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THE EFFECTS OF TWIST-2 ON LIVER
ENDOTOXIN TOLERANCE INDUCED
BY A LOW DOSE OF
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
Peizhi Li, Min Li, Kun He, Kaichan Zhong, Jianping
Gong, and Haibo You.

MARÍA ANGÉLICA DÍAZ URIBE
DANIEL DUQUE
Molecular biology
LIPOPOLY(LPS) are polymers structures
SACCHARIDE

located in the outer membrane of
bacterial cell

IMPORTANCE in the pathogenesis of infectious

disease, as well as in the interaction
with host immune system.
ENDOTOXIN

They are
polysaccharide
complex that is combined with
a lipid and released from the
cell walls of Gram-negative
bacteria in the cell lysis
moment,
producing toxic
effects.
SEPSIS

Response Host`s
mechanism
caused by the
release of certain
compounds of
the invasive
microorganisms
such as
endoxotins,
telcoico acid, etc.

Activate cellular
mediators:
macrophages,
neutrophils,
endothelial cells

which releases
uncontrollably
several humoral
mediators
(TNF- alfa, IL-1,
IL-6)

Endothelial
Damage
TWIST-2 PROTEIN

Is a basic helix–loop–
helix transcription
factors.

Act cooperatively to
regulate the expression
of other genes.
RELATION

There is a possible way to regulate the
expression of inflammatory genes
through twist-2 protein that can act
as negative regulator for cytokine
signaling by establishing a negative
feedback loop that repressed the NF–
κB-dependent cytokine pathway.
In this study, the main objective
was show the relationship
between Twist-2 and liver
endotoxin tolerance, developing
an animal model of ET to
observe the changes of Twist-2
expression in liver tissues.
Ratones machos
BABL
n= 24/grupo

Grupo ETT

Grupo NETT

Pre tratados con
inyección de LPS

Inyección salina
estéril

24hrs

Inyección de LPS
4 Subgrupos de 6
ratones

Sacrificar, recoger
muestras de
hígado y sangre
Es un
mecanismo de
protección
sepsis o una
inflamación
sistémica

(TGF)-β o (GC),
conducen al
huésped a un
estado de
refractariedad
temporal frente
a una nueva
exposición al
LPS

FINALIDAD

FUNDAMENTO

TOLERANCIA A LA ENDOTOXINA

desarrollo de
diferentes
pruebas con el
objetivo de
comprobar si La
Twist-2 pude
actuar como un
gen silenciador.
TRANSFECCIÓNTWIST-2 SHRNA

FINALIDAD
Comprobar si Twist-2 shRNA era
eficiente para la inhibición de la
expresión
de
genes
pro
inflamatorios
FUNDAMENTO
CAMBIOS
HEPATICOS

Los cortes en parafina con (HE) se realiza para
detectar los cambios morfológicos por
microscopía de luz.

FINALIDAD

marcador en la reacción inflamatoria, para
comprobar si la tolerancia a la endotoxina fue
efectiva.
demostrar una
variedad de
antígenos

Se utilizan
anticuerpos
marcados y con
la R(x) Ag –Ac
las estructuras
se colorean
con diferentes
reactivos.

FINALIDAD

Técnica de
inmunotinción

METODO

FUNDAMENTO

INMUNOCITOQUÍMICA

La tinción de
inmunocitoquimi
ca se realizó para
detectar la
expresión de
Twist-2
REACCIÓN EN CADENA DE LA POLIMERASA
CON TRANSCRIPCIÓN INVERSA (RT-PCR)

Técnica para
el estudio
de virus de
ARNm

FINALIDAD
RT-PCR investigar:
 la relación entre Twist-2 y TNF-α en
ET
 la expresión de Twist-2 Y TNF-α
ARNm

Amplificación
de Genes

Expresión génica
a partir de ARN

DNA
Polimerasa

En el tejido del hígado y KCS
DNAc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdK-Fe6wnm8

transcriptasa
inversa
WESTERN BLOT

 Técnica analítica
 localizar proteínas
 capacidad de unión a anticuerpos
específicas
mediante
una
electroforesis en gel
ANALISIS
FINALIDAD

DE NF-kB
Factor nuclear
potenciador de las
cadenas ligeras
kappa de las
células B activadas

Control de
la transcripción del
ADN.

