Pakistan studies

1. Pakistan Studies’s Presentation
presented by Group 2
Here are the Group Members:
Naila Sheikh
Sana Chandio
Pirah Abbasi
Tahira khokhar

2. Here is the First topic
(Economic Institution) From
Chapter 2 Contemporary
Pakistan which is presented
by Naila Sheikh

3. Economy and
its Importance

4. Economy
• The production , distribution and
consumption of services by different agents
is known as economy.
• What it is made up of ?
• Production
• Distribution of trade
• Consumption of Goods

5. Importance of Economy

6. Economic Institution
And System

12. Economic institution:
• The Major economic institution of pakistan
are following:
• Minerals
• Agriculture
• Industries
• Trade and commers

13. 1.Minerals
• Minerals are divided into two groups.
• Metallic and 2. Non-metallic
• Metals: Here I’ll discuss some metals of Pakistan.
• Iron ore
• Copper
• Chromites
• Uranium
• The most potential and valuable minerals of Pakistan
includes; Marble, Granite, Coal, Chromite, Gypsum,
Copper, Gold, Iron Ore, Lead zinc.

14. Iron Ore:
• Iron ore is found in various
regions of Pakistan including
Nokundi, Chinot and the
largest one in Kalabagh,
Haripur and other Northern
Areas.
• the 35th largest exporter of
Iron Ore in the world.
• Most of the iron produced is
then used to make steel. Steel
is used to make automobiles,
ships, used in buildings,
furniture, paper clips, tools,
bicycles, and thousands of
other items.

15. Copper
• Most copper mined today is
used to conduct electricity -
mostly as wiring. It is also an
excellent conductor of heat and
is used in cooking utensils,
heat sinks, and heat
exchangers.
• The Reko Diq mine is located
near Reko Diq town in Chagai
District, Balochistan, Pakistan.
It is one of the largest copper
and gold mines in the world
located in the south west part of
Pakistan in Balochistan
province..

16. Chromite
• Chromite is the main
source of the metal
chromium, a metal used
to induce hardness,
toughness and chemical
resistance in steel. It was
named after its chemical
composition, chromium
oxide.
• Chromite is used as a
refractory in the production
of steel, copper, glass and
cement.

17. Uranium
• Uranium were found in several
locations in Pakistan. The Atomic
Energy Minerals Centre (AEMC) in
Lahore was responsible for the
exploration and mining operations. The
Siwalik Hills, west of Dera Ghazi
Khan, was indentified as the most
promising location
• Uranium is now used to power
commercial nuclear reactors that
produce electricity and used for
medicines, industrial, around the
world.

18. Non-Metallic
• Salt
• Gypsum
• Natural gas
• coal

19. Salt:
• Salt has long been used
for flavoring and for
preserving food. It has also
been used in dyeing and
bleaching, and the production of
pottery, soap. Today, it is widely
used in the chemical industry.
• World's largest mineral salt
reserves are found in Pakistan.
This range is located at Potwar
Plateau and the biggest salt
mine is at Khewra in district
Jhelum. Salt is also obtained
from Warchha in Khushab
district, Kala Bagh and Bahadur
Khel and also from Mauripur,
near Karachi.

20. Gypsum:
• Gypsum uses
include: manufacture of
wallboard, cement,
plaster of Paris, soil
conditioning.
• The main Gypsum
deposits occur in the
tribal areas of Dera
Ghazi Khan District.

21. Natural Gas:
• Natural gas is used to heat, cool, and
cook in industrial settings, as well.
However, it is also used in a variety of
processes such as refining metals,
stone, clay, and petroleum. Natural gas
can also be used as an alternative fuel
for cars, buses, trucks, and other
vehicles.
• In Pakistan, natural gas was discovered
in 1952 at Sui, Balochistan. In Sindh, it
was found at Khairpur, Mazrani,
Hundi, Kandhkot and Seri, while in
Punjab natural gas is found at
Dhodhak, Pir Koh, Mayyal

22. Coal:
• The coal found in Sindh,
Punjab and Baluchistan
provinces.The main
deposits include Barbara
deposits of Kuch near
Kalabagh in Mianwali
District.and also in thar.
• Coal is used for, cement
production, medicines,
tars, synthetic petroleum-
based fuels, and home
and thermal electricity.

