This document provides an overview of different definitions of psychology. It discusses psychology as the study of the soul, the science of behavior, and more modern comprehensive definitions that view psychology as the scientific study of both mind and behavior, and their application to solving human problems. Key figures like Sigmund Freud are mentioned in regards to how they viewed and contributed to defining the field of psychology.
1. Essay on The Psychology of Parenting Styles
The Psychology of Parenting Styles
Would you have come out different if your parents used a different parenting style? If you are considered "cool" now could you have come out a
nerd if your parents would have used a different parenting style? "Parenting style is one of the primary determinants of your child's outcome whether
he succeeds, achieves, meets the challenges, flounders, gives up, or runs from or fails in handling life." (6) The purpose of this paper is to describe
the outcomes, processes, labor, and techniques of parenting in a psychological point of view. Parentingstyles are defined as the "manner in which
parents express their beliefs on how to be a good or bad parent." (4) Each parenting style has its weaknesses and...show more content...
Permissive parents allow complete freedom to their children and there is very little discipline visible. Permissive parenting was "Popular in the
1950's and 1960's" because of all the troubles going on during WWII. (5) They like to tell their kids "One more time..." whenever the kids do
something bad. An example can be if Timmy asks his parents if he can go to a party. They tell him he has to be home by 10pm. Then his parents tell
him the limit is 10pm. Then he suggests 12pm and because they do not want Timmy to be angry with them they let him do whatever he wants.
Permissive parents have a fear that their kids will not like them. Unlike authoritarian parents, permissive parents make rules but they never enforce the
rules. The children in this parenting style are usually immature, dependant, aggressive, and unhappy. They do not do well academically because of their
inability to regulate to the school rules.
Now we come to the democratic parenting style. This is the best parenting style when it comes to raising a child in a healthy environment. Democratic
parents make rules but they are flexible with their rules depending on the different situations. Democratic parents also have more open and honest
relationships with their children. They allow their children more of a chance to take responsibility and learn from their mistakes.
One thing you should remember when you are raising a child is that your child should not be afraid of you. When
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2. Psychology and Human Behavior Essay
Psychology and Human Behavior What makes people behave the way they do? Can anyone analyse 12 billion brain cells to determine how and why the
mind functions the way it does?How is it that people being similar in physiological terms, are yet so different in psychological terms?
Man has a multiple nature,there is a constant conflict...between good & evil, between the urges & restricting forces, between thoughts & feelings, head
& heart, soul & body,lower nature & upper nature,...show more content...
The book says Yes! The answer is Transactional Analysis..TA, which is a tool to map the blue print of the mind. Dr.Thomas Harris, a disciple of
Dr.Sullivan, working with Dr, Eric Berne, came out with the theory in early 70's and wrote this book, which was a bestseller.
Dr. Penfield, a neuro–surgeon, conducted a variety of experiments in 1950's using electrodes to stimulate various parts and spots of the brain. The
experiments revealed that;
a) Not only the past events are recorded in detail by human brain, but also the feelings associated with the events. Both are inexorably locked together,
one cannot be evoked without the other.
b) Brain is a high fidelity recorder that puts on tape every experience right from birth, even before birth. It is a unique recorder that can not only record
images and sounds, but also sights,smells,feelings and emotions too.
c) Experiences can not only be recalled, but also be re–lived.
d) Persons can live in two states at a time. Being in the present,one can re–visit and re–live the past as an observer,guest.
Dr Harris and Berne take over from here. The theory of TA, as I have understood is as follows;
The unit of social intercourse is a transaction which comprises of a stimulus, and a response. Both these can be verbal or non verbal communications
which indicate a transaction. If the transactions are analysed, one can analyse the human nature.
Parent(P), Adult (A), and Child(C), are three parts of any person's
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3. Essay on my interest in psychology
my interest in psychology
I have always been intrigued by the mental processes of humans and animals. As a young child and into adolescence, as a student and teacher and as a
caregiver, I have always been interested in psychology in one form or another. This essay will reflect not only the development of my interest in
psychology, but the development of myself as a person.
I was born into a family with Native American heritage that practiced a strict protestant religion. As a child, I would often wonder why people's
attitudes, behaviors and beliefs could be so different from one another. I wondered why some people believed in things with great zeal, yetother people
believed the contrary just as vehemently....show more content...
