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This document provides an overview of anatomical terminology and body organization. It discusses anatomical position, regional terms for body surfaces, planes used to divide the body, and body cavities. The major body cavities are the dorsal cavity containing the brain and spinal cord, and the ventral cavity containing the heart, lungs, and digestive organs. The ventral cavity is further divided into the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

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PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College C H A P T E R Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation: Part B
Anatomical Position • Standard anatomical body position: • Body erect • Feet slightly apart • Palms facing forward Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cephalic Frontal Orbital Nasal Oral Mental Thoracic Axillary Mammary Sternal Abdominal Umbilical Pelvic Inguinal (groin) Cervical Thorax Abdomen Back (Dorsum) (a) Anterior/Ventral Pubic (genital) Upper limb Acromial Brachial (arm) Antecubital Antebrachial (forearm) Carpal (wrist) Manus (hand) Palmar Pollex Digital Lower limb Coxal (hip) Femoral (thigh) Patellar Crural (leg) Fibular or peroneal Pedal (foot) Tarsal (ankle) Metatarsal Digital Hallux Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7a
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
Regional Terms • Two major divisions of body: • Axial • Head, neck, and trunk • Appendicular • Limbs • Regional terms designate specific areas Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cephalic Frontal Orbital Nasal Oral Mental Thoracic Axillary Mammary Sternal Abdominal Umbilical Pelvic Inguinal (groin) Cervical Thorax Abdomen Back (Dorsum) (a) Anterior/Ventral Pubic (genital) Upper limb Acromial Brachial (arm) Antecubital Antebrachial (forearm) Carpal (wrist) Manus (hand) Palmar Pollex Digital Lower limb Coxal (hip) Femoral (thigh) Patellar Crural (leg) Fibular or peroneal Pedal (foot) Tarsal (ankle) Metatarsal Digital Hallux Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7a
Cephalic Otic Occipital (back of head) Cervical Back (dorsal) Upper limb Acromial Brachial (arm) Olecranal Antebrachial (forearm) Manus (hand) Metacarpal Digital Lower limb Femoral (thigh) Popliteal Sural (calf) Fibular or peroneal Pedal (foot) Calcaneal Plantar Thorax Abdomen Back (Dorsum) (b) Posterior/Dorsal Scapular Vertebral Lumbar Sacral Gluteal Perineal (between anus and external genitalia) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7b
Body Planes • Plane: Flat surface along which body or structure is cut for anatomical study Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Body Planes • Sagittal plane • Divides body vertically into right and left parts • Produces a sagittal section • Midsagittal (median) plane • Lies on midline • Parasagittal plane • Not on midline Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Body Planes • Frontal (coronal) plane • Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts • Transverse (horizontal) plane • Divides body horizontally into superior and inferior parts • Produces a cross section • Oblique section • Cuts made diagonally Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Median (midsagittal) plane Transverse plane Frontal plane (b) Transverse section Liver Pancreas Aorta Spleen (a) Frontal section (through torso) (through torso, inferior view) (c) Median section (midsagittal) Left and Rectum Intestines right lungs Vertebral column Spinal cord Subcutaneous fat layer Body wall Liver Heart Spleen Stomach Arm Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.8
Anatomical Variability • Over 90% of all anatomical structures match textbook descriptions, but: • Nerves or blood vessels may be somewhat out of place • Small muscles may be missing Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Body Cavities • Dorsal cavity • Protects nervous system • Two subdivisions: • Cranial cavity • Encases brain • Vertebral cavity • Encases spinal cord Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Body Cavities • Ventral cavity • Houses internal organs (viscera) • Two subdivisions (separated by diaphragm): • Thoracic cavity • Abdominopelvic cavity Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cranial cavity (contains brain) Dorsal body cavity Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord) Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Superior mediastinum Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity Abdomino-pelvic cavity Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs) Diaphragm Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Pelvic cavity (contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) (a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.9a-b
Ventral Body Cavities • Thoracic cavity subdivisions: • Two pleural cavities • Each houses a lung • Mediastinum • Contains pericardial cavity • Surrounds thoracic organs • Pericardial cavity • Encloses heart Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ventral Body Cavities • Abdominopelvic cavity subdivisions: • Abdominal cavity • Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver • Pelvic cavity • Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cranial cavity (contains brain) Dorsal body cavity Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord) Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Superior mediastinum Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity Abdomino-pelvic cavity Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs) Diaphragm Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Pelvic cavity (contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) (a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.9a-b
Serous Membrane (Serosa) • Thin, double-layered membrane separated by serous fluid • Parietal serosa lines internal body walls • Visceral serosa covers the internal organs Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Outer balloon wall (comparable to parietal serosa) Air (comparable to serous cavity) Inner balloon wall (comparable to visceral serosa) Heart Parietal pericardium Pericardial space with serous fluid Visceral pericardium (b) The serosae associated with the heart. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.10a-b
Abdominopelvic Regions • Nine divisions used primarily by anatomists Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.11
Abdominopelvic Quadrants • Divisions used primarily by medical personnel Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Epigastric region Umbilical region Right hypochondriac region Right lumbar region Left hypochondriac region Left lumbar region Hypogastric (pubic) region Right iliac (inguinal) region Left iliac (inguinal) region Liver Gallbladder Ascending colon of large intestine Small intestine Cecum Appendix Diaphragm Stomach Transverse colon of large intestine Descending colon of large intestine Initial part of sigmoid colon Urinary bladder (a) Nine regions delineated by four planes (b) Anterior view of the nine regions showing the superficial organs Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.12
Other Body Cavities • Oral and digestive cavities • Nasal cavity • Orbital cavities • Middle ear cavities • Synovial cavities Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Ch 01 lecture_outline_b

