CLASS 11 POLITICAL SCIENCE (NCERT CHAPTER 2)

1. FREEDOM
PRESENTED BY : TIRU GOEL
ENROLLMENT NO:
07314902117
B.ed 2017-2019

2. IDEAL OF FREEDOM
• the power or right to act, speak, or think
as one wants.
• the state of not being imprisoned or
enslaved ie absence of constraints
• the state of being unrestricted and able to
move easily.
• the state of not being subject to or
affected by something undesirable.

3. SOURCES OF CONSTRAINTS
• Power of the rulers
• Form of government
• Social inequality
• Economic inequality

4. WHY DO WE NEED CONSTRAINTS
• Differences may exist between people
regarding their ideas and opinions
• To always ensure healthy competition in
the political and social environments
• To avoid un-necessary quarrels , open
conflicts and violence
• To maintain the framework of law

5. THE HARM PRINCIPLE
• The harm principle states that the only actions
that can be prevented are ones that create harm
• In other words, a person can do whatever he
wants as long as his actions do not harm others
• If a person's actions only affect himself, then
society, which includes the government, should
not be able to stop a person from doing what he
wants. This even includes actions that a person
may do that would harm the person himself.
•

6. • The first is that the harm principle comes from
another principle called the principle of utility.
• The principle of utility states that people
should only do those things that bring the
greatest amount of happiness to the greatest
number of people.
• So, if a person is trying to decide between two
things, he should choose the option that
makes the most people happy.