Explorar los
efectos de Twist-2
sobre NF-kB transactivación en los
KC.
Ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA)

FINALIDAD

Se
utilizó
ELISA
para
determinar los niveles de TNFα en el plasma y el
sobrenadante de las células
cultivadas de acuerdo con el
protocolo.
FIGURA 1: Cambios histopatológicos del
tejido hepático 24 horas después de la
segunda estimulación con LPS.

 Se demuestra que la tolerancia a
endotoxinas ayuda a que la lesión
hepática
no
progrese
tan
rápidamente.

Grupo
ETT

Grupo
NETT
Tejido
hepático

Células de
Kupffer

FIGURA 1: Análisis de RT-PCR de niveles relativos del mRNA de Twist-2
.
Figura 3: Análisis de Western blot de la
expresión de la proteína Twist-2 en KC.
Figura 4: KC normales (control negativo) y
tinción inmunocitoquímica del Twist-2 en KC
aisladas de los grupos NETT y ETT.

Normal

ETT

NETT
Figura 5: Análisis de RT-PCR de los niveles
de mRNA del TNF- α

Tejido
hepático

Células de
Kupffer
Figura 6: Análisis de ELISA de los cambios en las
concentraciones del TNF- α en suero y medio de cultivo
de KC a 0, 1, 3 y 6h.

SUERO

MEDIO DE CULTIVO DE KC

• Los resultados coincidieron con la expresión del mRNA del TNF- α.
Figura 7: Cambios en la
activación del NF- KB en tejido
hepático y KC en NETT y ETT
Figura 8: Análisis de RT- PCR de los niveles del
mRNA de Twist-2 en KC, 24h después de
transfectada con shRNA Twist-2 y shRNA
control.
Figura 9: Efectos del shRNA del Twist- 2
en activación del KF- KB en KC del grupo
control, ETT y NETT 3h después del
tratamiento.
DISCUSSION

AUTHOR
Fairfax, B.P et
al.

Peng, Q. et al.

IDEA
Endotoxin tolerance is a significant protective mechanism to
prevent the LPS induced “cytokine storm” associated with onset
of sepsis and shock. Although a lot of molecular mechanisms
had been found, additional biological bases of this critical
immunological process were yet to be defined [18].

TLR4 is the major receptor for LPS; its function in LPS initiated
singling pathway and ET were investigated in many researches.
TLR4 engagement by LPS results in the recruitment of myeloid
differentiation primary response protein 88 (MYD88) and the
rapid assembly of a large multiprotein complex which include IL1 receptor-associated kinases, TNF receptor associated factor 6,
and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins at the cytoplasmic
face of the plasma membrane [19, 20].

 - X



DISCUSSION

AUTHOR

IDEA

This process contribute to the activation of two different pathways
Sharabi, A.B. et that involve the Rel family transcription factor NF–κB and c-Jun
al.
NH2-terminal kinase(JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
family. Meanwhile, triggering of TLRs also induced Twist-2 proteins
expression in dendritic cells (DCs) [21].

Šošić, D. et al.

There were evidences linking Twist-2 to TLR signaling, since Twist-2
knockout exhibit increased LPS sensitivity, associated with elevated
TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 secretion and lack of ET in DCs. Furthermore,
Twist-2 can negatively regulate mammalian cytokine gene
expression through interaction with p65 and bind to the promoters
of the TNF-α and IL-1β genes in vivo and in vitro *10+.

 - X



•

This topic must be investigate more, because today they don't know some of
action's mechanisms about how Twist- 2 operates, although much progress
has been made.

•

In future, Twist- 2 could be a part of treatment of sepsis another bacterial
infections that promote inflammation and shock, until now it has seen the
positive consequences in maintenance of liver function, an important organ
related with organism homeostasis.

•

laboratory tests are a useful tool to check gene regulation. using many
positive laboratory tests support the efficacy of the procedure.