I then went back to school with more determination and plunged myself into more psychology classes.
In these classes, I found myself naturally drawn to the topics of research methods and statistics. These two academic areas in particular provided an
environment in which I was able to develop and excercise my naturally analytical way of thinking. I then geared my undergraduate education towards
learning to perform research in psychology by taking more research and science based psychology classes. Additionally, I sought out and obtained
research assistantships with professors of cognition, physiological and clinical psychology. Specifically, I have been a primary research assistant for an
investigation of the effect of irony on recall and recognition, an investigation of the performance of children with and without Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on a computer anticipation task, and an investigation of the effect of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on ADHD–like
behavior in laboratory rats. I have also assisted in literature reviews in the area of receptive language and Autism, as well as a review on sleep and
genetics. In addition, I have been a participant recruiter for a research project on familial inheritance of depression and REM sleep abnormalities. For
complete information, please see my attached curriculum vitae.
4. While taking research–based courses, I found that I had another natural inclination:
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5. Psychology : Psychology And Psychology
In the future, I ultimately intend to be a psychologist. With being a psychologist, I am taking on the responsibility on how to lead people into having an
overall better life and promote positive change for them. Psychologists often specialize in studying and examining the brain and human behavior. That
being said, psychology is a very important branch of science that attempts to help us stay sane!
Already getting started next year, I enrolled into a psychology class to get a jumpstart for when I go into college. I chose to enroll into the
psychology class because the human mind is something that is very complex and diverse. By me taking this class, I am partially more ahead and more
taught than that of a student who doesn't take the class. And that way, when I get into the psychology major, I have a small intake of what it is all about.
Once I'm done with taking the high school courses of psychology, I plan on going to the University of California, Los Angeles to further continue my
soon–to–be career. Researching the top ranked colleges of the psychology major, UCLA is ranked number 2! Me being in the psychology classes
might possibly give me a better look into wanting to study at the number 2 ranked college for psychology, so it should be a win–win situation.
In order to become a psychologist, there are certain classes that you have to enroll in. The required classes that you have to take into having the
psychology major are statistics, experimental methods/research
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6. Psychology Experiment Essay examples
Title: An investigation into the impact of group pressure on an individual's estimate of the amount of beads in a pot (ginger granules in a jar).
IV = Group/Individual
DV = Individual beads estimate
Abstract
This experiment investigated the impact of group pressure on the individual. The hypothesis is that group pressure does indeed impact on the
individual and in this case the individual's estimate of the number of ginger granules in a jar. Participants were asked to make a judgement of the
number of ginger granules in a jar, first individually and then as a group. The individual participants were then interviewed again to see if their
estimates had changed. The results proved the hypothesis that group pressure does make an impact...show more content...
It will be performed using a method similar to the one used by Jenness in his experiment. This will in effect test the reproducibility and validity of the
Jenness experiment. There are no contentious or controversial issues surrounding this experiment and its method, and it is certainly within the law i.e.
there are no deceptions or misleading intentions toward the participant; it is fair.
Hypothesis
The influence of group pressure will affect individuals' estimates of the number of ginger granules in a glass jar. The estimate of the individual will
change after a group decision to lie closer to the figure of the group.
Method
The IV was the group or individual, and the DV was the number of ginger granules in the glass jar. Two separate rooms were used; one for interview
of the individual – one at a time. When not being interviewed the individual was instructed to go the second room where the rest of the group resided –
for the period of the experiment. Both rooms contained only the subjects of the experiment, and of course the experimenter, and no one else was
permitted into the aforementioned areas. Television, radio and other forms of communicative devices were forbidden from these areas.
The participants were three members of a family. The first was male and 67 years of age. The second was female and 52 years old. The third member
of the family was male, and 25 years old.
7. Materials: * Jar of ginger granules * Watch * Sheets of paper
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8. Essay on Motivation in Psychology
The human mind is designed with the innate ability to achieve anything. The interesting part of this paper is how we all use different triggers and
motivations to goad us into gear. Motivation is an area of psychology that has gotten a great deal of attention, especially in the recent years. There are
several distinct theories of motivation we will discuss in this section. Some include basic biological forces, while others seem to transcend concrete
explanation. All creatures are born with specific innate knowledge about how to survive. Animals are born with the capacity and often times knowledge
of how to survive by spinning webs, building nests, avoiding danger, and reproducing. These innate tendencies are preprogrammed at birth,...show more
content...
