HM510Unit 5 AssignmentRoles of the Public and Private Sector

HM510
Unit 5 Assignment
Roles of the Public and Private Sector in Hazard Mitigation and
Preparedness
During hazard mitigation planning, the public and private sector
can have different roles and impacts. Write a 3−4-page paper
that compares and contrasts the different roles of the public and
private sector hazard mitigation planning and preparedness. You
should:
· Identify at least five roles in mitigation planning and
preparedness.
· Explain how each of these roles affects planning.
· Compare and contrast the different roles in both the public and
private sectors.
· Provide examples of successful programs in both the public
and private sectors.
_____________________________________________________
________________________________
In addition to fulfilling the specifics of the assignment, a
successful paper must also meet the following criteria:
· Include a cover page and references page in 10 - 12-point font
(Arial, Courier, and Times New Roman are acceptable)
· Viewpoint and purpose should be clearly established and
sustained
· Assignment should follow the conventions of Standard English
(correct grammar, punctuation, etc.)
· Writing should be well ordered, logical and unified, as well as
original and insightful
· Your work should display superior content, organization,
style, and mechanics
· Appropriate citation style should be followed
You should also make sure to:
· Include a title page with full name, class name, section

number, and date
· Include an introductory and concluding paragraph and
demonstrate college-level communication through the
composition of original materials in Standard English
· Use examples to support your discussion
· Cite all sources on a separate reference page at the end of your
paper and cite within the body of your paper using APA format
and citation style. For more information on APA guidelines,
visit Academic Tools.
Directions for Submitting Your Assignment
Compose your assignment and save it in the following format:
Course#_LastnameFirstname Unit # Assignment (example:
HM510_SmithJohn Unit 1 Assignment). Submit your
assignment to the appropriate Dropbox by the end of the Unit.
HM510
Unit 5 DQ
TOPIC #1: Public Agencies
Public agencies support responses to emergencies at two
different levels, first responders, such as police, fire and EMS
and secondary responders, such as hospitals, electric companies'
private companies, and local governmental agencies. Discuss
how each of these entities interact during times of disasters.
Respond Kindly to Student #1
Timothy Brenneman
Public agencies play such a vital part during the entire disaster
process and ultimately control how devastating the disaster may
be. The first responders on scene are responsible for interacting
with many victims and to help the community during the
disaster. This is the immediate impact part of the disaster. The
first responders then hand off these duties to hospitals, and
local governmental agencies. The victims must be transported to
hospitals and treated for their wounds. It is imperative that this
process is planned out and is done in a timely manner. The first
responders must know the routes to take and where they must go

under dire circumstances. As mentioned in Introduction to
Emergency Management, “a lack of adequate responder safety
procedures contributed to an epic loss of life” (Haddow et. al.,
2021, p.218). The public sector may contain different agencies
with different responsibilities, but it is imperative that everyone
involved work together for the safety of the community.
References
Canton, L. G. (2020). Emergency management: Concepts and
strategies for effective programs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Haddow, G. D., Bullock, J. A., & Coppola, D. P.
(2021). Introduction to Emergency
Management (7th ed.).
Kimberly Ord
The easiest way to understand how first and secondary
responders interact is to know and comprehend what each would
do in times of emergencies or disasters. Haddow et al. (2020)
simply define first responders as “fire, police, and emergency
medical technicians” (p. 504). These are the agencies and
personnel who handle the immediate impacts of an emergency
or disaster, such as putting out fires, saving people’s lives,
eliminating threats, treating and transporting the wounded, etc.
Now, depending on what source one examines, the exact role of
secondary responders can be defined in many ways, but the
easiest is to simply say that they support first responders and
support recovery.
For example, when a fire occurs in a building, utility companies
(secondary responders) are called to shut off electricity and gas
lines that could cause more issues trying to extinguish the fire.
Once victims are given first aid, they may be transported to
another secondary responder, a hospital that will treat their
injuries.
But the interaction is supporting the first responders during the
response and then some secondary responders take over to deal

