3. EQUITORIAL LOW PRESSURE BELT
ABSENCE OF ADVECTION OF AIR
BELT OF CALM / DOLDRUM
LIGHT FEEBLE WIND
4. SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE BELT
AKA HORSE LATITUDE
THE AIR ABOVE EQUATOR MOVES TOWARDS POLES
BUT THEIR PATH DEFLECTED DUE TO CORIOLIS FORCE
( PATH LENGTH INCREASES), ENERGY REDUCED IN MID
PATH & COOLS DOWN.
5. SUBPOLAR LOW PRESSURE BELT
COLD WIND FROM POLES MOVES TOWARDS EQUATOR ,
COLLIDE WITH WARM WINDS FROM SUBTROPICAL
HIGH PRESSURE AND WARM WIND RISE UP. THIS
CREATES A LOW PRESSURE.
6. POLAR HIGH
AIR ARISEN AT SPLP DESCENDS AT POLES WHICH GIVE
RISE TO HIGH PRESSURE CONDITION . THIS HIGH
PRESSURE IS THERMALLY INDUCED.
7. PLANETARY WINDS
HORIZONTAL WINDS
PRESSURE BELT SYSTEM PROVIDES THEM THE PRESSURE GRADIENT.
CORIOLIS FORCE MODIFY THEIR DIRECTION ( WIND BLOWS IN SAME DIRECTION
THROUGHOUT YEAR).
8. TYPE OF WINDS
TRADE WINDS –MOVE TOWARDS ITCZ , DIRECTION IS EAST
TO WEST DUE TO CORIOLIS FORCE .
WESTERLIES –FROM WEST TO EAST , FROM STHP TO SPLP.
0 – 30 DEGREE –TRADE WINDS ( PLACE OF ITCZ ).
30 – 60 DEGREE – WESTERLIES
60 – 90 DEGREE – POLAR EASTERLIES
SEASONAL WINDS – IN WINTER –FROM NORTH TO SOUTH
- IN SUMMER – FROM SOTH TO NORTH
LOCAL COLD WINDS IN SIBERIA – BURAN
LOCAL COLD WINDS IN CANADA - BLIZZARD
9. TYPES OF WIND
UPPER TROPOSPHERIC WINDS
WIND ACCUMULATED ABOVE EQUATOR AND START
MOVING TOWARDS POLES .
MOVE UPWARDS TILL TROPOPAUSE ( FACE CORIOLIS
FORCE THERE).
AKA GEO STRATIC WINDS
DUE TO LESS FRICTION & HIGH SPEED, THEY ARE VERY
STRONG WINDS .
THESE WINDS ARE WESTERLIES WINDS.
ALMOST 90 DEGREE DEFLECTION DUE TO CORIOLIS
FORCE
10. TYPES OF WINDS
ROOSBY WAVES – MEANDERATION OF
WESTERLIES TO MAINTAIN ANGULAR
MUMENTAM.
JET STREAMS – AT THE MARGINS OF HEAT
CELLS
4 PERMANENT- 2 POLAR JET & 2 SUBTROPICAL
WETERLY JET STREAM.
TEMPORARY JET STREAM AT WESTERN INDIA
FROM EQUATOR IN THE MONTHS OF JUNE –
JULY – AUGUST.
11. OMEGA BLOCK / TRAVELLING DEPRESSION
JET STREAMS EMBEDDED IN
WESTERLIES CAUSE PRESSURE
VARIABILITY THATSWHY TRAVELLING
DEPRESSISON.
THE MEETING REGION OF TWO MASSES
IS KNOWN AS FRONT.
12. CONDITIONS OF LOW PRESSURE
THERMALLY INDUCED
BECAUSE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE
EX – LOW PRESSURE AT EQUATOR
CONVENTIONAL RAINFALL AT
EQUATOR.
DYNAMICALLY INDUCED
UPLIFTMENT OF WARM AIR
EX – LOW PRESSURE AT SUBPOLAR
LP BELT
FRONTAL RAINFALL
13. DEVELOPMENT OF FRONTAL CYCLONES
WHEN AIRMASS MOVES FROM THEIR SOURCE REGION (
WARM AND COLD AIRMASS FACE EACH OTHER ),
FRONT IS CREATED BETWEEN THEM CALLED
STATIONARY FRONT, THEN START CIRCULAR
MOVEMENT.
COLD AIR MAS PUSHES THE WARM AIRMASS , FORCED
UPLIFTMENT OF AIR , CIRCULAR DUE TO CORIOLIS
FORCE.
14. TYPES OF CYCLONE
EYE OF CLONE – HP , WALL- LP
TEMPERATE CYCLONE
30 – 40 DEGREE LATITUDE
DYNAMICALY INDUCED THROUGH
FRONTAL INTERACTION
WEST TO EAST MOVEMENT IN
LARGE AREAS
POWERFULL ON LAND
AFFECT MAINLAND
TROPICAL CYCLONE
8 – 20 DEGREE LATITUDE
THERMALLY INDUCED , AIR RISES
ABOVE & CORIOLIS FORCE AFFECTS.
EAST TO WEST ( SMALL AREAS)
WEAKER ON LAND
AFFECT COASTAL AREAS
REASONS – TROPICAL WARM WATER,
WARM OCEAN CURRENT
15. THUNDERSTORM
THUNDERSTORMS FORMS CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS
THUNDERING & LIGHTNING CLOUDS ACCUMULATES +VE CHARGE AT HIGH &
LOW POSITIONS & - VE CHARGE INBETWEEN.
TYPES OF THUNDERSTORMS
THERMAL – LOCALISED INTENSE HEATING OF CLOUDS
OROGRAPHIC – WHEN WARM MOIST AIR PASSES OVER MOUNTAINS
COLD FRONT – FORCEFULL UPLIFTMENT OF WARM MOIST AIR
16. TORNADO
INTENSE LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM
WHEN TORNADO PASSES OVER A WATERBODY , WATER IS SUCKED UP CALLED
WATER FRONT.
OCCURS MOSTLY IN TEMPERATE REGIONS ( 20-60 ) DEGREE.
17. POLAR VORTEX
LARGE SCALE ( 1000 KM SQ) CYCLONE AT POLES IN WINTER.
DEVELOPS AT UPPER TROPOSPHERE AND STRATOSPHERE.
DEVELPOPS DUE TO DIFFERENTIAL CREATED BTW EQUATOR AND POLES .
DEVELOPMENT OF POLAR NIGHT JET STREAMS.
ROOSBY WAVES CAN DIRUPT THEIR MOVEMENT.
18.
19. OZONE DEPLETION
INCREASE CHLORINE CONCENTRATION IN WINTERS , OZONE DEPLETION IN
SUMEMR.
POLAR VORTEX IS WEAK IN NORTERN HEMISPHERE ( ARTIC ) DUE TO OZONE
DEPLETION.
OZONE DEPLETION AT ARTIC KNOWN AS OZONE DENT.
OZONE DEPLETION AT ANTARTIC KNOWN AS OZONE HOLE .
20. PRESSURE GRADIENT CELLS
VERTICAL – HADLEY CELL ( EQUATOR TO TROPIC )& FERREL( TROPIC TO POLES )
HORIZONTAL – WALKER ( FROM PERU TO AUSTRALIA ) AKA ENSO – EL NINO
SOUTHERN OSCILATAION.
EL NINO – REVERSAL OF ATMOSPHERIC & OCEANIC ACTIVITIES RESULTING IN
RAINFALL AND DROUGHT.
LA NINO – INTENSIFICATION OF NATURAL ACTIVITIES.