This theory focused on how children socialize and how they develop their sense of self. This happens in eight distinct stages. I will only be discussing
the ones that occur from birth to puberty. Each developmental stage has two possible outcomes. According to the theory, successful completion of each
stage results in a healthy personality and successful interactions with others. Failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to
complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self. These stages, however, can be resolved successfully at a later time.
The first stage is trust or mistrust. This stage begins from birth to one year, children begin to learn the ability to trust others based upon the consistency
of their caregiver. If trust develops successfully, the child gains confidence and security in the world around him and is able to feel secure even when
threatened. Unsuccessful completion of this stage can result in an inability to trust, and therefore a sense of fear about the inconsistent world. It may
result in anxiety, heightened insecurities, and an over feeling of mistrust in the world around them.
The next definable stage is autonomy or shame which begins between the ages of one and three, children begin to assert their independence, by
walking away from their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making choices about what they like to wear, to eat,
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9. Ethics in Psychology Essay
Ethics in Psychology Our country was founded on certain moral principles. The moral principles which guide our lives are referred to as ethics.
These ethics have an impact on how we interact with the world around us and shape our personalities; this happens even if we do not realize their
immediate impact. It is for this very reason that ethics in psychological research became necessary. "One may also define ethics as a method,
procedure, or perspective for deciding how to act and for analyzing complex problems and issues" (Resnik, 2011). We are expected to behave or be
treated a particular way in society, therefore we should be granted certain ethical treatments in regards to research. Human Participants According to the
American...show more content...
Animal Subjects This is a sensitive issue area in regards to research. There are many types of research that just are not feasible to do with human
subjects; therefore the justification for non–human animals come into the experiment. Even though there are many benefits to using animals, many
animal rights groups maintain strong opposition to using animals for research. This is why the APA has developed the Committee on Animal Research
and Ethics (CARE). It is the responsibility of CARE to audit that all ethics regarding animal usage is followed ("Committee on animal," 2014). Due to
the sensitivity of testing on animals the APA has developed very strict standards regarding usage of animals as subjects. They range from justification,
housing of said animal, acquisition, and procedures. These requirements outline absolute necessity in order to reduce the unnecessary usage of animals
in testing. Therapy relationships with clients. The psychologist to patient relationship during therapy is a crucial aspect. It is within ethical guidelines
that the psychologist clearly establish his role whether it be with an individual, group, or family therapist. These roles need to be understood for the
variety of issues that may arise; one of which is the disclosure of information. Psychologists, for obvious reasons, are not to have sexual relationships
with patients or former patients within a
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10. Humanistic Psychology Essay examples
In general, human nature consists of three main parts: the mind (intellect), the body (biological makeup) and the spirit (emotional makeup). As the
mind and the body are being well explored in behaviorism and psychoanalysis, the spirit of a person has been increasingly popular from the mid–20th
century. In the early 1960s, a movement named third–force psychology started as a reaction to the defect of behaviorism and psychoanalysis to deal
fully with the human condition (Hergenhahn, 2008). This third–force movement is humanistic psychology, which refers to the combination of the
philosophy of romanticism and existentialism. Humanistic psychology instead paid more attention to each individual's potentials and highlighted the
importance...show more content...
The major difference between existential and humanistic psychology is that the former views human nature as neutral whereas the latter views it as
basically good (Hergenhahn, 2008). There is no right to determine which one is correct. I prefer believing that people at birth are naturally
kind–hearted. No one is born for being evil, and I think the reason why a man will become evil is their experiences in nurturing. This reminds me of the
Three Character Classic that is one of the Chinese classic texts. The first four verses tell us the core of Confucianism: human nature is inherently good,
which is similar to the humanistic psychology in the Western country. This idea was written in the 13th century and has come down to us. Although
there are many other opposite statements of human nature, I believe that thinking positively is better, especially for health.
When it comes back to existential psychology, the first person I want to talk about is Rollo May, an American existential psychologist. May (1967) and
other existentialists emphasized the importance of freedom and life meaning. The dual aspect of human nature is that people exist physically in the
sense and they also make the experiences meaningful by interpreting, valuing, and making decisions. In my opinion, people have the basic rights to
make their own decisions. Because of the participation of humans, the tasks needed to be done become significant.
