. SINOPHILE : An admirer of the Chinese people, language, manners or way of life. SINOPHOBE : One who dislikes the Chinese and China. SMALLFRY : Unimportant people. SNIPPET : A small piece from something spoken or written. SOJOURN : A short stay at a place. SPINSTER : An unmarried woman. STALE : Something which is not fresh. STAMPEDE : A sudden rush of a large number of frightened people or animals. STELLAR : Of the stars. STOCKBROKER : One who buys and sell shares for others. STOIC : One who is indifferent to pain and pleasure. STRATAGEM : A trick to deceive an enemy. STRINGENT : Very strict. SUBCUTANEOUS : Beneath the skin. SUB JUDICE : A subject which cannot be publicly discussed because it is being considered by a court of law. SUBSIDY : Money paid by a government to make prices lower. SUBVERSIVE : Attempting to weaken or overthrow authority. SUPERANNUATED : Too old for work. SURREAL : Having a strange, dreamlike unreal quality. TABLEAU : A lifelike representation of a famous scene by a group of people who do not move or speak. TAXIDERMY : The art of stuffing animals and setting them in life-like poses. TECHNOCRAT : A specialist in technology. TEETOTALLER : One who abstains from all kinds of alcoholic drinks. TERMINATE : Come or bring to an end. THEIST : One who believes in the existence of God. THEOCRACY : Government by priests. TIMBER : Woodcutdownforbuildingetc. TOPIARY : The art of trimming trees and bushes to decorative shapes. TRAITOR : One who is disloyal to his country. TYRANT : A ruler with complete power who rules cruelly. UNISEX : Of one type, used by both males and females. UNANIMOUS : A decision taken by the votes of all. UPSTART : A person who has suddenly risen from low rank to wealth and importance. UXORICIDE : The killing of one’s wife. UXORIOUS : Greatly or excessively fond of one’s wife.
  • 7. Download more notes from www.BankExamsToday.com LIST - II CREDULOUS : Ready to believe without sufficient evidence ARISTOCRACY : Government by the nobility PLUTOCRACY : Government by the wealthy people DEMAGOGUE : A person who can sway his followers by his oratory DESPERADO : One ready to do any reckless or criminal act EDIBLE : Fit for food EPICURIAN : One who devoted to the pleasures of eating and drinking ELECTROCUTE : Killing by means of an electric current ENDEMIC : A disease confined to a particular district or place EXTROVERT : One whose interest are directed outward EPHEMERAL : Existing only for a day. EMBALM : To preserve a dead body from decaying EPITOME : A brief summary of a book ENIGMA : A person, thing or circumstance that is puzzling EMBARGO : An order prohibiting ships to leave the port ENTOMOLOGY : The study of insects FIANCEE : One engaged to be married FARRIES : One who shoes horses FUGITIVE : One who runs away from justice or the law FANATIC : a person filled with excessive entusiasm, especially in religion GEOLOGIST : One who studies about rocks and soils GARRISON : Military force stationed in a fortress HOMICIDE : The act of killing a human being HAWKER : One who travels from place to place selling miscellaneous articles HEDONIST : One who believes that pleasure is the highest tool. HORTICULTURE : The art of cultivating and managing gardens HYPERBOLE : Exaggerated statement made for the sake of effect HOSTAGE : Person given to an enemy as a pledge INVALID : A person who is sick INCENDIARY : One who maliciously sets fire to building INSOLVENT : One who cannot pay one’s debts IGNORAMUS : An ignorant person IMMIGRANT : One who comes into a foreign country to settle there INVINCIBLE : That which cannot be conqured INCOMBUSTIBLE : Incapable of being burnt INVISIBLE : That which cannot be seen IMMORTAL : Living for ever INIMITABLE : That which cannot be imitated INDEFATIGABLE : Persons that cannot be wearied INTERNECINE : Causing destruction to both sides INTERPOLATE : make (spurious & misleading) additions to a book JUXTAPOSE : To place side by side LETHAL : causing death LACONIC : Expressing in a few words LAUNDRY : A place where clothes are washed and ironed