with the recovery phase, such as restoration of infrastructure
damaged (repairing electrical lines damaged by a tornado, for
example). Claussen (2011) states the second responders work to
clean up after the disaster to return the area to normalcy.
References
Claussen, L. (2011). Putting safety first among second
responders.
Safety+Health. https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articl
es/putting-safety-first-among-second-responders-2
(2020). Introduction to emergency management, (7th ed.).
Butterworth-Heinemann.
William Leach
When disasters strike public agency first and secondary
responders are the first if not the most important sector
members to service a community in their time of need. Primary
because when sudden disasters strike, state and federal agencies
have yet to be notified. Let alone knowing what their needs may
be. State and federal agencies rely heavily on public agency
input and perspective when attempting to serve an incident. For
example, let’s use the Boston Marathon bombing. In this
disaster locating the bombers was of the utmost importance and
its success could not be achieved with public service agents.
Hospitals, Universitas, and local police worked in tandem in
communicating the movements of all persons on their grounds.
As well as tracking cameras, shutting down roads, etc. They
primarily lead the charge in capturing the two primary bombers.
TOPIC #2: The Role of Secondary Responders
During major incidents, public agencies such as public works,
hospitals, utility companies, and other municipal agencies work
hand in hand with first responders. Discuss the role of
secondary responders during major emergencies.

Timothy Brenneman
As mentioned in the first discussion post, the public agencies,
specifically the first responders, play a vital role during
emergencies. However, the secondary responders also play an
important role during the process. To start, the hospitals carry a
heavy burden with having to treat the victims and allocate
proper resources and manning to the correct places. This is
imperative because it could mean the difference between life
and death. Another great example of secondary responders
working during emergencies if the utility companies and having
to fix any issues that may arise. This includes electricity and
water. In this era, it is hard for us to do many things, including
work, if electricity is not available. Often before a disaster,
stores are sold out of the essentials due to consumers
overstocking, therefore, some community members may not
have the necessities to make it a long time with running water
and electricity. It shows that the secondary responders play as
just a vital role as the first responders during a disaster.
References
Canton, L. G. (2020). Emergency management: Concepts and
strategies for effective programs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
(2021). Introduction to Emergency
Management (7th ed.).
Kenneth Battersby
Hello All,
So as we all know major disasters or incidents cause a lot of
panic and rash decisions, and understanding everyone's role can
be critical into life and death situations. Using the examples in
the question, public works, hospitals, utility companies and
even secondary fire and police teams play major roles into
restoring the incident back to normal and securing the area and
members affected. Consider an explosion going off and bursting

water pipes or causing a gas leak, as much as most people
wouldn't consider utility companies or public works to be
responders they would play a key role in this type of incident
and the community would need their help to shut off the lines
and fix the damage. Hospitals, ambulance drivers, medics all
fall in line with secondary critical response but at times may
also fall in line with first responders. Saving life during and
after a major disaster or incident is critical and key to recovery
as well. Hospitals get filled with injured patients after major
incidents and they need to be able to respond if the injured
exceeds the limit of the hospital. According to
healthmanagement.org (2010) "An all hazards plan is an
integrated planning approach to any realistic threat to an
organization including natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and
any other incidents that could threaten the operational capacity
of a hospital" (para. 6). It is important to understand how vital
secondary responders are to the impact of emergency response.
Healthmanagement.org (2010, May). Hospital disaster response:
Are you really prepared?. Retrieved
from https://healthmanagement.or g/c/it/issuearticle/hospital-
disaster-response-are-you-really-prepared
Hector Chamo
Class,
When a tornado goes through a state, county, communities it
plows through many homes, critical infrastructures leave behind
mourning families with no homes and mourning over deaths.
After the first responders is completed y securing the scene,
picking up how wounded, deaths it is up to the secondary
responders to clean up ravages of disaster areas, stabilize
infrastructure.
The work of second responders is so vital that John Devlin,
safety director of the Washington-based Utility Workers Union

of America, objects to the term. “I look at them as first
responders,” Devlin said. “They’re definitely on the scene
assisting the police and the firemen and the EMTs. They are
certainly a valuable asset to them as well as the communities.”
(Putting
safety first among second responders, 2013).
Second responders has to worry about the risks, health of the
community, for example if there is a spillage, hazard material it
can have a issues for the community and the wildlife. Sharing
experiences, stories can help in the mitigation process.
“I believe that working collectively, sitting down and sharing
those experiences, and developing those procedures that make
us as prepared as we can be benefits everyone involved. You
can anticipate what to expect, but until you actually physically
climb down that hole, you don’t know what is waiting for
you.” .” (Putting safety first among second responders, 2013).
Reference
Safety+Health Magazine. (2013, June 12). Putting safety first
among second responders.
Safety+Health Magazine. Retrieved October 17, 2021, from
https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/putting-
safety-first-among-second-
responders-2.
Hector
CJ525