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11. Essay about Definition of Psychology
Definition of Psychology
The term psychology comes from two Greek words: psyche, which means
1. The spirit or soul. 2. The human mind. 3. In psychoanalysis, the mind functioning as the center of thought, emotion, and behavior.
And logos, "the study of." or according to modern researches "science"
These root words were first combined in the 16th century, at a time when the human soul, spirit, or mind was seen as distinct from the body.
Definition of Psychology:
Psychology is one of the youngest sciences. It is still going through the process of its development. There has been much fierce controversy about its
definition. It has been variously defined as the science of soul,...show more content...
Great psychologist like Sigmand Freud support this fact.
The science of Behavior:
J.B. Watson described Psychology as the science of Behavior.. He said that external action or behavior is the only concern of Psychology. He totally
ignored mental processes. He said that what goes on in our mind eventually comes out as our behavior. But this is not true for all times so this was
considered incomplete.
Now a days the most comprehensive definition of Psychology is:
"Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior, and its application to solve human problems"
12. OR
"Psychology is the schematic study of behavior and mental processes"
This definition contains three elements. The first is that psychology is a scientific enterprise that obtains knowledge through systematic and objective
methods of observation and experimentation. Second is that psychologists study behavior, which refers to any action or reaction that can be measured
or observed–such as the blink of an eye, an increase in heart rate, or the unruly violence that often erupts in a mob. Third is that psychologists study the
mind, which refers to both conscious and unconscious mental states. These states cannot actually be seen, only inferred from
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13. Essay on Educational Psychology
One of the more popular areas of psychology is Educational Psychology. Educational Psychology can be explained several ways. The idea is to study
theories and concepts from different parts of psychology and apply them in educational settings. These educational settings may occur in different
school settings such as preschool. The goal of educational psychology is to create a positive student–teacher relationship. Educational psychology uses
five different types of psychology, behavioral, cognitive, developmental, and social cognitive, and constructivist in this research paper I will be
briefly discussing each type of psychology listed above. Behaviorism is the point of view where learning and behavior are described and explained in
terms...show more content...
Some examples are belief, desire, ideas and motivation. Next, cognitive psychologists think memory structures determine how information is perceived,
processed, stored, retrieved and forgotten. Cognitive psychology include perception, categorization, memory, knowledge representation, language and
thinking processes. "The relationship of cognitive psychology to classroom is like the relationship of physics to engineering. Knowledge of the mind
gleaned from cognitive psychology experiments will not tell teachers how to teach children, any more than knowledge of physics can prescribe what a
bridge should look like" (Willingham, 2009) Developmental psychology is the point of view that occurs in learners over the course of a period of time.
The developmental perspective includes theories that are continuous and discontinuous. Discontinuous theories are stage–like. The processes of
learning and development involve distinct stages, which are characterized by qualitative differences in behavior. Theorists who use discontinuous
theories use a specific beginning and end period for each stage. Continuous theories explain that learning and development generally happen in
incremental processes. Learning involves changes throughout the lifespan. "Contemporary views on the nature of cognitive development have been
vastly influenced by the work of one man. This was Jean Piaget (1896–1980), once a biologist, who turned his
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14. Essay on Psychology Class Reflection
Over the course of this class I have pieced together many things about my own life that before went unnoticed. I am now able to see things in a bit
of a different light. Now that I have been introduced to the realm of psychology I understand some of the reasons for behavior around me. I have
learned that there is a reason for most everything and a lot of our behaviors and mental processes can be explained through psychology. Studies have
been conducted for many years to try and pinpoint the source of our behavior and it is not something that most people think about every day. Having a
better understanding of why we operate the way we do will help me to better understand myself and the others around me. Our behavior at...show more
content...