23. 2.Agriculture
• Agriculture is the main source of national
income for most developing countries.
However, for the developed countries,
agriculture contributes a smaller per cent
age to their national income.
.
There are two kinds of agricultural
production.
1: Food crops
2: Cash crops

24. Food Crops: Cash Crops:
Wheat
Rice
Corn
Gram and pulses
Barely and millet.
Cotton
Sugarcane
Tobacco
Fruits
Food crops Cash crop
Provide food Provide cash
Grow for family Grow for large scale
Grows in plains Grows in hilly areas

25. Food crops
• Wheat: majority of population
of Pakistan eat wheat or wheat
product. This is most important
crop in our country, mostly
cultivated in sindh and Punjab.
• Rice: Cultivated in those areas
where canal is available, a lot
of water is required for rice
crop. it is also known as crop of
water. Mostly cultivated in sindh
and Punjab.

26. Corn:
•It is used to make
biscuits and cooking oil
•Cultivated in summer
season.
•Its plant is 2-6 feet tall.
•Cultivated in northern
hilly areas of Pakistan and
also in sindh and Punjab.

27. Gram and
Pulses:
•Cultivated in rain
depended areas.
•The thar area in
province Punjab is
well known for their
cultivation.

28. Barely and Millet:
•Required less
water.
•Cultivated in
Punjab and sindh.

29. Cash Crop:
• Cotton:
• Cotton is most important
cash crop of Pakistan.
• Two kinds of cotton are
cultivated in Pakistan, one
is called local cotton and
its fiber is small. The other
cotton has larger fiber
called American cotton.
• Flowers of cotton plant
turn into cotton balls
• It is used in textile
products, thread.

30. • Sugarcane:
• For its growth and
cultivation dry and
cold weather both are
harmful.
• Needs a lot of water.
• Cultivated in KPK
sindh and Punjab.

31. Tobacco:
• Mostly cultivated in
KPK.
• Tobacco is used for
cigar and cigarette

32. Fruits:
• Pakistan has various kinds of
fruits.
• Mango is most important fruit
which bring a lot of cash from
outside of the world; mango is
also called king of fruits.
• Best quality of mango produce
in sindh and Punjab.
• In addition to mango there are
orchards of oranges; melon,
dates, mulberry etc also
produce in Pakistan.

34. • There are two types of industries.
• Cottage industries
• Large scale industries or Mechanized
industries.

35. Cottage industries
• a business or manufacturing
activity carried on in
people's homes.
• Cottage manufacturing in
fabrics have
included spinning thread,
weaving cloth, sewing
garments and
shoemaking. Woodworking
and carpentry have
produced house wares such
as cabinetry and furniture.

36. Large scale industries
or Mechanized
industries.
• Large scale industries are
referred to as those
industries that are having
huge infrastructure, raw
material, high manpower
requirements and large
capital requirements
• Pakistan's manufacturing
sector is dominated
by textiles, FBT (food,
beverages, and tobacco),
Coke & Petroleum,

40. Here is the Next topic
(Foreign policy of Pakistan)
presented by Sana chandio

41. Foreign policy of pakistan:
1. Foreign policy of Pakistan General objectives
that guide the activities and relationships of
one state in its interactions with other states.
2. Jinnah perspective on pak foreign policy."our
foreign policy is one of the friendliness and
good will toward all the nations of the world.
We do not cherish aggressive design against
any country or nation. We believe in the
principle of honesty and fair play in national
and international dealing and are prepared to
make our utmost contribution to the
promotion of peace and prosperity among
the nations of the world. Pakistan will never
be found lacking in extending it's material
and moral support to the oppressed and
suppressed people of the world, and in
upholding the principles of the UN charter."

