The presentation discusses complementary and alternative modalities, defined as diverse medical and health care systems not typically included in conventional medicine. It elaborates on various modalities, including alternative medical systems like Ayurveda and Siddha, biological-based treatments, mind-body techniques, manipulative methods like yoga, and energy therapies such as acupuncture, all aimed at improving health and quality of life. The document also highlights the reasons for using these alternative approaches, including dissatisfaction with conventional medicine and the desire for natural healing methods.

1. PRESENTATION
ON
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE
MODALITIES
By,
Th Sarjubala Devi
MSc Nursing 1st year
Krupanidhi College of Nursing

2. DEFINITION:
“Complementary and Alternative
Modalities is a treatment techniques
whose goals are to evoke healing, taking
into account the body-mind-spirit
connection of every individual”.
- Dossey, 1995.

3. “Complementary and Alternative
Modalities is a group of diverse medical
and health care systems, practice and
products that are not generally
considered part of conventional
medicine”
- Basheer and Yaseen khan

4. REASONS TO USE :
 Poor prognosis of the disease
 Focus of care is comfort not cure
 Reduce side effects of treatment
 Desire to cover all the option
 Suggestion by family, friends and
society
 Philosophical or cultural orientation

5.  Less expensive than conventional
therapy
 Dissatisfaction with or loss of trust in
conventional medicine
 Desire to treat the disease in natural
way
 Improve the immune system
 Improve quality of life

6. TYPES:
 Alternative medical system
 Biological based treatment
 Mind body technique
 Manipulative and body based method
 Energy therapies

7. 1. Alternative medical system
 Ayurveda
 Siddha
 Unani & Tibbi
 Homeopathy
 Naturopathy

9. a. Ayurveda
 Ayurveda (science of life) is a system of
traditional medicine native to Indian
subcontinent, originated >5000 year ago.
 It is a system of healing based on
homeopathy and naturopathy with an
extensive use of herbs.
 Aims is to remove the cause of disorders,
prevent illness and harmonize body, mind
and conciousness.

10.  Ayurveda aids in maintaining good health,
increasing longevity and overall quality of
life.
 Treatment regimens include nutrition,
herbal remedies, aromatherapy, lifestyle
recommendation, massage treatment, color
and sound therapy, meditation and
rejuvenation therapy.

12. b. Siddha
 Siddharas concept is “ the healthy
soul can only be developed through a
healthy body”
 They practices intense yogic practice,
including years of fasting and
meditation.
 They assumed that when the normal
equilibrium of three humors is
disturbed disease caused.

13.  Vata is characterized by the properties of
dry, cold, light, minute, and movement.
 Pitta represents metabolism;[1] It is
characterized by heat, moistness,
liquidity, and sharpness and sourness.
 Kapha is the watery element. It is
characterized by heaviness, coldness,
tenderness, softness, slowness,
lubrication, and the carrier of nutrients. It
is the nourishing element of the body

15.  According to siddha medicine
system, diet and lifestyle play
important role in health and in curing
disease.
 Saint Thiruvalluvar explains 4
requisites of successful treatment.
These are
-the patients
-the attendent
-physician
-medicine

16.  Treatment are done in 3 method
- Devamaruthuvum ( divine method)-
medicine made from murcury, sulfur &
pashanams are used.
-Manuda maruthuvum ( rational
method)- medicine made from herb
are used like churanam, kudineer,
vadagam etc.
- Asura maruthuvum ( surgical
method)-
incision, excision, heat application,
blood letting, leech application are

19. c. Unani & Tibbi

21. d. Homeopathy:

23. e. Naturopathy:

24. The following therapies are consider as
primary importance;
 Nutrition and dietetic
 Fasting
 Structural adjustment- Osteopathy,
chiropractice, exercise etc.
 Hydrotherapy
 Healthy lifestyle
 Education.

25. OSTEOPATHY;

26.  Chiropractic is a discipline that emphasizes
diagnosis, treatment and prevention of
mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal
system, especially the spine, under the
hypothesis that such disorders affect general
health via the nervous system

27. 2. Biological based treatment
 Herbal medicine
 Nutritional therapy

28. Herbal medicine
 Examples include aspirin (from willow
bark), digoxin (from foxglove), quinine
(from cinchona bark), and morphine
(from the opium poppy).
 The development of drugs from plants
continues, with drug companies
engaged in large-scale pharmacologic
screening of herbs.

29.  Ginger: effective remedy for nausea &
vomiting.
 Tea tree oil: effective against fungal
infection
 Horse chestnut seed: can alleviate the
symptom of varicose vein.