role confusion stage. (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2009) It is a coping mechanism that probably stems from his childhood in some way. This is just one
example of how I am seeing the world from a more psychological perspective. I now try and form some theory about abnormal behavior rather that
just shrugging it off. While I have not really had any experience with anyone with any very serious psychological conditions I see now that there is
much more than meets the eye when it comes to their behavior. There is typically some sort of explanation that can be found in psychology and I
think if everyone had a basic understanding of psychology they would understand the abnormal behavior a little better. After this introduction to
psychology I can now also better understand my behavior and understand the things that are affecting my life. There are certain aspects in my life
that limit me from making the choices I may prefer to make. I have obligations and responsibilities that I must maintain in order to provide a
decent life for my family. There is much at stake for me and I cannot always just do whatever it is that I would like to do. As a child I was raised in
a house where honesty was the key. It has been instilled in my life and to this day I know the right thing to do is to be honest. My parents were very
good at instilling a since of honor in me. I am still not sure how they did it but I know it affected the decisions that I made and make today. I was always
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15. Reflection Paper On Social Psychology
Response to the Class Social psychology is a combination of psychology and some aspects of sociology to study the effects on people. This class, as
well as the field of psychology in general, is very interesting. There is something about learning how behaviors and thoughts of all natures can affect
everyday life; also, it is amazing how those thoughts and behaviors come from our minds as they process things throughout the day. By taking this
upper level psychology class, I learned a lot about myself in the mental sense as well as about what I am supposed to do as I go forth in life. I was a
psychology major up until a few weeks ago when I decided that this kind of class, while intriguing, was not really my plan in life. Last semester, I
took General Psychology with you, Dr. Pivik. I loved it even though it was one of my more difficult to grasp prerequisite classes. There is nothing
about this class that I would change. I just now know that my heart is in theatre and it always will be. Anytime someone asks who to take for
general psychology, I always recommend you. The classes are always so relatable because you do things like show us memes or silly commercials
instead of dry lecture to us every day. I encourage other people who want to possibly major in psychology to give it a chance because you will never
know the things that you might miss out on if you decide it is not for you without a clue of how the classes go. We talked once about what I should
take next after
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16. Essay Psychology of Dreams
Psychology of Dreams
To many people, dreams are the thoughts that occur while sleeping, having almost mystic qualities. For millennia the significance of dreams has
escaped even the brightest of philosophers and intellectuals. Many people have speculated about why people dream and what meanings the dreams
have but in recent times two theories have gained credibility in answering those questions. The first theory is Sigmund Freuds and the other is known
as the cognitive theory of dreams also known as biological determinism.
Freud presented his theory about dreams in the book The Interpretation of Dreams in 1899. In it he sets out to prove "there is a psychological
technique which makes it possible to interpret dreams" and that...show more content...
Freud outlines methods of interpreting dreams. The first is a symbolic interpretation of the dream. This method identifies symbols in the dream that
represent something in the waking life, making the dream simpler to understand if done correctly (Freud 129). The second method is to "decode" the
dream. Symbols are said to be universal and every symbol has a counterpart that it represents in the waking life. In effect the real meaning of the dream
is encoded into universal symbols and must be decoded to understand it (Freud 130).
Freud found two meanings in a dream: the manifest meaning and the latent meaning (Freud 168). The manifest meaning of a dream is what is
remembered upon waking (Felluga). The manifest meaning can reflect a situation that follows common sense and unfold in a way possible in
waking life. Other times it can take its own wild path that follows little or no logical sequence when viewed at surface level. Despite this vast
difference, both of these are influenced by the superego, a part of the mind that Freud believes houses the knowledge of the structure of society and
what is acceptable in the dreamers culture. The dream takes place on a stage or backdrop that makes sense and relates to waking life (Freud 216–17).
While the manifest meaning is useful and can itself contain a message, interpretation of it can reveal more than seen at face value.
The second meaning in a dream Freud labels the latent meaning. The latent meaning
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17. Autobiography in Psychology
Many times in people 's lives, they are asked to define their personality and they do not know how to respond. What is the actual definition of
personality and how can we define our own? Personality is a unique consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. In other words, personality is a
combination of characteristics or qualities that form the person in you. Like a painting, there are many different color schemes that combine in order to
show the big picture. There is no such thing as a person without a personality. Some people may not have very extroverted characteristics; this means
that they have a shy or colorless personality.
Now its time for me to define my personality. Who am I? What events in my life influenced the...show more content...
As long as I was friends with them, I felt secure and sure that their guidance would lead me through my journey on the road to success.