•

These results are encouraging for the management of immunosuppression in
sepsis and/or noninfectious shock, and deserve further investigation in the
future, however the effects can make counterproductive in the human body.
para Imágenes
(-)
Peizhi Li, Min Li, Kun He, Kaichan Zhong, Jianping Gong, and Haibo You. the
effects of twist-2 on liver endotoxin tolerance induced by a low dose of
lipopolysaccharide
http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/gsdl-282/cgi
bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=tesis&d=Tesis_4874_Rearte

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Seminario biomol

  • 1. THE EFFECTS OF TWIST-2 ON LIVER ENDOTOXIN TOLERANCE INDUCED BY A LOW DOSE OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE Peizhi Li, Min Li, Kun He, Kaichan Zhong, Jianping Gong, and Haibo You. MARÍA ANGÉLICA DÍAZ URIBE DANIEL DUQUE Molecular biology
  • 2. LIPOPOLY(LPS) are polymers structures SACCHARIDE located in the outer membrane of bacterial cell IMPORTANCE in the pathogenesis of infectious disease, as well as in the interaction with host immune system.
  • 3. ENDOTOXIN They are polysaccharide complex that is combined with a lipid and released from the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria in the cell lysis moment, producing toxic effects.
  • 4. SEPSIS Response Host`s mechanism caused by the release of certain compounds of the invasive microorganisms such as endoxotins, telcoico acid, etc. Activate cellular mediators: macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial cells which releases uncontrollably several humoral mediators (TNF- alfa, IL-1, IL-6) Endothelial Damage
  • 5. TWIST-2 PROTEIN Is a basic helix–loop– helix transcription factors. Act cooperatively to regulate the expression of other genes.
  • 6. RELATION There is a possible way to regulate the expression of inflammatory genes through twist-2 protein that can act as negative regulator for cytokine signaling by establishing a negative feedback loop that repressed the NF– κB-dependent cytokine pathway.
  • 7. In this study, the main objective was show the relationship between Twist-2 and liver endotoxin tolerance, developing an animal model of ET to observe the changes of Twist-2 expression in liver tissues.
  • 8. Ratones machos BABL n= 24/grupo Grupo ETT Grupo NETT Pre tratados con inyección de LPS Inyección salina estéril 24hrs Inyección de LPS 4 Subgrupos de 6 ratones Sacrificar, recoger muestras de hígado y sangre
  • 9. Es un mecanismo de protección sepsis o una inflamación sistémica (TGF)-β o (GC), conducen al huésped a un estado de refractariedad temporal frente a una nueva exposición al LPS FINALIDAD FUNDAMENTO TOLERANCIA A LA ENDOTOXINA desarrollo de diferentes pruebas con el objetivo de comprobar si La Twist-2 pude actuar como un gen silenciador.
  • 10. TRANSFECCIÓNTWIST-2 SHRNA FINALIDAD Comprobar si Twist-2 shRNA era eficiente para la inhibición de la expresión de genes pro inflamatorios FUNDAMENTO
  • 11. CAMBIOS HEPATICOS Los cortes en parafina con (HE) se realiza para detectar los cambios morfológicos por microscopía de luz. FINALIDAD marcador en la reacción inflamatoria, para comprobar si la tolerancia a la endotoxina fue efectiva.
  • 12. demostrar una variedad de antígenos Se utilizan anticuerpos marcados y con la R(x) Ag –Ac las estructuras se colorean con diferentes reactivos. FINALIDAD Técnica de inmunotinción METODO FUNDAMENTO INMUNOCITOQUÍMICA La tinción de inmunocitoquimi ca se realizó para detectar la expresión de Twist-2
  • 13. REACCIÓN EN CADENA DE LA POLIMERASA CON TRANSCRIPCIÓN INVERSA (RT-PCR) Técnica para el estudio de virus de ARNm FINALIDAD RT-PCR investigar:  la relación entre Twist-2 y TNF-α en ET  la expresión de Twist-2 Y TNF-α ARNm Amplificación de Genes Expresión génica a partir de ARN DNA Polimerasa En el tejido del hígado y KCS DNAc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdK-Fe6wnm8 transcriptasa inversa
  • 14. WESTERN BLOT  Técnica analítica  localizar proteínas  capacidad de unión a anticuerpos específicas mediante una electroforesis en gel
  • 15. ANALISIS FINALIDAD DE NF-kB Factor nuclear potenciador de las cadenas ligeras kappa de las células B activadas Control de la transcripción del ADN. Explorar los efectos de Twist-2 sobre NF-kB transactivación en los KC.
