FOR STUDENTS

1. Hazards and Disaster Management
ASSIGNMENT#1
Submitted To:
Engr. Jamal Ahmed
Submitted By:
Taseer Raza
17-CE-93
Department of Civil Engineering,
University of Engineering &Technology, Taxila.

2. Departments that are directly and indirectly related with disaster
management in Pakistan
 Direct relation
1. National Disaster Management Commission and Authority (NDMA)
2. Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA)
3. District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
4. Pak Army
5. Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority (ERRA)
6. Federal Flood Commission (FFC)
7. 1122 Rescue Services
8. Meteorological Department
9. Alkhidmat Foundation
10. Edhi Foundation
11. Pakistan Red Crescent Society
12. Disaster Preparedness and Response Team (DPART)
13.International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC)
14.World Health Organization (WHO)
15.World Food Program (WFP)
16.United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
17.United Nations International Children’ Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
 Indirect Relation
1. Ministry of Defense
2. Ministry of Health and Food
3. Ministry of Interior
4. Ministry of Foreign Affairs
5. Ministry of finance
6. Ministry of Environment
7. PEMRA
8. National Logistic Cell (NLC)

3. Working mechanism of these organizations
1) National Disaster Management Commission and Authority (NDMA):
It was founded in August 17, 2007. Its headquarter is in Islamabad. It
works under federal government. The National Disaster Management
Authority (NDMA) was subsequently established in 2007 in line with the Act,
and serves as the implementing, coordinating and monitoring bodyfordisaster
risk management at the national level. NDMA in collaboration with national
and international partners had been in the process of strengthening the DRM
system in the country and has developed National Disaster Management Plan.
It provides aid to victims and works for rehabilitation of victims and their
property in cooperation with other organizations.
2) Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA):
PDMA comes under provincial government and its aid and funds are
issued by concerned provincial government. It was established at the time
when NDMA was formed. Both NDMA and PDMA works as a single unit
in big disasters while PDMA works individually in disasters that are of less
intensity. PDMA also gets aid and funds from International NGOs.
3) District Disaster Management Authority:
DDMA works at district level. Disaster that occurs atdistrict level and
the concerned department has ability to cope with it, then DDMA
individually works. If disaster’s intensity is so high that DDMA doesn’thave

4. ability to cope with it, then PDMA also works to rescue and rehab victims.
DDMA is financed by concerned provincial government.
4) Pak Army:
Pak army comes under Ministry of Defense. It is one of the top most
department that works during any crisis and disaster. It is one of the most
disciplined and trained department regarding crisis and disaster management

5. working in Pakistan. Our Army possess strength along with technology,
that’s why it always plays a vital role while dealing with any disaster. It
provides shelter to victims, medical assistance to wounded ones, early access
to remote areas such as hilly areas because rapid response is needed in
disaster management. Due to good reputation, our Army is also working on
UN Missions in many countries.
5) Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority (ERRA):
It was established on 24 October 2005 right after earthquake of
2005. Its purpose was to rebuild the affected ones. At that time its mission
was to “Convertthis adversity into opportunity” by reconstructing the lost
and destroyed facilities. This department includes civil servants, retired
armed forces persons and international consultants. It works only when
earthquake occurs. It comes under federal government and financed by
federal government. In 2005 many International NGOs helped building this
department by providing training and financial aid.
6) Federal Flood Commission:
It was founded in 1977. The Federal Flood Commission is an agency
under the Ministry of Water Resources of the Government of Pakistan,
responsible for the development and maintenance of flood protection and
control systems in Pakistan. Before the Federal Flood Commission was
established in 1977, the provincial governments of Pakistan were
responsible for flood prevention. After the heavy floods of 1973 and 1976

6. the Federal Flood commission (FFC) was established to coordinate anti-
flood measures on a nationwide scale.
7) 1122 Rescue:
It was established under the 2006 Punjab Emergency Service Act to
provide management ofemergencies suchas fire, flood, earthquake etc. It is
developed at provincial level and controlled by provincial government. It
performs rapid response by providing immediate assistance to victims.
8) Meteorological Department:
The Pakistan Meteorological Department, is an autonomous and
independent institution tasked with providing weather forecasts and public
warnings concerning weather forprotection, safety and general information.
It was founded in 1947. Its branches are present in every province and every
territory.
9) Al-Khidmat Foundation:
AlKhidmat Foundationis network that provides humanitarian services
across Pakistan. It is registered with the Government of Pakistan as a non-
governmental. It was established in 1940. It also works in disasters such as

7. flood, fire and earthquake. In 2005s earthquake, its workers played a vital
role.
10) Edhi Foundation:
The Edhi Foundation is a non-profit social welfare program in
Pakistan, founded byAbdul Sattar Edhi in 1951. This organization is famous
across the world and people around the globe are running it by sending aid in
form of money. It always plays a vital role in any disaster by providing
victims relief. It has world largest ambulance service.
11) Pakistan Red Crescent Society:
Pakistan Red Crescent Society is an organization that provides
emergency medical and relief services for Pakistanis. The society was
founded in 1947 after Pakistan's independence by an order called The
Pakistan Red Cross Order. Itis also NGO and it is financed by peoplearound
the globe. In every disaster it provides immediate assistance to victims. It
provides medical relief and shelter to victims of disaster.

