Cloud Native Java GraalVM 이상과 현실
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This document discusses GraalVM and its key components. GraalVM is a virtual machine that supports multiple languages including Java, JavaScript, Ruby, and Python. It includes Graal, a new just-in-time compiler that aims to replace the C2 compiler in HotSpot VM. GraalVM also features Truffle, a framework for building languages, and Native Image, an ahead-of-time compiler.
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Cloud Native Java GraalVM 이상과 현실
- 1. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted Cloud Native Java: GraalVM 이상과 현실 김태완(taewanme@gmail.com) Oracle Korea Solution Engineering @taewanme, http://taewan.kim
- 2. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 자바 다양성 시대 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 2
- 8. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Why GraalVMè Native Application Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 8 8. Java code as a native library 1. High-performance modern Java 2. Low-footprint, fast-startup Java 3. Combine JavaScript, Java, Ruby, and R 4. Run native languages on the JVM 5. Tools that work across all languages 6. Extend a JVM-based application 7. Extend a native application 9. Polyglot in the database 10. Create your own language IoT Polyglot Cloud Native
- 10. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 10 https://medium.com/graalvm/instant-netty-startup-using- graalvm-native-image-generation-ed6f14ff7692
- 12. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | GraalVM 개발 팀: Research Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 12 64편 이상 논문(2012 ~ 2019) https://www.graalvm.org/community/publications/
- 15. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 15 JIT Compiler
- 16. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Write Once, Run Anywhere Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 16 이미지 출처: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Java-program-execution.png - javac compiler - Java code(String) è byte[] - java Binary Representation - compact & small - JIT compiler - byte[] è byte[] (machine code) - compact & small representation
- 17. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Compiler Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 17 • AOT(Ahead-of-Time) Compiler • JIT (Just-In-Time) Compiler Static vs Dynamic Compiler
- 18. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | AOT 컴파일러와 Dynamic 컴파일러 공통점 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 18 AOT Compiler JIT Compiler è Machine Code è Machine Code
- 19. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | AOT 컴파일러와 Dynamic 컴파일러 차이점 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 19 AOT Compiler JIT Compiler Source code → Native executable Source code → Bytecode → Interpreter + JIT executable 실행전에 무겁고 복잡한 분석&최적화 수행 실행 환경 정보 수집 어려움 Static Code 최적화 공격적이고 낙관적인 최적화 실행 프로파일 정보를 활용 특정 환경 특화된 최적화
- 20. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | JIT Compiler의 목표 빠른 컴파일 속도 & 최적화 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 20
- 21. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | JIT Compiler • Speculation Without Regret: Reducing Deoptimization Meta-data in the Graal compiler Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 21 http://ssw.jku.at/General/Staff/GD/PPPJ-2014-duboscq-29.pdf JVM
- 23. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Optimization: inlining Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 23 int addAll(int max){ int accum = 0; for(int i = 0; i<max; i++) { accum = add (accum, i); } return accum; } int add(int a, int b){return a+b;} int addAll(int max){ int accum = 0; for(int i = 0; i<max; i++) { accum = accum + i; } return accum; } Optimization: inlining
- 24. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | JVM 성능 향상 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 24 http://www.dominicgiles.com/blog/files/abdb7a96e9db63644317c62d6e40c40b-142.html
- 25. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | JVM 성능 향상 주체 • JIT Compiler – Profiling & • CPU, Memory, Object Tracking, Mem – Optimization • 더 효율적인 코디 패턴 감지 • 더 효율적인 머신 코드 생성 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 25 http://ssw.jku.at/General/Staff/GD/PPPJ-2014-duboscq-29.pdf
- 27. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 27 HotSpot
- 28. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HotSpot • Oracle Java JVM • Java SE 1.3(1999. 04)에 추가 • 개발 언어: C++ • 2개의 JIT compiler를 포함 – C1: client compiler • C1 디자인: 빠른 시작 • 코드 최적화의 비중 낮춤 – C2: server compiler • C2 디자인: 약간 느린 시작 • 코드 최적화 비중 높임 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 28 HotSpot VM C1 C2 Compiler Interface HotSpot VM c++ c++ c++ c++
- 30. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HotSpot 의 고민 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 30
- 31. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HotSpot – Limitation Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 31 https://github.com/netroby/jdk9- dev/blob/master/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/jdk/internal/HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate.java