  • 8. Download more notes from www.BankExamsToday.com LIMNOLOGY : The study of lakes and other fresh water bodies MANIFESTO : A declaration of plans and promises put forward by a political party MIGRATE : To move from one country to another METEOROLOGIST : One who studies the elements of weather. MISANTHROPE : One who hates mankind METALLURGY : The science dealing with the production of metals MONOLOGUE : A long speech by one person MOBILIZE : To collect together for service in war MAUSOLEUM : A magnificent tomb MACHIAVELLIAN : Unscrupulous in gaining what is wanted MEMENTO : Something kept or given as a reminder MIVIPAROUS : Producing young that are fully developed . MEGALOMANIAC : A person with a false impression that he is great and powerful. NUMISMATICS : The study of coins NICHE : A hollow place in wall NEOLOGISM : A new word coined by an author NEPOTISM : Special favour shown by a person in high position to his relatives. ORCHARD : A place where fruit trees are grown OPTIMIST : One who looks on the bright side of things. OMNISCIENT : One who knows everything OMNIPRESENT : One who is present everywhere OCULIST : One who attends to the diseases of the eye ORNITHOLOGY : The study of birds OBITUARY : An account, in the newspaper, of the funeral of one deceased OSTLER : One who attends to horses at an inn OPTICIAN : One who makes or sells eye-glasses OOLOGY : The study of eggs OCCIDENTAL : Belonging to the west OSTRACIZE : Expel from society POSTHUMOUS : Occurring after death PLAGIARISM : Literary theft, or passing off an author’s original work as one’s own. PYROTECHNICS : The art of making fireworks PARASITE : A plant or animal growing on another PANACEA : A cure for all diseases PHILATELIST : One who collects postage stamps PHILANTHROPIST : One who devotes his service or wealth for the love of mankind. PEDANT : One who makes a display of his learning PEDLAR : One who goes from house to house selling small articles. PAEDIATRICIAN : Doctors who treat children’s diseases PALAEOGRAPHY : The study of ancient modes of writing PHONETICS : The science of speech, sounds and their production PYROTECHNICS : The art of making fireworks PROTAGONIST : Chief person in a drama, story etc. PSEUDONYM : A fictitious name used by an author QUACK : One who dishonestly claims to have knowledge and skill, esp. in medicine.
  • 9. Download more notes from www.BankExamsToday.com QUARANTINE : Confinement to one place to prevent spread of infection. RUMINANT : A cud-chewing animal REFUGEE : One who takes refuge in a foreign country. REINSTATE : Put back in a former station or condition. RACONTEUR : One who tells anecdotes or stories SOMNAMBULIST : One who walk in his sleep SPENDTHRIFT : One who spends too much SCULPTOR : One who carves in stone, metal, wood, etc. SURGEON : One who treats diseases by operations SANATORIUM : A hospital esp, for tuberculosis patients and convalescents. SYMPOSIUM : Collection of views of several persons on a topic SYNONYM : A word with the same meaning as another SABOTAGE : Wanton destruction of a plant by workmen SIMULTANEOUS : happening or done at the same time SUPERFLUOUS : More than is needed TEETOTALLER : One who doesn’t consume alchoholic drinks TRAITOR : One who betrays his friends, ruler, country, etc. TAXIDERMY : The art of preparing, stuffing and mounting the skins of animals, birds and fish. TOPOGRAPHY : The art of representing the physical features of a place on a map. THESAURUS : Lexicon, esp, a collection of words TABOO : An act which religion or custon regards as forbidden. TRANSMIGRATION : Belief that the soul passes at death into another body. UTOPIAN : Ideally perfect but impracticable UNDERTAKER : A tradesman who manages funerals UPHOLSTERER : One who makes or deals in carpets, curtains, beds, cushioned seats, etc. USURER : One who lends money at an excessive rate of interest UPSTART : One who has suddenly risen to wealth and importance ULTIMATUM : final proposal of terms given by one party to another UNANIMOUS : Of the same opinion VETERINARIAN : One skilled in the treatment of diseases of animals VAGABOND : One who wanders without settled home VALETUDINARIAN : One who is overanxious about one’s health VOLUNTEER : One who takes part in an enterprise of his own free will VERBATIM : Word for word VERSATILE : Of many sided ability VICARIOUS : Done for another WARREN : A place for breeding or preserving rabbits WINNOW : To separate the husks from the grain WANTON : Recklessly inconsiderate WIDOWER : A man whose wife is dead XENOMANIAC : A person having an excessive attachment to foreign living ZOO : A place where many kinds of animals are kept for show ZOOLOGY : The science of animal life