30. Nutritional therapy

33. 3. MIND BODY TECHNIQUE

34. 3. Mind body technique
 Meditation
 Relaxation technique
 Guided imagery
 Hypnotherapy
 Biofeedback

35. a. Meditation

36.  Meditation is a
practice where an
individual uses a
technique – such as
mindfulness, or
focusing their mind on
a particular object,
thought or activity –
to train attention and
awareness, and
achieve a mentally
clear and emotionally
calm and stable state.

37.  Meditation shown favourable effect on
cardiovascular function, immunity and
brain activity .
 It often induce physical relaxation, mental
calmness & favourable emotional state such
as loving and kindness

38. b. Relaxation technique:

39.  A relaxation technique is any method,
process, procedure, or activity that helps a
person to relax; to attain a state of
increased calmness; or otherwise reduce
levels of pain, anxiety, stress or anger.
 Relaxation techniques are often employed
as one element of a wider stress
management program and can decrease
muscle tension, lower the blood pressure
and slow heart and breath rates, among
other health benefits.

40.  Relaxation techniques may be used in
combination with other techniques such
as meditation, guided imagery or
hypnotherapy.

41. c. Guided imagery

42.  Guided imagery is a form of focused
relaxation that helps create harmony
between the mind and body. It is a way of
focusing your imagination to create calm,
peaceful images in your mind, thereby
providing a “mental escape.”

43.  Guided imagery provides a powerful psychological
strategy that enhances a person’s coping skills.
Imagery involves all the senses, as well as one’s
whole body and emotions.
 It is a way of viewing ideas, feelings, experiences and
interpretations.
 Imagery can stimulate changes in bodily functions
such as heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory
patterns.
 It can help increase inner strengths to find hope,
courage and other qualities that can help to cope
with a variety of conditions.

44. d. Hypnotherapy

45.  Hypnotherapy is a type of complementary
and alternative medicine in which the
mind is used to help with a variety of
problems, such as breaking bad habits or
coping with stress.

46.  In hypnotherapy, people are guided into an
advanced state of relaxation and heightened
attention. Hypnotized people become
absorbed in the images suggested by the
hypnotherapist and are able to suspend
disbelief because their attention is more
focused & they are more open to
suggestion.
 Mechanism of hypnotherapy is poorly
understood from scientific point.

47. Helpful in treating;
 Phobias, anxiety
 Certain pain syndromes
 Conversion disorder
 Irritable bowel syndrome
 Headaches
 Asthma
 Some skin disorder like warts,
psoriasis.
 High blood pressure
 Nausea & vomiting cause by

48. e.Biofeedback

49.  Biofeedback is a method of bringing
unconcious biologic process under concious
control.
 It is a technique use to learn to control some
body's functions, such as heart rate, blood
pressure, muscle tension & brain surface by
using electronic device.
 Used to treat pain including headache,
chronic abdominal pain, stress, insomnia,
fecal and urinary incontinence, mild cognitive
impairment.

50. 4. Manipulative and body based
method:
 Yoga
 Chiropractice
 Tai Chi & Qigong

51. a. Yoga

52.  Yoga is one of the most helpful & healthy
forms of experience to manage the influence
of thinking by turning psychological and
physical force into spiritual energy.
 Main aim of yoga therapy is the mind & body
integration, which strike into the normal
healing properties of the body and helps to
restore function of body and health.

53. 3 basic parts of yoga:
 Physical posture
 Breathing technique
 Relaxation technique.

54. BENEFITS OF YOGA:
 Treating depression
 Control premature ventricular
complexes
 Beneficial in post treating strategy of
breast cancer, prevention of cancer.
 Emotional functions, Psychological
benefits.
 Treating respiratory problems.
 Fitness variations
 In diabetic patient, improve nerve
function and lower blood sugar.

55. CRITICISMS OF YOGA:
 Practice is impossible if you have limited
mobility and flexibility.
 While attempting postures without pre
exercise preparation, possibility of getting
injured.

56.  Chiropractic is a discipline that emphasizes
diagnosis, treatment and prevention of
mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal
system especially the spine, under the
hypothesis that such disorders affect general
health via the nervous system.

57. Tai Chi & Qigong

58.  It is recently been considered as an
alternative methods for lowering blood
pressure.
 Meditation including tai chi therapy, leads to
a relaxation response result in loosening the
walls of the arteries that carrying the blood
to the brain.
 Repeatative activities can positively affect
metabolic rate, heart and breathing rate and
other life supporting process.

59.  Tai chi have documented less frequent
headaches, diarrhoea and are less prone to
anger, anxiety and frustration.
 It boost energy level.

60. 5. ENERGY THERAPIES
 Massage therapy
 Accupuncture
 Reflexology
 Hand mediated biofield therapy.

61. a. Massage therapy

62.  Massage is the manipulation of soft tissues
in the body. Massage techniques are
commonly applied with hands, fingers,
elbows, knees, forearms, feet, or a device.
The purpose of massage is generally for the
treatment of body stress or pain.