- 32. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 32 GraalVM & Graal
- 37. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | GraalVM의 핵심 키워드 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 37 Graal / JVMCI Polyglot/ Truffle Native Image NEW JIT Complier Language Platform AOT Compiler
- 38. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Graal != GraalVM Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 38 HotSpot VM C1 C2 Compiler Interface OpenJDK 8 HotSpot VM Compiler Interface JVMCI C1 Graal GraalVM
- 39. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Graal • GraalVM의 새로운 JIT Compiler • Hotspot의 C2 JIT 컴파일러 대체가 목표 • Java로 개발 • C2와 비교하여 20% 선능 개선 (Twitter 사례) – Production Scala 애플리케이션에 적용 – GraalVM CE(Community Edition) Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 39 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbccuoaLChk
- 40. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Community Edition • Free • Unsupported • Runs all GraalVM languages – Java (+Scala), JavaScript, Python, Ruby, R • Support for native libraries in context of those languages too – Tools (debugger, profiler, monitor agent) • Basic version of SubstrateVM – Native code has full access to address space • Runs code in JVM, Node.js, MySQL, or standalone Enterprise Edition • Not Free • Supported • Best performance & size – Graal EE Java is 20% faster than CE (on average) – Dynamic languages (JS, Python, R, Ruby) 2x faster – Smallest footprint – 2x smaller vs CE • Native code memory protection • Debugging tools for embedded use Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 40 GraalVM 라이센스
- 42. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | graal compiler • OpenJDK 9 + • OpenJDK 10 + • OpenJDK 11 + • GraalVM Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 42 -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:+UseJVMCICompiler -XX:+EnableJVMCI
- 43. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | graal compiler Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 43 https://www.graalvm.org/docs/examples/java-performance-examples/ https://github.com/taewanme/graalvm_seminar_examples/tree/master/examples/e01
- 44. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | graal compiler Demo Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 44 OpenJDK 11, Tiered Compiler OpenJDK 11, Graal Compiler https://github.com/taewanme/graalvm_seminar_examples/tree/master/examples/e01
- 46. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | graal compiler Demo: compile log Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 46 https://github.com/taewanme/graalvm_seminar_examples/tree/master/examples/e01
- 47. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Graal과 Twitter Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 47 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-vlQaPMAxg
- 48. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | GraalVM 기능과 JEP • JEP: JDK Enhancement Proposal Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 48
- 49. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 49 Native Image
- 50. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Native Runtime Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 50 Java Java or node.js or R or Ruby or Python or C/C++ User Function SVM dynamically executed native precompiled Graal VM on SubstrateVM Java Java or node.js or R or Ruby or Python or C/C++ User Function HotSpot dynamically executed native precompiled Graal VM on HotSpot
- 52. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 작은 footprint, 신속한 startup Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 52 OpenJDK 11, Graal Compiler SubstrateVM (SVM) • GraalVM의 하위 프로젝트 • JVM 애플리케이션을 컴파일하여 Native 실행파일을 생성 • Ahead-of-time compiler- 빠른 시작을 유도 • Virtual 머신이 필요 없음 • 작은 메모리로 시작 • 38Mbyte virt.x 애플리케이션을 10MB RAM에서 돌린 사례 • https://www.jetdrone.xyz/2018/08/10/Vertx-native-image- 10mb.html
- 55. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 빠른 Startup: Heap Image • d Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 55 https://medium.com/graalvm/isolates-and-compressed-references-more-flexible-and- efficient-memory-management-for-graalvm-a044cc50b67e
- 56. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Substrate VM Java Limitations Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 56 https://github.com/oracle/graal/blob/master/substratevm/LIMITATIONS.md 항목 지원 Dynamic Class Loading / Unloading Not supported Reflection Mostly supported Dynamic Proxy Mostly supported Java Native Interface (JNI) Mostly supported Unsafe Memory Access Mostly supported Static Initializers Partially supported InvokeDynamic Bytecode and Method Handles Not supported Finalizers Not supported References Mostly supported Security Manager Not supported JVMTI, JMX, other native VM interfaces Not supported
- 57. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Micronaut의 GraalVM 지원 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 57
