My ecosystemppt

ECOSYSTEMS
5.L.2 Understand the
interdependence of plants and
animals with their ecosystem

CLEAR LEARNING GOAL
• As a student I will be able to differentiate
between an ecosystem and a habitat.

What is an ecosystem?
• An ecosystem is all the living and non-living
factors in a specific area.
• An ecosystem exists wherever living things are
found.

What is an ecosystem?
• An ecosystem contains a collection of habitats.
• A habitat is the small area where an animal lives
and gets its resources to survive.
• EXAMPLE: If you have a dog, your dogs habitat
is the house and yard with which it lives.

CLEAR LEARNING GOAL
• As a student I will be able to differentiate
between biotic and abiotic.

ECOSYSTEM PARTS:
There are several parts necessary for an ecosystem
to be successful. These parts (or factors) can be
classified as living and non-living. Both living and
Non-living factors are essential for an organism to
survive.

ECOSYSTEM PARTS: Biotic Factors
Living Factors are called Biotic Factors
Biotic Factors of ecosystems include:
1. Plants
2. Animals
3. Fungi
4. Bacteria

ECOSYSTEM PARTS: Abiotic Factors
Non-Living Factors are called Abiotic Factors
Abiotic Factors of ecosystems include:
1. Air
2. Water
3. Soil
4. Temperature
5. Rocks

VIDEO- DISCOVERY EDUCATION
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Role of Abiotic Factors

Journal Response
• In your journal please describe the differences
between abiotic and biotic factors. Additionally,
give four examples of each.

CLEAR LEARNING GOAL
• As a student I will be able to identify the major
parts of an ecosystem.

ECOSYSTEM PARTS: OTHER PARTS
POPULATION: A population is the amount or
number of organisms from the same species in an
area.
Example: All of the squirrels in your yard or all
of the tomato plants in your garden.
In this example; your yard has a population of
squirrels and a population of plants.

ECOSYSTEM PARTS: OTHER PARTS
COMMUNITY: A community is all of the
populations found in an area.
Example: All of the tomato plants, squirrels, dogs,
cardinals, ants, and spiders in your yard combine
to create a large community.
In this example; your yard has a population of
squirrels and a population of plants but a
community that includes tomato plants and
squirrels.

ECOSYSTEM PARTS: Organisms
Plants and animals are types of organism. Each
organism plays a specific role in an ecosystem.
This role is called a NICHE.
Niche: An organisms role/job in its environment.
Examples:
1. Spider: It’s Niche is to eat other insects
2. Plants: Provide food, energy, and oxygen to
other organisms.

CLEAR LEARNING GOAL
• As a student I will be able to identify the limiting
factors that determine the size of an ecosystem

ECOSYSTEM SIZE:
Ecosystems can be different sizes. Ecosystems can
be large or small. However, the size of an
ecosystem is determined by its total Carrying
Capacity.
Carrying Capacity: Carrying Capacity is the
total amount of organisms an ecosystem can hold.
Large areas with similar ecosystems and climate
are called Biomes.

CARRYING CAPACITY:
The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is
determined by factors that limit the resources
available in the system. These factors are known
as limiting factors.
Limiting Factors are anything that controls the
population of an ecosystem

LIMITING FACTORS
EXAMPLES:
1. Amount of Food
2. Predators
3. Prey
4. Amount of Water
5. Shelter
6. Space

ECOCOLUMN- LAB DAY 4-
WATER BALANCING

Journal Response
• In your journal please describe the differences
what factors determine the size of an ecosystem.
(3-4) Sentences.

CLEAR LEARNING GOAL
• As a student I will be able to identify what a
producers is and explain their role in an
ecosystem.

A CLOSER LOOK AT PLANTS AND
ANIMALS!
As mentioned previously; every organism
in an ecosystem has a role (niche).
All organisms can be placed into
three categories:
1. Producers
2. Consumers
3. Decomposers

PRODUCERS
Producers: Producers are organisms that create
their own food and energy.
Producers use the sun’s heat energy, water, and
nutrient rich soil to create sugars. These sugars
act
as their food and provide energy.
This process is called PHOTOSYNTHESIS

PRODUCERS CONT:
ALL PLANTS ARE PRODUCERS!!!
This includes:
1. Plants
2. Flowers
3. Trees
4. Shrubs
5. Bushes
6. Grasses

PRODUCERS CONT:
ALL PLANTS ARE PRODUCERS!!!
Plants produce and provide energy to all
other organisms in the ecosystem. Without
producers animals would not be able to
survive.

ECOCOLUMN- LAB DAY 5-
WATER BALANCING

Journal Response
• In your journal please describe what a producer
is and explain what a producer’s purpose is in an
ecosystem. (4-5 sentences) Give 5 examples of
producers.