Unit 5 Assignment
Sampling, Research Challenges, and Ethical Research
Presentation
For this week’s assignment, you will create a PowerPoint®
presentation on sampling, research challenges, and ethical
research. The first part will require you to clearly distinguish
probability and non-probability sampling, including specific
types of sampling of each, their strengths and weaknesses, and
steps for reducing systematic bias and sampling error. The
second part will ask you to describe challenges you could
encounter in designing and conducting research. In the final
section, you will explain how to conduct ethical research,
identify policies and regulations governing research involving
human subjects, and discuss ethical considerations related to
your specific study topic for your research proposal.
Create an 8- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation incorporating
the following elements:
Part 1: Sampling
· Differentiate probability and non-probability sampling,
providing research examples to illustrate when probability
sampling is appropriate and when non-probability sampling is
appropriate.
· Identify three types of probability sampling, explaining how
each is performed.
· Identify three types of non-probability sampling, explaining
how each is performed.
· Explain the strengths and weaknesses of probability and non-
probability sampling in terms of how each does or does not
reduce probability error and sampling bias.
Part 2: Research Challenges
· Describe at least five challenges that may be encountered
when completing research. As discussed in this week’s readings,
these challenges may involve gatekeepers and access to data or
subjects being denied for political, procedural, and/or ethical
reasons.

· Provide examples for each of the five challenges to support
your discussion.
· Explain how you could develop/alter the research design to
overcome each of the five identified challenges.
Part 3: Ethical Research
· Describe principles of ethical research, including policies and
regulations that govern research involving human subjects.
· Describe the Institutional Review Board process.
· Discuss ethical considerations related to your proposed
research study (the one that will form the basis of the
preliminary research proposal you are completing for this
course).
· Your 8- to 10-slide requirement is excluding your title,
introduction, and reference slides.
· Use one basic slide design and layout.
· Limit each slide to between 6 and 8 lines of content.
· You may use pictures, charts, and graphs to supplement your
material as long as they do not take up the entire slide.
· Use bullets for your main points.
· Use speaker notes to fully explain what is being discussed in
the bullet points as though you are presenting to an audience,
being sure to follow Standard English (correct grammar,
punctuation, etc.).
· Viewpoint and purpose should be clearly established and
sustained.
· Presentation should be well ordered, logical, and unified, as
well as original and insightful.
· Your work should display superior content, organization,
style, and mechanics.
· Appropriate citation style should be followed.
You should also make sure to:
· Use examples to support your discussion.
· List all sources on a separate reference slide at the end of your
PowerPoint presentation and cite them within the body of the
presentation using APA format and citation style. For more

information on APA guidelines, visit Academic Tools.
Directions for Submitting Your Assignment
Compose your assignment and save it in the following format:
Course#_LastnameFirstname Unit # Assignment (example:
CJ525_SmithJohn Unit 5 Assignment). Submit your assignment
to the appropriate Dropbox by the end of the unit.
CJ525
Unit5 DQ
Sampling and Research Challenges
Part I: Suppose you were awarded a research grant to survey
inmates currently incarcerated in state prison systems about
their physical and mental health care needs. Given that there are
more than 1.3 million people incarcerated in U.S. prisons, it
would not be feasible to survey each inmate. What type of
sampling would be the most effective (least selection bias) and
efficient (most timely) to use for this research scenario? Explain
the rationale for your response, providing examples and support
from this week’s readings.
Part II: This week you will consider some of the political,
procedural, and ethical challenges that researchers must often
face. Recent protests around the nation have called into
question the use of force by public safety officials, with
particular concern over the impact on minority community
members. Since 2000, the Fatal Encounters Project has collected
data on 26,218 records of people killed during police
interactions. Reflecting on what you learned from the “Delicate
Balancing Act" reading this week, describe how you might
navigate political, gatekeeper, and ethical challenges in
researching the relationship between race and police killings.
Describe the research design and sampling strategy you would
use to conduct a study on this issue that would be generalizable
to other areas of the country.