63. MASSAGE HAVE BEEN SHOWN:
 Relieve muscle soreness
 Relieve back pain
 Relieve anxiety in cancer patients.
 Preventing injury to the mothers genitals
during child birth.
 Relieve chronic constipation
 Controlling asthma.

64. b. Accupuncture

65.  Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine
and a key component of traditional Chinese
medicine in which thin needles are inserted
into the skin and underlying tissue in specific
points.
 The procedure is not painful but may cause
tingling sensation.

66.  Stimulating these
specific point is
believed to unblock the
flow of qi along energy
pathways and thus
restore balance.
 Qi is described as an
energy that needs to be
in balance for good
health.
 Widely accepted in the
western country

67. c. Reflexology:

68.  Reflexology, also known as zone therapy, is
an alternative medicine involving application
of pressure to the feet and hands with
specific thumb, finger, and hand techniques
without the use of oil or lotion.
 Pressure applied to the foot is believed to
bring relaxation and healing to the
corresponding area of the body.
 Reflexologists use foot charts to guide them
as they apply pressure to specific areas

70. d. Hand mediated biofield therapy.

71.  The practitioner moves his hands over
the patients body, specifically the
affected area, without actually touching
the patients.
 Practice is based on the belief that living
beings have an energy field or aura which
extends beyond the surface of the body
that can manipulated by the therapist.

72.  Claim that it directs the flow of chi so that
the patient can heal.

73. Others therapies ;
 Aroma therapies
 Music therapies
 Photo energy therapies
 AYUSH
 Therapeutic touch
 Laughter therapy
 Art therapy
 Crying therapy
 Travelling therapy.

74. Aroma therapies

75. Aromatherapy is a holistic healing treatment
that uses natural plant extracts to promote
health and well-being. Sometimes it’s called
essential oil therapy. Aromatherapy uses
aromatic essential oils medicinally to
improve the health of the body, mind, and
spirit. It enhances both physical and
emotional health.

76. Aromatherapy works through the sense of smell
and skin absorption using products such as:
 diffusers
 aromatic spritzers
 inhalers
 bathing salts
 body oils, creams, or lotions for massage or
topical application
 facial steamers
 clay masks
It can use these alone or in any combination.

77.  Aromatherapy massage relieves tension
and improves circulation and can reduce
anxiety in short term settings such as
intensive care.
 A trial of melissa (lemon balm)
aromatherapy shows highly significant
effects in reducing agitation and
increasing social interaction in dementia
patients.

79. Music therapies

80.  Music therapy is the use of music to
improve clients' quality of life.
 Music therapy is an interpersonal process in
which a trained music therapist uses music
and all of its facets – physical, emotional,
mental, social, aesthetic, and spiritual – to
help clients improve their health and
quality of life.

81. It can be used in all ages and with a variety
of conditions, including:
 Psychiatric disorders
 Medical problems
 Physical handicaps
 Sensory impairments
 Developmental disabilities
 Substance abuse
 Communication disorders
 Interpersonal problems and aging.

82. Photo energy therapies

83.  Photo energy therapy devices emit near
infrared light typically at a wavelength of
880nm.
 This wavelength is believed to stimulate the
release of nitric oxide, an endothelium- derived
relaxing factor into the bloodstream, thus
vasodilating the capillaries and venuoles in the
microcirculatory system help in increase
circulation.
 This is used to reduce pain in diabetic & non
diabetic patients, help to address the
underlying problem of neuropathies.

84. AYUSH

85. LAUGHTER THERAPY

86.  Laughter therapy aims to get people
laughing in both group and individual
session and can help reduce stress, make
people and employees happier and more
committed, as well as improve their
interpersonal skills.

87. ART THERAPY

88.  Art is a creative method of expression used
as a therapeutic technique.
 It is defined as a form of psychotherapy that
uses art media as its primary mode of
expression and communication.
 It can successfully applied to client with
physical, mental or emotional problems,
disease and disorder.

89.  Any type of visual art can employed within
the therapeutic process including painting,
drawing, sculpting, photography and digital
art.

90. CRYING THERAPY

91.  The aim of crying therapy classes is to help
relieve stress by sobbing. People who attend
these classes listen to sad stories, or watch
sad videos and have a good cry to relieve
stress and pressure.
 New research shows that while shedding a
few tears leads to a dip in mood immediately
after the crying jag, about 90 minutes later
people report feeling even better than they
did before they had reason to cry.

92. Travelling therapy.

93.  It is a therapy from work issues, stress,
fatigue, tiredness, boredom and
loneliness.
 Many travels not only to escape the
realities but to treat their health as well.
 The stress reliever for most travelling is
also the way of coping with depression.