- 58. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Micronaut의 GraalVM 지원 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 58
- 59. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Micronaut의 GraalVM 지원 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 59
- 60. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | GraalVM 기능과 JEP Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 60
- 61. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 61 Polyglot
- 63. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Polyglot Virtualization 63 Truffle API JavaVM Runtime JavaScript Interpreter Ruby Interpreter R Interprete r Graal compiler Compiled code snippetCompiled code snippetCompiled code snippetCompiled code snippetCompiled code snippetCompiled code snippet JavaScript application JavaScript libraries Node.js … Ruby application Ruby gems & libraries Rails LLVM .bc Interpreter R native libraries Node.js native libs Ruby/Rails native libs Threads / Scheduler Filesystem Network GC / heap Code cache Java application Truffle Polyglot API eval("application/x-ruby", "def add(a, b) a + b; end;");
- 66. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | GraalVM Language Status Available 2017 Available 2018 Proposed / Prototyping Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 66 Java C C++ Python C# VB.NET JavaScript Assembly language PHP PerlRubyVBSwift R Objective-C Go MATLAB Delphi/Object Pascal PL/SQL Scratch Others PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE POPULARITY (TOP 20 LANGUAGES FROM MAY 2017 TIOBE INDEX) Groovy FORTRAN Kotlin Clojure Scala F#
- 67. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Java에서 다른 언어 호출 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 67 import org.graalvm.polyglot.*; public class Sample { public static void main(String[] args) { try (Context context = Context.newBuilder().allowAllAccess(true).build()){ System.out.println( context.getEngine().getLanguages().keySet()); context.eval("ruby", "puts '안녕, 루비’”); context.eval("python", "print(안녕, 파이썬')"); context.eval("js", "console.log(‘안녕, JS')"); context.eval("R", "cat(‘안녕, R')"); } catch (PolyglotException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } https://github.com/taewanme/graalvm_seminar_examples/tree/master/examples/e04
- 68. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | spring-r: mvn spring-boot:run Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 68 https://github.com/taewanme/graalvm_seminar_examples/tree/master/examples/e06
- 70. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Java에서 다른 언어를 호출 (LLVM) Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 70 #include <stdio.h> int main(){ print(“Hello from graalvm!n”); return 0; } $ clang -c -O1 -emit-llvm hello.c $ lli hello.bc Hello from graalvm! $ https://github.com/taewanme/graalvm_seminar_examples/tree/master/examples/e03
- 71. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Java에서 다른 언어를 호출 (LLVM) Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 71 import org.graalvm.polyglot.*; import java.io.*; public class Sample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { File f = new File("hello.bc"); Source source = Source.newBuilder("llvm", new File("hello.bc")).build(); try (Context context = Context.newBuilder().allowAllAccess(true).build()){ context.eval(source).execute(); } } } https://github.com/taewanme/graalvm_seminar_examples/tree/master/examples/e03
- 72. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 72 https://github.com/taewanme/graalvm_seminar_examples
- 73. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 73 GraalVM 현재
- 78. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 78 GraalVM 사례
- 79. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 79 Twitter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtgKmzgIh4c • Twitter VM 팀은 Graal 컴파일러를 사용하여 Scala 기반 microservices 운영 • 메모리 할당과 성능 향상 • 성능 개선: 20%
- 80. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 80 Goldman Sachs https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=417&v=MUECwHdr07Q
- 81. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 81 GraalVM Summary
- 82. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | GraalVM의 목표: Six degrees of freedom Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 82 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:6DOF.svg • Fast Startup Java Application: Native • High Performance Java Application • Integrated Polyglot Application • Java as Language Platform • Embedded Java Application
- 83. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | GraalVM, OpenJDK, Oracle Java Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 83 Graal Native Image JVMCI JEP 243: Java-Level JVM Compiler Interface JEP 295: Ahead-of-Time Compilation JEP 317: Experimental Java-Based JIT Compiler 9 ~ 12 8
- 84. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 추가 자료 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 84 • http://taewan.kim/post/graalvm_seminar/ 발표 동영상
- 85. Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 추가 자료 Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 85 • https://github.com/taewanme/graalvm_seminar_examples