42. 3. Guiding principle of Pakistan's foreign policy.
• Protection of freedom and sovereignty.Sovereignty is a
political concept that refers to dominate power or
supreme authority.
• Support for self-determination.If any country is fighting for
self-determination Pakistan will help that country.
• Cordial Relatives with Muslim states.Pakistan is peace
loving country the formation of Pakistan is also based on
Islam.
• Part of international organization.Pakistan is group of
many peaceful organizations like: UN, SAARC, NAN,
ECO.

43. • Non interference in internal affairs.Refusing to get involved in
a bad situation especially in a disagreement or war between
countries.• Non-alignment.Pakistan is neutral country. We are
not a part of any political issues.
• Nuclear Non-proliferation and disarmament.After acquiring
nuclear capability, Pakistan support a minimum amount of
deterrence level for its own security.
• Implementation of UN charter.Pakistan always followed UN
resolution.
• Promotion of world peace.Pakistan has contributed in 41 UN
missions, spread over 23 countries eg: Congo, Bosnia, East
timer, Cambodia, Sudan.

44. Relationship and challengesPakistan shares it's
borderline with IRAN, Afghanistan, China, India.
PAK IRAN relationship:
• Pakistan and Iran are close neighbours, sharing
909km border in the western side.
• Iran was the first country to accord international
recognition to Pakistan when it was established
in 1947.
• Both of the country have supported each other
financially, economically, military and politically.
• In 1965, in India Pakistan war, Iran play on
important role in indo-Pakistani War in 1965,
and it's qualified nurses, medical supplies and
a gift of 5000 tons of petroleum for the duration
of the fighting.
• Iran was also reported to have purchased 90
Sabre jet fighters from west Germany and to
have sent them to Pakistan.

45. PAK CHINA relationship:
• China provided alot of military
equipment to the Pakistan army,
helping in establishment of factories,
providing technologies facilities. As
well as financial support.
• 1978, karakoram highway linking
mountainous northern Pakistan with
western china officially opens.
• Pakistan and china relationship began
in 1950 as Pakistan is the first Muslim
country to establish relationship with
China.

46. PAK -AFGHAN relationship:
• king zahir shah, in his state
visit of 1968, war given a very
warm welcome by Pakistan.
• Afghanistan is a neighboring
state of Pakistan the people
of Pakistan have close
historical, ethnic and cultural
tie with people of
Afghanistan.

47. PAK -INDIA relationship:
• Since 1947 Indo-pak relationship
have been under the shadows of
suspicious, Misunderstanding,
disappointment, tensions and war.
• Both status never succeed to win the
mutual trust of each other because
of their unresolved disputes and
lack of co-operation between them.
• They had three major wars. First war
in 1951 Second war in 1957 Third
war in 1965• Conflicts at LOC ( line
of control ).
• Their major conflict is Kashmir
conflict.

48. Here is the Next topic
(Society and social
structure of Pakistan)
presented by
Pirah Abbasi

49. Society:
• Derived from Latin word “socious”.
• A group of people living together in
communities
• Subject to the same dominant
culture.
• Society formed on the basis of:
• Education
• Occupation
• Income
• Place of residence.
Society and social structure of Pakistan

50. Culture can be defined
as ideas, customs and
social behavior of a
particular people or
society. Traditions can
be defined ideas, beliefs
that are passed down
from one generation to
another generation.
Tradition in Pakistan society

51. • A range or a limit which is given by a society.
Statues
Ascribed
A social
position
that a
person
receives at
birth.
Naturally
God gifted
Achieved
A position in
society that a
get person
get by his
efforts and
achievements

52. Social Structure of Pakistan
• It is divided in 3 categories/classes
• Upper class
• Middle class
• Working social/Lower class

53. Upper class
• They have high
income
• Belongs to high
paying profession
• Live in the cleanest
homes
• Their size is 2% of
total society.

54. Middle class
• Well known for its progress
and struggle for the
country.
• They live comfortably than
lower class.
• They are all employees.
• Generally high qualified.
• Backbone of country.
• Their population is 28%.

55. Working social/lower class
• They are poor.
• They are either
unemployed or get
employment for short
term basis.
• They have very low
income.
• Specially from rural
areas.
• Their population is 70%.

56. Here is the First topic
(Ethnicity/ethnic
Groups) presented
by Tahira khokhar