  • 16. Ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA) FINALIDAD Se utilizó ELISA para determinar los niveles de TNFα en el plasma y el sobrenadante de las células cultivadas de acuerdo con el protocolo.
  • 17. FIGURA 1: Cambios histopatológicos del tejido hepático 24 horas después de la segunda estimulación con LPS.  Se demuestra que la tolerancia a endotoxinas ayuda a que la lesión hepática no progrese tan rápidamente. Grupo ETT Grupo NETT
  • 18. Tejido hepático Células de Kupffer FIGURA 1: Análisis de RT-PCR de niveles relativos del mRNA de Twist-2 .
  • 19. Figura 3: Análisis de Western blot de la expresión de la proteína Twist-2 en KC.
  • 20. Figura 4: KC normales (control negativo) y tinción inmunocitoquímica del Twist-2 en KC aisladas de los grupos NETT y ETT. Normal ETT NETT
  • 21. Figura 5: Análisis de RT-PCR de los niveles de mRNA del TNF- α Tejido hepático Células de Kupffer
  • 22. Figura 6: Análisis de ELISA de los cambios en las concentraciones del TNF- α en suero y medio de cultivo de KC a 0, 1, 3 y 6h. SUERO MEDIO DE CULTIVO DE KC • Los resultados coincidieron con la expresión del mRNA del TNF- α.
  • 23. Figura 7: Cambios en la activación del NF- KB en tejido hepático y KC en NETT y ETT
  • 24. Figura 8: Análisis de RT- PCR de los niveles del mRNA de Twist-2 en KC, 24h después de transfectada con shRNA Twist-2 y shRNA control.
  • 25. Figura 9: Efectos del shRNA del Twist- 2 en activación del KF- KB en KC del grupo control, ETT y NETT 3h después del tratamiento.
  • 26. DISCUSSION AUTHOR Fairfax, B.P et al. Peng, Q. et al. IDEA Endotoxin tolerance is a significant protective mechanism to prevent the LPS induced “cytokine storm” associated with onset of sepsis and shock. Although a lot of molecular mechanisms had been found, additional biological bases of this critical immunological process were yet to be defined [18]. TLR4 is the major receptor for LPS; its function in LPS initiated singling pathway and ET were investigated in many researches. TLR4 engagement by LPS results in the recruitment of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MYD88) and the rapid assembly of a large multiprotein complex which include IL1 receptor-associated kinases, TNF receptor associated factor 6, and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane [19, 20].  - X  
  • 27. DISCUSSION AUTHOR IDEA This process contribute to the activation of two different pathways Sharabi, A.B. et that involve the Rel family transcription factor NF–κB and c-Jun al. NH2-terminal kinase(JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Meanwhile, triggering of TLRs also induced Twist-2 proteins expression in dendritic cells (DCs) [21]. Šošić, D. et al. There were evidences linking Twist-2 to TLR signaling, since Twist-2 knockout exhibit increased LPS sensitivity, associated with elevated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 secretion and lack of ET in DCs. Furthermore, Twist-2 can negatively regulate mammalian cytokine gene expression through interaction with p65 and bind to the promoters of the TNF-α and IL-1β genes in vivo and in vitro *10+.  - X  
  • 28. • This topic must be investigate more, because today they don't know some of action's mechanisms about how Twist- 2 operates, although much progress has been made. • In future, Twist- 2 could be a part of treatment of sepsis another bacterial infections that promote inflammation and shock, until now it has seen the positive consequences in maintenance of liver function, an important organ related with organism homeostasis. • laboratory tests are a useful tool to check gene regulation. using many positive laboratory tests support the efficacy of the procedure. • These results are encouraging for the management of immunosuppression in sepsis and/or noninfectious shock, and deserve further investigation in the future, however the effects can make counterproductive in the human body.
  • 30. (-)
  • 31. Peizhi Li, Min Li, Kun He, Kaichan Zhong, Jianping Gong, and Haibo You. the effects of twist-2 on liver endotoxin tolerance induced by a low dose of lipopolysaccharide http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/gsdl-282/cgi bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=tesis&d=Tesis_4874_Rearte