  • 1. PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College C H A P T E R Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation: Part B
  • 2. Anatomical Position • Standard anatomical body position: • Body erect • Feet slightly apart • Palms facing forward Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 3. Cephalic Frontal Orbital Nasal Oral Mental Thoracic Axillary Mammary Sternal Abdominal Umbilical Pelvic Inguinal (groin) Cervical Thorax Abdomen Back (Dorsum) (a) Anterior/Ventral Pubic (genital) Upper limb Acromial Brachial (arm) Antecubital Antebrachial (forearm) Carpal (wrist) Manus (hand) Palmar Pollex Digital Lower limb Coxal (hip) Femoral (thigh) Patellar Crural (leg) Fibular or peroneal Pedal (foot) Tarsal (ankle) Metatarsal Digital Hallux Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7a
  • 4. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
  • 5. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
  • 6. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
  • 7. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
  • 8. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
  • 9. Regional Terms • Two major divisions of body: • Axial • Head, neck, and trunk • Appendicular • Limbs • Regional terms designate specific areas Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 10. Cephalic Frontal Orbital Nasal Oral Mental Thoracic Axillary Mammary Sternal Abdominal Umbilical Pelvic Inguinal (groin) Cervical Thorax Abdomen Back (Dorsum) (a) Anterior/Ventral Pubic (genital) Upper limb Acromial Brachial (arm) Antecubital Antebrachial (forearm) Carpal (wrist) Manus (hand) Palmar Pollex Digital Lower limb Coxal (hip) Femoral (thigh) Patellar Crural (leg) Fibular or peroneal Pedal (foot) Tarsal (ankle) Metatarsal Digital Hallux Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7a
  • 11. Cephalic Otic Occipital (back of head) Cervical Back (dorsal) Upper limb Acromial Brachial (arm) Olecranal Antebrachial (forearm) Manus (hand) Metacarpal Digital Lower limb Femoral (thigh) Popliteal Sural (calf) Fibular or peroneal Pedal (foot) Calcaneal Plantar Thorax Abdomen Back (Dorsum) (b) Posterior/Dorsal Scapular Vertebral Lumbar Sacral Gluteal Perineal (between anus and external genitalia) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7b
  • 12. Body Planes • Plane: Flat surface along which body or structure is cut for anatomical study Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 13. Body Planes • Sagittal plane • Divides body vertically into right and left parts • Produces a sagittal section • Midsagittal (median) plane • Lies on midline • Parasagittal plane • Not on midline Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 14. Body Planes • Frontal (coronal) plane • Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts • Transverse (horizontal) plane • Divides body horizontally into superior and inferior parts • Produces a cross section • Oblique section • Cuts made diagonally Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 15. Median (midsagittal) plane Transverse plane Frontal plane (b) Transverse section Liver Pancreas Aorta Spleen (a) Frontal section (through torso) (through torso, inferior view) (c) Median section (midsagittal) Left and Rectum Intestines right lungs Vertebral column Spinal cord Subcutaneous fat layer Body wall Liver Heart Spleen Stomach Arm Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.8
  • 16. Anatomical Variability • Over 90% of all anatomical structures match textbook descriptions, but: • Nerves or blood vessels may be somewhat out of place • Small muscles may be missing Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 17. Body Cavities • Dorsal cavity • Protects nervous system • Two subdivisions: • Cranial cavity • Encases brain • Vertebral cavity • Encases spinal cord Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 18. Body Cavities • Ventral cavity • Houses internal organs (viscera) • Two subdivisions (separated by diaphragm): • Thoracic cavity • Abdominopelvic cavity Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 19. Cranial cavity (contains brain) Dorsal body cavity Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord) Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Superior mediastinum Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity Abdomino-pelvic cavity Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs) Diaphragm Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Pelvic cavity (contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) (a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.9a-b
  • 20. Ventral Body Cavities • Thoracic cavity subdivisions: • Two pleural cavities • Each houses a lung • Mediastinum • Contains pericardial cavity • Surrounds thoracic organs • Pericardial cavity • Encloses heart Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 21. Ventral Body Cavities • Abdominopelvic cavity subdivisions: • Abdominal cavity • Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver • Pelvic cavity • Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 22. Cranial cavity (contains brain) Dorsal body cavity Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord) Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Superior mediastinum Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity Abdomino-pelvic cavity Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs) Diaphragm Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Pelvic cavity (contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) (a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.9a-b
  • 23. Serous Membrane (Serosa) • Thin, double-layered membrane separated by serous fluid • Parietal serosa lines internal body walls • Visceral serosa covers the internal organs Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 24. Outer balloon wall (comparable to parietal serosa) Air (comparable to serous cavity) Inner balloon wall (comparable to visceral serosa) Heart Parietal pericardium Pericardial space with serous fluid Visceral pericardium (b) The serosae associated with the heart. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.10a-b
  • 25. Abdominopelvic Regions • Nine divisions used primarily by anatomists Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 26. Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.11
  • 27. Abdominopelvic Quadrants • Divisions used primarily by medical personnel Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
  • 28. Epigastric region Umbilical region Right hypochondriac region Right lumbar region Left hypochondriac region Left lumbar region Hypogastric (pubic) region Right iliac (inguinal) region Left iliac (inguinal) region Liver Gallbladder Ascending colon of large intestine Small intestine Cecum Appendix Diaphragm Stomach Transverse colon of large intestine Descending colon of large intestine Initial part of sigmoid colon Urinary bladder (a) Nine regions delineated by four planes (b) Anterior view of the nine regions showing the superficial organs Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.12
  • 29. Other Body Cavities • Oral and digestive cavities • Nasal cavity • Orbital cavities • Middle ear cavities • Synovial cavities Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.