As I grew older, I noticed a change in the way I identified myself. At the age of 12, I hit puberty and my hormones were raging. I now understood
that the stalk didn 't really drop me off at my doorstep. I was now introduced to the next bond in my life, the female. Females have had a major
impact on the way a man governs his life. At this time in my life I knew to be more adamant about my hygiene and the way I present myself in
public. This way, I might attract the same girls that attracted my attention. I was fairly good at conversing with the opposite sex and this was some sort
of fulfillment in my life that greatly influenced the way I think and act, not only to impress others but also to feel good about myself.
After I hit puberty, I realized a new Joey. A more a mature Joey, who started caring for the feelings of others rather than just myself. It was a good
time for this to happen since my Bar Mitzvah was right around the corner. It was soon time for me to be recognized as a man. It was also a time
where I found myself connected to God. This spiritual feeling gave me a stronger guidance which I did not yet realize until I was a little older.
Religion is a big factor that helped me and will continue to help me get to the right places the in right way. My parents had taught me about religion to
instill
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18. Persuasive Essay About Psychology
Imagine that a friend of yours heard that you were taking a psychology class. Your friend asks you. "Why are you wasting your time with that class?
I never took a psych class but it seems like a waste of time. It seems like other fields are more important." Write a short dialogue where you either
agree or disagree with your friend about the importance of psychology. In your dialogue, include at least two pieces of evidence that support your
argument. Friend: I heard you are taking a psychology class.
Me: Yeah! Why?
Friend: Why are you wasting your time with that class? I never took a psych class but it seems like a waste of time. It seems like other fields are more
important.
Me: You can think what you wish, but the psychology field has many different branches that are beneficial to society. In psychology, we have learned
many different tools that could be used in the real world.
Friend: Like what?
Me: First, psychology has many different roots and main schools of thought. A few of them are behaviorism, cognitive, humanistic, and neuroscience.
Friend: Well, how does that make psychology more important than other fields?
Me: The main schools of thought look into many different aspects of the brain, behavior and other things of that nature. I think that it is very helpful to
understand and know how people function, think, and act, especially because we all have to live together.
Friend: Okay. I see where you're coming from but I am not sure I can fully agree with you
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19. Becoming a Clinical Psychologist Essay
Becoming a Clinical Psychologist
The word psychology can translate to mean "the science of the soul." Since Aristotle, psychology has become both a science and a profession. As a
profession, it is the application of understanding people and their behavior to help solve human problems (Careers, 1993). A psychologist usually
concentrates on one specialty that is of particular interest. There are many different fields of psychology to study. Clinical psychologists work with
people with emotional and mental problems (Career Discovery, 1997). A clinical psychologist basically prevents, evaluates, and treats mental and
emotional disorders in individuals. "Disorders range from minor problems of adjustment and normal psychological...show more content...
Many clinical psychologists conduct research and print their data. Examples of topics studied include the causes of depression or the development of
phobias. Other clinical psychologists teach and guide students of clinical psychology in an academic surrounding (Specialty, 1995). The working
conditions for a clinical psychologist is mostly the same as a psychologist in any other field of study. Clinical psychologists work in comfortable office
settings, classrooms, or laboratories. Some that are in a private practice choose to set their own hours, but may have to work evenings and weekends to
accommodate client schedules. For clinical psychologists that teach at places of education, they might divide their time between teaching, research, and
administrative responsibilities (Specialty, 1995).
A clinical psychologist needs at least a Masters degree in clinical psychology and a postgraduate diploma in clinical psychology (Hinengaro, 1998).
More than 60 percent, though, of all people who work in psychology hold a doctorate degree (Hopke, 1993). In clinical psychology the requirements
for the Ph. D. or Psy. D. degree usually include one year of internship or supervised experience. Also, "the American Board of Examiners in
Professional Psychology offers diplomas in clinical, counseling, industrial organizational, and school psychology to those people with a doctoral degree
with outstanding educational records and experience who can pass the required psychology
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20. Introduction to Psychology Essay examples
Introduction to Psychology The concern about life is a main human characteristic. No matter if his concern is concentrated in himself or in persons or
things that surround him and constitute his environment, everybody wants to know why people, himself included, behave the way they behave.