CLEAR LEARNING GOAL
consumer is and explain their role in an
ecosystem.

Consumers
Consumers: Consumers are organisms that
consume (eat) other organisms. They eat these
organisms in order to get energy.
Examples: bears, deer, rabbits, hawks, lions, tigers
There are three different types of consumers:
1. Herbivores
2. Carnivores
3. Omnivores

Consumers: Herbivores
Herbivores: Herbivores are consumers that only
eat producers (plants). These organisms eat
producers in order to gain energy.
Herbivores are also knows as PRIMARY
CONSUMERS
Examples: rabbits, grasshoppers, deer, bees,
koalas, cows, horses, sheep.

Consumers: Carnivores
Carnivores: Carnivores are consumers that only
eat meat (other consumers). These organisms eat
other animals in order to gain energy.
Carnivores are also known as higher order
consumers
Examples: lions, tigers, dogs, fox, wolves, coyotes

Consumers: Omnivores
Omnivores: Omnivores are consumers that eat
both plants (producers) and animals (consumers)
to get their energy.
Omnivores can be called secondary consumers or
higher order consumers
Examples: black bears, skunks, meerkats, bats,
pigs, humans

ECOCOLUMN- LAB DAY 5
Adding Components
Grass/beans- Planting- Terrestrial
Food/Worms/Leavers-/Pulled Grass- Decomposition
Sea Grasses/Plants- Aquatic

CLEAR LEARNING GOAL
decomposer is and explain their role in an
ecosystem.

Consumers: More info
In every ecosystem organisms are required to
hunt
for their food and protect themselves from other
organisms that threaten their safety.
Organisms that are hunting are called
PREDATORS
The organism that is being hunted is considered
the PREY

PREDATORS & PREY
An example of a predator and its prey can be
described using the example below.
An eagle spots a rabbit running through the field
and swoops down through the trees looking for a
delicious meal. The rabbit notices the threat and
takes off looking for safety.
Predator: Eagle
Prey: Rabbit

VIDEO DISCOVERY EDUCATION
• PREDATORS & PREY
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DECOMPOSERS
Decomposers: Decomposers are organisms that
break down dead matter and release the waste
into the soil to provide nutrition needed for
producers to grow.
Decomposers get their energy from feeding on
dead organisms.
When producers and consumers die they become
waste. Decomposers break down this waste.
Examples: worms, fungi, beetles, bacteria

Omnivores–Carnivores-Decomposers
In every ecosystem omnivores, carnivores, and
decomposers work together to create a system that
allows for the transfer of energy to occur from one
organism to another.

• FUNGI
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The transfer of energy from the sun
to producer to primary consumer then
To secondary consumer to higher order
consumers and recycled back by decomposers
can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN.

Food Webs:
•Are
interconnected
food chains
•They show the
feeding
relationships in
an ecosystem

Another way of showing the transfer
of energy in an ecosystem is the:
ENERGY PYRAMID

Energy Pyramids Show
•Amount of available
energy decreases for
higher level consumers
•Amount of available
energy decreases down the
food chain
•It takes a large number
of producers to support a
small number of primary
consumers
•It takes a large number
of primary consumers to
support a small number of
secondary consumers

VIDEO- DISCOVERY EDUCATION
Food Chain Mystery
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ES

ECOSYSTEMS: Two Types
There are two types of ecosystems:
1. Terrestrial
2. Aquatic

TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
Terrestrial Ecosystems are found on LAND.
Remember- Terrestrial ecosystems are found on
LAND, they are considered Land based.
Examples: Forests and grasslands

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
Aquatic Ecosystems are found in WATER.
Remember- Aquatic ecosystems are found in
Water , they are considered water based.
Aquatic ecosystems can be either fresh water or
salt water ecosystems.
Examples: Ponds, lakes, oceans.

TERRESTRIAL BIOMES
Remember: Biomes are groups of very large
ecosystems.
There are three large terrestrial ecosystems that
we will focus on. We will call these large
ecosystems biomes They are:
1. Rain Forest
2. Grassland
3. Deciduous Forest

AQUATIC BIOMES
Aquatic Ecosystems are found in WATER.
There are three large Aquatic ecosystems that
we will focus on. We will call these large
ecosystems biomes They are:
1. Salt Water Biome
2. Fresh Water Biome

Climate
• The average temperature in a tropical rainforest region would range
between 20 and 29 degrees Celsius ( 68 and 84 degrees
Fahrenheit.)
• Tropical rainforest are located at a latitude which keeps the average
temperature and day length the same throughout the entire year.
• In tropical regions where the temperatures are constantly high, the
rainfall count is greater then 1,800 to 2,500 mm a year.
• Rainfall occurs evenly over the course of the year.

