Governance & Finances

1. Governance & Finance
Taha Padrawala & Ketan Shah

2. What we will discuss today
• What is governance?
• How is a city and a ward governed?
• Role of planning in city governance
• Significance of public participation
• How are projects in a ward financed?

3. What is governance?

4. What is governance?
The word governance is derived from the verb govern
Govern :
conduct the policy, actions, and affairs of (a state,
organization, or people) with authority
Source: Oxford Dictionary. http://oxforddictionaries.com

5. Ahmedabad
AMC Boundary

6. Ahmedabad
AIRPORT &
CANTONMENT
North
Zone
Central
Zone
New West
Zone
West
Zone
East
Zone
South
Zone
ZoneBoundary

7. Ahmedabad
North
Zone
AIRPORT &
CANTONMENT
Central
Zone
New West
Zone
West
Zone
East
Zone
South
Zone
Zone Boundary
Ward Boundary

8. How is a city governed?

9. Governance Structure in India
India
Through the Constitution
Gujarat
Through the BPMC Act
Ahmedabad Municipal
Corporation
6 Zones
Central, North, East, South, West, New‐West
Ward
Ward
Ward
64 Wards
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward

10. Governance Structure in AMC
Ahmedabad Municipal
Corporation
Elected
(Legislative)
Administrative
(Executive)

11. Elected wing in AMC
Municipal Council
(AMC Elected Wing)
3 councillors per ward x 64 wards
Total 192 councillors
Elected from among the councilors
Elected from among the councilors
Mayor Deputy Mayor
Standing Committee
Other committees and task
forces

12. Administrative wing in AMC
Municipal Commissioner
Dy. Municipal Commissioner/s
Asst. Commissioner City Engineer
Head of Dept. / Manager Spl. City Engineer
Dy. Manager Addl. City Engineer (zone)

13. Elected wing at ward level
Ward Councilor
Ward Councilor
Ward Councilor
13

14. Administrative wing at ward level
SSI
PHS SI
SSI
SSI
Sanitary Inspector
Public Health Officer
Public Health
Dept.
Sup Sup
AE
ACE
Roads and Water
Addl. City
Engineer AE Sup Sup
Asst. City Engineer
14
Drainage and Building
ZONE WARD

15. Governance Structure in AMC
Ahmedabad Municipal
Corporation
Elected
(Legislative)
Administrative
(Executive)
Mayor MUNICIPAL
COMMISSIONER
Deputy Mayor
Chairperson of
Standing Committee
Elected wing is responsible for highlighting
the issues of various areas, and approving
the budget for the city.
Administrative wing is responsible for
implementation of budgeted projects and
day to day operations.

16. Governance Structure in AMC
People State Government
MUNICIPAL
Mayor
COMMISSIONER
Deputy Mayor
Chairperson of
Standing Committee

17. Cities have very little autonomy in planning and
managing their jurisdictions.

18. Governance Structure in AMC
People State / National Government
Bharuch
Ahmedabad
Vadodara

19. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (1992)
promises an improvement to this situation.

20. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
• Key Features:
– Allows for cities to be responsible for their
jurisdiction. Identifies key responsibilities in the
12th Schedule.
– Planning is one of the responsibilities mentioned in
the 12th Schedule.
– A structure of Metropolitan Council, City council
and Ward committees to be set up for devolution
of centralized power.

21. However, implementation of the 74th
amendment has been piecemeal and
inconsistent.
Why do you think this is so?

22. Ultimately, it is a question of power, authority
and control of resources.
Currently the state controls the resources (tax
income of government) and they would like to
continue to have that control.

23. Role of Planning in City
Governance

25. Parallel structures for planning
Bombay Provincial Municipal
Corporation Act
• Defines the Municipal
Corporation
• Originally placed the
responsibility of planning with
the MC
Gujarat Town Planning and
Urban Development Act
• Defines the Urban
Development Authority (UDA)
• Places responsibility of
Planning on the UDA
• Thus, planning becomes a
decreasingly important part of
the municipal corporation

26. In cities across the world, it is the planner
who has to ensure the coordination and
smooth communication.
This is a role that is over and above the role
of preparing the plans.

27. Future of Planning in City Governance
People
Corporators / Councilors
Urban Planners
Infrastructure
(Engineers)
Planning
Urban Planners
Governance
(Administrators)
Public Health

28. Future of Planning at Ward Level
Ward Committee
Councilors /
Elected Members
Ward Engineers
+ Planners
Ward Residents &
Stake holders Ward Planners

29. Significance of public participation

30. Why is public participation important?

31. Rational Planning vs. Participatory Planning

32. Ladder of Citizen Participation
Source: http://lithgow‐schmidt.dk/sherry‐arnstein/ladder‐of‐citizen‐participation.html

33. Public Participation
• Planning act does mention that consultation
should be held at different stages of planning.
• Provides for several instances of seeking public
opinion.
• It does not stop one from having more / better
public participation.
• Currently, the people with power are not
convinced about the positive impacts of public
participation.
• Over time this needs to change in order to have
positive impact for all.

34. How are projects financed?

35. Avenues of financing
1. Municipal Budget
2. Budget with elected representatives
3. Private financing / PPP

36. Municipal Budget
Capital Income
• Taxes
• Grants and Loans
Capital Expense
• By various heads / schemes
• Eg. Water and Sewerage,
Health, Urban Poor etc.
Revenue Income
• Taxes
• Grants and Loans
Revenue Expense
• By various heads / schemes
• Eg. Water and Sewerage,
Health, Urban Poor etc.

37. Municipal Budget
All figures in Rupees Thousands
Budget Head
2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12
FINAL FINAL REVISED APPROVED BY AMC
Total Capital Income 8,762,959 10,365,515 17,762,152 28,607,000
Total Capital Expenditure 10,311,889 12,950,453 17,762,152 28,607,000
Total Revenue Income 15,541,668.00 16,169,373.00 22,353,514.00 31,975,350
Total Revenue Expenditure 9,104,426.00 11,559,960.00 13,494,597 17,903,008
Total INCOME(CAPITAL+REVENUE) 24,304,627 26,534,888 40,115,666 60,582,350
Total EXPENDITURE(CAPITAL+REVENU 19,416,315 24,510,413 31,256,749 46,510,008

38. Municipal Budget

39. Elected representatives
•
• Each councilor in AMC has authority to spend a sum
of Rs. 17 Lakhs* towards development of their ward.
• This is from the overall city budget but the approval is
by the councilor
Similarly, other elected representatives such as MP,
MLA, Mayor, Dy. Mayor, Chairperson of Standing
Committee, have different authorities to improve
conditions within their constituency.
*Source: Sunil Shah, Councilor Ambavadi Ward.

40. Privately supported projects
C G Road redevelopment project was privately financed in return for 5 yr advertising rights.
Image Courtesy: HCP Design Planning and Management Pvt. Ltd.

41. Privately supported projects
Gardens developed and maintained by Amul.

42. Task for the week
1. Find out names and responsibilities of everyone on
the administrative wing of the ward.
2. Meet with all councilors in your ward, present them
1 set of maps prepared by you and find out their
main concerns / positive points about the ward plan
3. Find out the budget/funding by councilors’ or other
elected representatives’ in your ward. These may be
proposed / ongoing projects or projects that are just
completed.
4. Find out any city level project that are proposed or
currently underway within your ward.

43. Thank you