The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in the body. It has an upper rounded end with a head that forms a ball and socket joint with the hip bone. The head is directed medially and upwards. The lower end is wide and forms two large condyles. The shaft is cylindrical and convex forwards, connecting the upper and lower ends. Key parts of the upper end include the head, fovea capitis, neck, and greater and lesser trochanters, which provide attachment points for important muscles like the gluteals and iliopsoas.

1. Femur Bone
Osteology
By
DR:TAHIRA NOOR

2. FEMUR (THIGH BONE)
The femur (Latin= Thigh bone) is the longest and
strongest bone in the body.
It is part of appendicular skeleton.
Side determination
1. The upper end bears a rounded head where as the
lower end is widely expanded to form two large
condyles.
2. The head is directed medially
3. The cylindrical shaft is convex forwards.

3. Anatomical position
•The head is directed medially upwards and
slightly forwards.
•The shaft is directed obliquely downwards and
mediallay and so that the lower surfaces of two
condyles of femur lie in same horizontal plane.

4. PARTS OF FEMUR
•Upper rounded end
•A lower bicondylar end
•A long shaft

5. UPPER END
•It has following structures
•Head: It is large Ball like structure at superior
part.
It is directed, medially upwards and slightly
forward.
It forms ball and socket synovial joint at the
acetabulum of hip bone.

6. UPPER END (continued...)
Fovea capitis: A tiny pit on the head of femur.
•It allows for attachment of ligament called "the
Ligament of head of the femur"
•This ligament attaches to the sides of acetabular
notch.
Neck: This attaches to the head of femur to the
shaft and is about 3.7cm long.

7. UPPER END (continued...)
Two Trochanters= Greater and lesser trochanter.
1:Greater trochanter: Large bony process located
laterally.
•It allows for attachment of muscles such as
piriforms, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius and
vastus lateralis.
•It can be felt at the lateral side of thigh near the
hip.

8. UPPER END (continued...)
•Lesser trochanter: The lesser trochanter is
smaller and located medially on posterior region
of femur.
•It allows for attachment of papas major and
iliacus muscles.