8. 12) Disaster Preparedness and Response Team (DPART):
The Disaster Preparedness and Response Team established
in Pakistan in November 2005 following the Pakistan Quake. However, it
was notregistered as avoluntary agency until 2006. It is composedofcivilian
volunteers who give some of their time to train and in major emergencies act
as volunteer disaster workers.
13) International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC):
The International Committee of the Red Cross is a humanitarian
institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize
Laureate. In Pakistan it was founded in 1947 and plays a role in setting
emigrants. It works in every natural and manmade disaster of Pakistan.
During 2005 earthquake, it was largest NGO working for victims and later
works for rebuilding structures and victims.
14) World Health Organization (WHO):
The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the
United Nations that is concerned with international public health. It was
established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. After
disaster, there is threat of epidemics, which may lead to another disaster
regarding health. So, WHO promised to provide health assistance during and
after any disaster. This organization is working in Pakistan since
independence.

9. 15) World Food Program (WFP):
The World Food Program is the food-assistance branch of the
United Nations and the world's largest humanitarian organization addressing
hunger and promoting food security. It was founded in 1961 and its
headquarter is in Rome, Italy. It provides food to victims during disasters
such as war, drought, flood, epidemics etc.
16) United Nations Development Program (UNDP):
The United Nations Development Program is the United
Nations' global development network. Headquartered in New York City,
UNDP advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge,
experience and resources to help people build a better life. It gave funds to
country to rebuild their people by building their homes after disaster.
17) United Nation International Children’s Emergency Fund
(UNICEF):
The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund was
created by the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1946, to
provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been
devastated byWorld War II. Now its aim is to provide food to children across
the world during any disaster.
 Indirect Relation
1) Ministry of Defense:
The Ministry of Defense mobilizes the Armed Forces to provide immediate rescue
and relief through massive air and ground efforts. After the immediate response, the
armed forces assist the civil administration in setting up camps and tent villages for
the affected population. The ministry is also responsible for enhancing DRM
capacities of Cantonment Boards especially for firefighting, casualty, evacuation,
search and rescue. The armed forces can also deploy medical doctors to restore the
health of victims and professional engineers to restore the communication and
infrastructure network in an affected area.

10. 2) Ministry of Health and Food:
During and after any disaster, health and food are important
parameters that are considered on priority base. So, this ministry is
responsible for health and food and to control departments that are
made to deal with such issue.
3) Ministry of interior:
Coordinate with local and foreign organizations for technical assistance in disaster
prevention, mitigation, rehabilitation and in relief operation. Perform any other
functions as assigned by the Ministry of Interior or the cabinet. The ministry of
interior prepares evacuation guidelines for different types of disasters. The ministry
is also responsible for the training of police and other security forces in search and
rescueoperations. The forces mobilized bythis ministry evacuate the affected people
by transporting them to the camp sites and maintain law and order in the affected
areas. The security forces operating under this ministry are also utilized to manage
the traffic in the affected area.
4) Ministry of Foreign Affairs:
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs facilitates in the arrival of foreign
humanitarian workers and relief goods from the international
community. This ministry is responsible for maintaining a list of
international experts of disaster response working at embassies or
international organizations. This list must be shared with DMAs to
ensure the immediate engagement of international experts at the time
of a disaster. The ministry would also communicate the assessment of
damages and needs to the representatives of foreign countries
contemplating the provision of assistance
5) Ministry of Finance:
Ministry of Finance issues funds to departments that are
dealing with disaster. Also, it gets loan from IMF for rebuilding lost and
damaged structures.

11. 6) Ministry of Environment:
Currently this ministry is most concerned as Pakistan is
going through sudden environment changes during last 2 decades. It
has indirect relation with disaster management. For example, in
Tharparkur, Sindh peacocks are dying due to inappropriate
environment, so this ministry is responsible because it fails to manage
and provide them proper environment.
7) PEMRA:
PEMRA plays its role by guiding people and creating
awareness regarding disaster mitigation, response, management and
rehabilitation.
8) National Logistic Cell (NLC):
NLC main purpose is to rebuild lost and damaged structures
and open highways and roads that has been blocked by debris during
disaster such as land slide, earthquake and flood.
Figure 1 shows the stakeholders in disaster management activities.