Location
• Tropical Rainforests mainly grow in three different
regions; the Malesian botanical subkingdom which
includes Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines,
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuata, parts
of Indochina, tropical Australia, tropical South and
Central America, Amazon Basin, and West and
Central Africa.

Animals
• Insects make up the
largest group of
animals in the
tropical rainforest.
The tropical rainforest is
home to some of the most
beautiful birds. There are over
300 different species of
parrots alone living there.
Most of these birds reside on
or in the canopies of trees.

Animals
• Chimpanzees are one of the most
abundant species in the tropical
rainforest. They dwell off different
fruits and young leaves. They never
stay long in one place which allows
the vegetation to grow back while
they’re gone. Chimpanzees create
nests high in trees during the night
for protection.
Bengal Tigers are huge
predators in the tropical
rainforest. They are nocturnal
and are feared greatly by other
animals at night. Bengal Tigers
population is decreasing and
there is only about 4, 000 left.

Vegetation
• Strangler figs are the most plants
species to the tropical rainforest biome.
Hundreds of different animals feed off
the fruit of the fig trees. They constantly
provide a source of food for animals
because they always bear fruit.
Jambu is a small tree or
shrub that grows close to the
ground. They have leathery
leaves and the flowers grow
in clusters of 3 to 7.

Vegetation
• Bamboo is important to the tropical
rainforest environment because it often
reduces soil erosion and sucks up water
that could cause flooding. Bamboo also
provides a home for many tropical
animals and acts as a food source as
well.
Coconut trees grow in hot areas and
produce a replenishing fruit with a hard
outer shell. Inside is a white meat with a
hollow middle where the coconut milk is
present. The coconut tree provides food
for tons of animals.

Other Animals & Vegetation
• African Forest Elephant
• Dawn Bat
• Golden Lion Tamarin
• Harpy Eagle
• Jambu Fruit Dove
• King Cobra
• Kinkajou
• Linn’s Sloth
• Orangutan
• Proboscis Monkey
• Silvery Gibbon
• Slender Loris
• Sumatran Rhinoceros
• Toco Toucan
• Vampire Bat
Bougainvillea
Curare
Durian
Kapok Tree
Mangrove Forests
Tualang
ANIMALS VEGETATION

Other Information
• The Tropical Rainforest contains the most
diversity of species then any other biome
• Rainforest cover less then 6% of land surface on
Earth
• Tropical Rainforest produce about 40% of
Earth’s oxygen.
• Tropical Rainforest have more kinds of different
trees then any other biome.
• About one quarter of the medicines used today
come from rainforest plants.

Positive Effect of Humans
• With increased tourism in the
tropical rainforest, more
economic support has come
forward allowing for more
protection of the habitats to be
created.
Increased tourism has
created a positive effect
on wildlife and protection
of the rainforest species.
Some species have
increased in population
size from the help of
humans.

Negative Effect of Humans
• When agriculture was
invented, tropical rainforest
took a hit. Humans have been
able to clear large parts of the
forest to produce their crops,
turning the area into an open
farmland.
The tropical rainforest provides
people with 250 different kinds of
fruit and with the new genetic
variations people use to invade the
forest is damaging the fruit
production greatly because of the
new pests being used.

• RAIN FORESTS
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THE DECIDUOUS FOREST BIOME
CLIMATE
1. Humidity:
• 60-80%
2. Average Temperature:
• 50 Degrees F
3. Precipitation:
• 30-50 inches annually (75-125) cm
4.The Deciduous Forest climate consists of four
seasons:
• Winter (cold)
• Spring (moderately cool to warm)
• Summer (hot)
• Fall (mild)

•Oak Tree
•Birch Tree
•Flowering Dogwood
•Red Maple Tree
•Eastern Hemlock
•Witch Hazel
•Beech Tree
•Sugar Maple
***Hardwood Trees****
•Tawny Owls
•Salamander
•Black Bear
•Bobwhite Quail
•Northern
Copperhead
•White-tailed Deer
•Eastern Cottontail
Rabbit
PLANTS & ANIMALS

Burning Bush
Dogwood
Fringe Tree
Fragrant
Sumac
Ginkgo
Hop Hornbean
Oak- Bur,
White,
Scarlet
Paw Paw
Sassafras
Sweet Gum

Blueberry Bush
North
American
Red Fox
Eastern
Cottontail
Rabbit
Gray Wolf
Fungi
DECIDUOUS FOREST SAMPLE FOOD CHAIN

Interesting Facts
Location: Europe: British Isles and France through central and eastern Europe
East Asia: the Russian far East, Manchuria, Korea and Japan.
North America: Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean and south to the Gulf of Mexico.
5 Layers to a Temperate Deciduous Forest
1.Tree Stratum
2. Small Tree/ Sapling
3. Shrub
4. Herb
5. Ground
… there are many threats to the Temperate Deciduous forest, here is a list of some:
1- air pollutants from fuel burned are destroying the environments.
2- acid rain is destroying the forests causing plants to make less seeds
3- human occupation
4- forest fires
5- mining destroys the land
These threats are causing the
forests and animals population
to decrease. This biome is the
most altered in the world and if
not stopped future generations
of animals and trees will have
no home

