Irrigation /water management in Bihar

1. “BIHAR”
LAND USE STATISTICS,RIVERS,RIVER BASINS
AND COMMON IRRIGATION PRACTICES
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. INDERJEET
GULATI
SUBMITTED BY: SONAKSHEE
B.Sc AGRI
SEM III

2. BIHARTOPOGRAPHY AND LAND STATISTICS
TOTAL AREA : 9.92 million hectares
BOUNDARIES : WEST: UTTAR PRADESH
NORTH: NEPAL
EAST : WEST BENGAL
SOUTH : JHARKHAND
TOTAL CULTIVATED AREA : 5.71 millions heactare
AREA UNDER ASSURED IRRIGATION : 3.43 million hectares(6

3. RIVERS
MAIN RIVER : GANGA (DIVIDES THE STATE IN TWO PARTS I.E SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN BIHAR)
NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN BIHAR TOO HAVE MANY RIVERS ALL OF WHICH DRAINS INTO GANGA
FINALLY.
NORTHERN BIHAR : IT HAS MANY RIVERS NAMELY:BURHI GANDAK
BAGHMATI
GANDAK
GHAGRA
KOSI
MAHANANDA
THESE RIVERS ORIGINATE FROM HIMALAYAS,ARE PERENNIAL, BRINGS LOTS
OF SEDIMENTS AND CAUSES SILTING.
SOUTHERN BIHAR RIVERS : KARMNASA
SON
PUNPUN
PHALGU
SAKARI
KIUL
CHANDAN
ALL OF THEM ORIGINATE FROM CHHOTANAGPUR HIGHLANDS EXCEPTSON (AMARKANTAK PARBAT)
THESE RIVERS ARE MAINLY RAINFED

5. 12 DISTRICTS OF THE STATE ARE ON GANGA WHILE 33 ARE ON ITS TRIBUTARIES .
DRAINAGE AREA OF GANGA BASIN : 143,803 sq km
OTHER MAIN RIVERS : GANDAK : 4188sq km
BURHI GADAK : 9601 sq km
kAMALA BALAN : 4488 sq km
KOSI : 11410 sq km

6. STATUS OF GROUND WATER IN BIHAR
ANNUAL REPLENISHABLE GROUND WATER RESOURCE:
29.19BCM
NET ANNUAL AVAILIBILITY : 26.21 BCM
IRRIGATION USE :9.79 BCM
DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRY : 1.56 BCM
STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT : 43%
IRRIGATION POTENTIAL CREATED : 8.02 million hectares
OVER EXPLOITED : NIL
CRITICAL : NIL
SEMI CRITICAL : NIL
QUALITY : THERE IS FLUORIDE, IRON , NITRATE, AND
ARSENIC CONTAMINATION IN GROUNDWATER OF MOST
DISTRICTS

7. CHALLENGES
CANT HARNESS WATER CAPACITY EFFICIENTLY DUE TO
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
COUNTRYS MOST FLOOD PORNE STATE
SPECIALLY NORTH BIHAR BECAUSE RIVERS IN NORTH
BIHAR ORIGINATE FROM HIMALYAS AND BRING LOTS OF
DEPOSITS ALONG WITH IT,WHICH CAUSE ABRUPT
CHANGE
IN RIVERS FLOW.
NEPAL OPENS SLUICE GATES OF KOSI BARRAGE
AFTER HEAVY RAINS.
IGNORED MAINTAINENCE OF SLUICE GATES ALSO
RESPONSIBLE FOR FLOODS.
POOR WATER MANAGEMENT MAKES IRRIGATION
INFEASIBLE FOR MOST OF THE FARMERS
GROUNDWATER OF ALMOST ALL THE DISTRICTS
CONTAMINATED WITH ARSENIC,IRON ,NITRATE ETC

8. IRRIGATION
1.ONLY ABOUT 61% OF CULTIVATED LAND IS
IRRIGATED
MOST COMMONLY IRRIGATED BY TUBEWELLS
AND NEARBY CANALS (IF ANY)
2.REST STILL DEPEND ON RAIN
3.MANY CANALS OF BRITISH PERIOD
ONLY(LITTLE OR NO
MAINTAINENCE)
SURVEY IS GOING ON TO LAUNCH A SCHEME
WHICH AIMS
TO;
1.PROVIDE WATER TO ALL LIKELY IRRIGABLE
FIELD BY 2025
2.RECLAMATION OF WATERLOGGED AREA BY
2025
3.TO CREATE POSITIVE DEMOCRATIC
IRRIGATION
MANAGEMENT TRANSFER OF WHOLE
COMMAND AREA

10. THANK YOU