Water natural resources in Bulgaria

1. Gabriela Yankova
10 class

2. Menu:
Forming factors
General characteristic
Territorial disposition of water resources
Importance
Use and protection of water

3. 3
General characteristic
The waters on the territory of Bulgaria
(excluding the Black Sea) cover all water
sources, watercourses and water bodies that
are on the Earth's surface, as well as the
accumulated in the Earth's strata. Water is
divided into two main types:
Surface
rivers
lakes
swamps
Underground
ground
water
artesian
water
karst
water
mineral
water
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4. 4
Surface
rivers
lakes
swamps
• short length; small water catchment areas;
• comparatively dense river network - 1.18 km/km2;
• almost all of the sources are on Bulgarian territory;
• inconstant river runoff; overflow in different parts of the year;
• Black Sea and Aegean drainage basins.
River Length in km Pours out of Catch. area in km2 Outflow in
Maritsa 321 Rila 21084 Aegean Sea
Struma 290 Vitosha 10797 Aegean Sea
Iskar 368 Rila 8640 Danube
Tundja 350 Balkan m. 7884 Maritsa
Arda 241 Rhodopes 5201 Maritsa
Mesta 126 Rila 2767 Aegean Sea
Types
of lakes
Glacial
lakes
Riverside
lakes
Seaside
lagoons
and limans
Tectonic
Lakes
Karst Lakes
Landslide
lakes
Surface resources
• most of them were drained after
World War II and turned into arable
land;
• depth about 1 m;
• insignificant size.
Dragoman
Marshland
Straldzha swamp Aldomirov
swamp
The Garvan
Marsh (Leshtava)

5. 5
Underground
ground
water
artesian
water
karst
water
mineral
water
Underground resources
• the waters in the first aquifer that is not covered by a
waterproofing layer;
• with low and high (February - May) levels;
• fed by percolation of surface water and precipitation.
• along the river Danube, the Upper Thracian valley, the
bottom of the valleys and in the nose cones in the
mountain foothills.
• in depressions, decreases and synclines;
• located at a greater depth than groundwater;
• less polluted.
• in the Lom
depression,
Pleven, the
northern Black
Sea coast, the
Upper Thracian
valley, Sofia,
Bourgas, etc.
• 135 karst water
areas;
• running
underground
among water-
soluble rocks like
limestones,
dolomites and
marbles.
Underground water resources
Karst water Other types
• increased salt content, gases and
specific physical properties –
higher temperature, radioactivity;
• formed mainly from atmospheric
water;
• the distribution is related to the
geological conditions (deep
ground fault lines);
• types - infiltration and
sedimentation.
Varshec
Bankya
Hisar

6. 6
Forming factors
Climate
rainfall temperature winds
Geological
structure, rock
foundation
Relief
Protruding and
reduced
forms
Size and shape of
the catchment
areas
Altitude
Gradient and
exposure of slopes
Soil Plant coverAnthropogenic
factor

7. 7
Territorial disposition of water resources
35 53
65
490
390
340 330
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Danubian Plain Upper Thracian
Lowland
Sredna Gora and
Zadbalkanski valleys
Rila and Pirin The Rhodopes Balkan Mountains Osogovo and
Belasitsa
Water resources of Bulgaria
Water resources of Bulgaria

8. 8
Importance

9. 9
Use and protection of water
№ Usage Problems Measures for
rational and full use
of water
1. Water supply to
the settlements
Hydrological adverse
phenomena
Construction of
water treatment
plants2. Electricity
generation.
Worsening the quality of fresh
water
3. Irrigation of
agricultural
land
Industrial pollution Multiple use of
water
4. Industrial
purposes
Pollution due to agricultural
activities and transport
Reduction of leakage
from watercourses
5. Resource for
tourism
development
Acute shortage of drinking
water

10. 10
Sources of information
Geoznanie.com
Wikipedia.org
Google.com
Youtube.com