12. Disasters in Pakistan in last 30 years
Disaster Location Date Affected Death toll
Extreme
temperature
Northern Areas June 11, 1991 961
Flood 9 Aug, 1992 6,184,418
Flood Sep, 1992 12,324,024 1,334
Wind storm Nov 14, 1993 609
Flood July 22, 1995 1,255,000
Flood Aug 24, 1996 1,186,131
Flood March 3, 1998 1,000
Drought March 2000 2,200,000
Earthquake Muzaffarabad October8,
2005
2,500,000 78,000
Cyclone Sindh/Baluchistan July 2007 350,000 730
Hunza Lake
Disaster
Hunza valley January 2010 20,000 20
Flood Whole Pakistan July/August
2010
20,000000 2,000
Fire Baldia Factory,
Karachi
Sep 11, 2012 289
Drought Thar Desert, Sindh From 2012 till
today
2000

13. Role of above organizations in Earthquake of October 8, 2005
The 2005 Kashmir earthquake occurred at 08:50:39 Pakistan Standard Time on 8
October in Pakistan-administered areas of Kashmir. It was centered near the city
of Muzaffarabad, and also affected Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and
Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. It registered a moment magnitude of 7.6
and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The earthquake also
affected countries in the surrounding region where tremors were felt
in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Chinese Xinjiang. Theseverity of the damage caused
by the earthquake is attributed to severe up thrust. It is considered the deadliest
earthquake to hit Asia since the 1935 Quetta earthquake.
1) Mitigation:
Hazard mitigation describes actions taken to help reduce or eliminate
long-term risks caused by hazards or disasters, such as flooding, earthquakes,
wildfires, landslides, or dam failure. As the costs ofdisasters continue to rise,
governments and citizens must find ways to reduce hazard risks to our
communities. As community’s plan for new development and improvements
to existing infrastructure, mitigation can and should be an important
component of the planning effort.
As far as 2005s earthquake, there were no mitigation. Houses and
commercial buildings were made without proper plan, that’s why it caused
huge loss. Before this disaster, peoplewere unaware ofsafety and mitigational
measures regarding earthquake. After this, NGOs guide people regarding
these measures. Now proper frame structures houses and buildings are being
made in Kashmir, KPK and Islamabad as these areas lie on tectonic plates.
2) Preparedness:
Before this disaster, peoplewere unaware of safety measures that must
be taken before, during and after earthquake. Due to unawareness, people lost
their lives. After this disaster, International Committee of Red Cross along
with PRCS organized teaching classes in affected areas regarding rapid
response and behavior before, during and after earthquake. Preparedness
regarding earthquake has three phases;

14. a) Before
Protecting your family
 Talk about earthquake with your family so that
everyone knows aboutit and reducefear in young ones.
 Keep flashlight and low-heeled shoes for each member
of house near his bed.
Protecting your house
 Learn about your area’s seismic building standards
and land use codes before you start a new
construction.
 Place large and heavy breakable objects on bottom
shelves.
 Don’t hang heavy sceneries and frames on walls.
 Make sure that you house is properly jointed to
foundation.
b) During
 Move as little as possible - most injuries during
earthquakes occurbecause of people moving
around, falling and suffering sprains, fractures and
head injuries.
 Try to protectyour head and torso.
 Before you leave any building check to make sure
that there is no debris from the building that could fall
on you.
 Find a clear spot and drop to the ground. Stay there
until the shaking stops.
 If you're in a vehicle, pull over to a clear location and
stop. Avoid bridges, overpasses and power lines if
possible.
 Stay inside with your seatbelt fastened until the
shaking stops.

15.  After the shaking has stopped, drive on carefully,
avoiding bridges and ramps that may have been
damaged
 If a power line falls on your vehicle, do not get out.
Wait for assistance.
c) After
 If away from home, return only when authorities say
it is safe to do so.
 Check yourself for injuries and get first aid, if
necessary, before helping injured or trapped persons.
 After an earthquake, the disaster may continue.
Expect and prepare for potential aftershocks,
landslides or even a tsunami if you live on a coast.
 Each time you feel an aftershock, DROP, COVER
and HOLD ON. Aftershocks frequently occur
minutes, days, weeks and even months following an
earthquake.
 Look for and extinguish small fires. Fire is the most
common hazard after an earthquake.
3) Response:
Initially, people were unaware of disaster caused by earthquake. After
few hours, media started reporting about huge disaster. Kashmir was badly
affected byearthquake. Everything was vanished and turned into debris. Right
after earthquake, heavy rain took place. It creates much more difficulty for
victims as well as rescuers.
Pak Army was first to enter affected areas and started rescuing victims.
Heavy machinery along with technical staff was employed to rescue victims
that were under debris. Also, they provide C130s to provide aid to affected
areas. Also, they provide shelter to victims and settled them in other nearby
areas of country.
International community also plays a role by providing aid to victims.
ICRC and PRCS worked together and rescued people. Technical staff and
machinery was imported and employed in affected areas. Also, they made
relief camps for victims and settled them in Rawalpindi and some other areas.

16. Propermechanism was made forlost peopleand helps them to find their loved
ones.
4) Recovery:
It was big disaster and government doesn’t have much ability to
rebuild the lost structures and help victims to rebuild their homes. So
international community plays its role and send aid in billions to help in
rebuilding affected areas. IMF issues loan to Pakistani government. ICRC and
some other departments gave financial aid and help in rebuilding the lost
structures. NLC plays its role by reconstructing damaged and lost roads and
bridges.