• DECIDUOUS FOREST
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Climate and Landscape
• Temperate grassland and savannas are two types of
grassland biomes.
• Found in areas of open grassland with very few trees.
• Temperate grasslands receive low to moderate
precipitation on average per year (20-35 inches).
• Most of this precipitation is in the form of snow in
temperate grasslands of the northern hemisphere

Climate and Landscape
• Grasslands are composed of a rich mix of grasses and forbs and
underlain by some of the world's most fertile soils.
• Temperatures in temperate grasslands vary according to the
season.
• In winter, temperatures can plummet to well below freezing in some
areas.
• In summer, temperatures can reach above 90 degrees Fahrenheit.

Grassland- Animals and Plants
Vegetation
Low to moderate precipitation makes grasslands a difficult place for tall plants,
shrubs, and trees to grow.
• Grasses of this area have adapted to cold temperatures, drought, and occasional
fires. These grasses have deep, massive root systems that take hold in the soil. This
allows the grasses to remain firmly rooted in the ground to reduce erosion and to
conserve water.
Grassland vegetation can either be short or tall. In areas that receive little
precipitation, grasses remain low to the ground.
• Taller grasses can be found in warmer areas that receive more rainfall.
• Some examples of plants in grasslands include: buffalo grass, cacti, sagebrush,
perennial grasses, sunflowers, clovers, and wild indigos.

Animals and PlantsWildlife
Grasslands are home to many large herbivores.
• Including bison, gazelles, zebras, rhinoceroses, and wild horses.
• Carnivores like lions and wolves are also found in temperate
grasslands.
• Other animals of this region include: deer, prairie dogs, mice, jack rabbits,
skunks, coyotes, snakes, foxes, owls, badgers, blackbirds, grasshoppers,
meadowlarks, sparrows, quails, and hawks.’
Grassland- Animals and Plants

Human Impacts
• Humans have caused a lot of changes to the Grassland
Biome. Large areas of grassland have been turned into
farmlands for growing crops and for grazing cattle.
• Sometimes, fires are started by humans and can spread
quickly through grasses and damage the soils.
• A large number of animals have been hunted for their
valuable body parts. For example, elephants were shot
for their tusks, lions were killed for their fur and bison
were hunted for their meats.

Threatened Species
• Buffalo and bison were hunted to near extinction for their
meat, fur, horns, etc.
• Fortunately, the hunting of these animals had been banned.
Today, only about 1% of grasslands is officially protected but
governments are now more aware of this issue.
• National parks have been set up to preserve the grasslands and
grasses are replanted in some other places where grasses have
been cleared for farming. This increasing awareness for
protecting the grassland has biome become more apparent over
the years

Interesting Fact
• In the past, 40 percent of the earth
was covered by grasslands. Today, the
figure is down to less than 20 percent.
Overgrazing by domestic animals and
other human impacts are what have
contributed to this decline.

• GRASSLAND
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AQUATIC BIOMES
Aquatic biomes cover about 75% of the Earth’s
surface. Because of this, the Aquatic biomes are
considered to be the largest ecosystems on Earth.
The water biome is divided into two categories:
1. Freshwater- lakes, ponds, rivers, streams
2. Marine/Saltwater- oceans

THE SALTWATER BIOME
AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM WITH A LARGE
AMOUNT OF SALT CONTENT
The aquatic biome includes:
oceans, salt water marshes, glaciers, and estuaries
DIVIDED INTO THREE ZONES:
1. Shallow Ocean Zone
2. Middle Ocean Zone
3. Deep ocean zone

THE SALTWATER BIOME
SHALLOW
OCEAN ZONE
DEEP OCEAN
ZONE
MIDDLE
OCEAN ZONE
Majority of organisms live
near the shoreline down as
far deep as the continental
shelf!

THE SHALLOW OCEAN ZONE
Most of the organisms that live in the SALT WATER
BIOME will stay near the surface of the water near
the coastline.
REASONS:
1. Sunlight
2. Warm water
3. Abundant Food

THE SALTWATER BIOME- PLANTS
SEA
GRASSES

SEAWEED

ALGAE

CORAL

THE SALTWATER BIOME- ANIMALS
SEA TURTLE

JELLY FISH

FISH

WHALES

SHARKS

OCTOPUSES

DOLPHINS

THE SALTWATER BIOME- DECOMPOSERS
ENCHINODERMS

BACTERIA

FUNGI

• SALTWATER MARSHES
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