Everybody, also, wants to improve his behavior, so as to live in harmony with himself and the society. The Greek word Psychology, is a word consisted
of the words ψυχή–soul and λόγος–utterance, talk. So, generally, psychology is the science
that examines the soul. But , since the psychologists work on the problems of the personal, family, school, professional and social life, we could say,
more...show more content...
The heartbeats, the movements of our head are behavior. The way we eat, the way we drink, the way we walk, we talk, are behavior. The
construction of a bridge, the composition of a song are behavior. The fantasies of a child, the dreams of a adolescent, the illusions of an alcoholic
are behavior. Although we are all familiar with human behavior, a little do we understand or we can explain about it. Since our infancy we learn
about behavior through the experiences and the knowledge that we get by observing other people or having relations with them. Living in society
leads us to watch and try to explain the way people behave. But that is not always easy. Sometimes we cannot understand even ourselves. Psychology
comes to give answers to all this uncertainty. Therefore, according to modern psychology, the term behavior means all the conscious, unconscious,
verbal, mental and kinetic expressions of ourselves. Psychology uses statistic researches so as to distinguish the normal behavior from the abnormal
one. Such a thing is very difficult because every society has its own behavior standards, and, consequently, an act that is normal according to one
society, may be abnormal according to another. For example, polygamy is not permitted in Europe, but it is permitted in certain societies in Africa. So,
the judgement of a behavior must bear in mind the social environment in which it takes place .
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21. Child Psychology Essay
Child Psychology
Introduction
Psychology involves studying the mental functioning and general behaviors of both humans and animals. Social behavior and mental functioning of an
individual are explained by exploring the neurological and physiological processes. These include emotions, cognition, perception, motivation, attention,
brain functioning and personality. Child psychology is as well stated to be the application of psychological techniques to children where it involves
carrying out research on mental states and development of children. The development of the child both physically, mentally and emotionally, with the
help of a parent allows the identification of helpful information to any evolving challenges in child's behavior and...show more content...
Successful levels and stages of development are majorly associated with the increasing efficiency and memory capacity. These explain a progression
to higher stages and individual differences which increases by same age persons and cognitive performance. Research indicates that the performance
of children at a given age is changeable from domain to domain such as the understanding of social, mathematical, and spatial concepts that it is
impossible to place the child in a single stage. This level involves processes that define the volume and kind of information that the individual child
can process. For example, reflexes arise before birth and are still present in newborns. Sometimes, prenatal development and birth complications may
also be connected to neurodevelopmental disorders. Young children react to various motivations in various ways (Damon & Lerner, 2006). For
example infants' sight blurry in early stages improves over time.
Habituation is applied in discovering the perceptual systems which indicates that children advance earlier in developing perception compared to the
acquiring the idea of the permanence of objects. Vision, hearing, smell and taste, language, touch, and pain are the early infant sensorimotor perceptual
improvement in the infants' mental growth. Motor development, required for the child to create relationships between vision, touch and
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22. A Career as a Psychologist Essay
Psychologists are very important people; they help millions of people with their everyday struggles and problems that they have to deal with. Not
only do psychologists help people with problems that they cannot handle on their own, they also are scientists who study human minds and
behaviors. With being a psychologist, there are many different careers to choose from within this profession (Explore Health Careers). The first type
of psychologists to choose from is a clinical psychologist. Clinical psychologists help people with counseling and psychotherapy. They work with
people who have all around life problems, such as new adjustments in life. Clinical psychologists also help people who have emotional disorders or
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They also provide consolation to courts and attorneys in different types of legal proceedings (Psyris). Next is an organization psychologist, which helps
in the productivity of groups and individuals in a workplace. These types of psychologists focus on improving the function of organizations, and to keep
individuals healthy within the organization (Psyris). Another type of psychology to choose from is a counseling psychologist. These are important
psychologists because they teach people how to deal with their everyday problems. They help their patients determine their problems and help them
understand the problems they are facing. Not only do counseling psychologists help their patients with the issues they are experiencing at home but
also in their workplace or their community in general. By helping their patients identify their strengths and resources, is how counseling psychologists
help them with their problems (Bureau of Labor Statistics). The next type of psychology is the developmental psychologist. Developmental
psychologists work with psychological processes and development that takes place throughout life. They study aging and problems the elderly may
face, but this type of psychologist mainly focuses on children and adolescents (Bureau of Labor Statistics). The last type of psychologist to choose
from is the social
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