Megan Tschirhart-bell
Part One
To complete a survey with as little bias as possible the use of
probability sampling would be encouraged. Probability
sampling allows for an equal opportunity for selection and
reduces conscious or unconscious bias (Maxfield & Babbie,
2018). Specifically utilizing a stratified sample and possibly
combining with it a systematic random sampling should assist in
conducting a more cost-effective and timely sampling. Stratified
sampling consists of dividing a large group, in this case, the 1.3
million incarcerated individuals, into smaller groups called
strata and then conducting a simple random sampling from each
group (Ayiro, 2012). From there using a systematic random
sampling of each of the strata, or prisons in this case, can
effectively reduce the sample size to a more manageable range
(Trochim, 2020). By breaking the number of inmates into
groups, rather than attempting to take a sampling of the
collective and surveying a systematic random sampling of those
groups it has the possibility of yielding results that represent
the inmate population.
Part Two
In negotiating between race and police killings to conduct
research would involve a great deal of balance between ethical
and pollical challenges. It would be necessary for the researcher
to be prepared to interact with gatekeepers as there would be
those on either side of the dilemma with an affinity for
protecting their community. The information and research that
was reported by McAreavey (2013) presented the potential for
the ethical challenge that would be encountered in negotiating
with gatekeepers. Having to negotiate and gain their trust in an
essence to be granted access to specific information could bring
a significant number of biases to the findings. To conduct a
research study on the relationship between race and police
killings a necessary evil to have access to the information to be

able to report accurately. Accuracy and fair reporting are
extremely important when researching this magnitude, due to
dilemmas involving minority communities being derived from
mainstream ideas and are often broadcasted heavily
(McAreavey, 2013). To accomplish this research study the
engagement of the gatekeepers to assist in obtaining
information should be considered as they are respected members
of their community and often regulate the information shared
with researchers (McAreavey, 2013). Perhaps by obtaining their
consent and asking if they would assist in either surveying their
community on your behalf or accompanying you while
conducting the research. The method of sampling in this
situation would be to utilize snowball sampling by beginning
with the gatekeeper as the primary and then building on their
recommendations and references (Trochim, 2020). As more and
more connections are established and the proverbial snowball
builds the thought is that the area being represented will grow
and possibly establish trends that are similar to other areas of
the country.
References
Ayiro, L. P. (2012). A functional approach to educational
research methods and statistics: Qualitative, quantitative, and
mixed methods approaches. Edwin Mellen Press.
Maxfield, M. G., & Babbie, E. R. (2018). Research methods for
criminal justice and criminology. Cengage Learning.
McAreavey, R., & Das, C. (2013). A delicate balancing act:
Negotiating with gatekeepers for ethical research when
researching minority communities. International Journal of
Qualitative Methods, 12, 113–
131. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/16094069130
1200102
Trochim, W. (2020). The research methods knowledge base.
Conjoint.ly.com https://conjointly.com/kb/

Samer Silva
If I was awarded a research grant and was to initiate a survey of
more than 1.3 million incarcerated individuals I would use
stratified sampling. Stratified sampling has advantages such as
producing smaller error of estimation that a simple random
sampling would produce and also has low costs per observation
as convenient groupings are made ( Penn State, n.d.). For
example, by stratifying the pooling there is an unbiased
estimator which increases effectiveness and saves time by not
being time consuming such as simple random sampling or other
methods that may not line up with the low selection bias as
stratified sampling.
Regarding this week's readings, navigating political,
gatekeeper, and ethical challenges within researching
relationships between race and police killings I can break down
a research design and sampling strategy to conduct a study on
this particular issue. Before I get into the research design and
sampling strategy however, it is important to understand the
article that was highlighted and how phronesis allows
researchers to make ethical decisions that are deemed as cri tical
on specific characteristics of research sites and subjects
(McAreavey & Das, 2013). This helps with navigating the
ethical challenges among others within research guidelines and
the relationships they hold. The research design and sampling
strategy that I would use to conduct a study on this issue would
be a correlational research design to see how strong the
variables are related, race and police killings in this scenario
and a systematic random sampling strategy as it can be free
from bias and has a system to it which ensures more
effectiveness over simple random sampling. For example, I
would conduct my sampling and create a mean average for
individuals that have been affected or know of someone who has
been affected with a relationship between race and police
killings with a correlational research design so the independent
variable (race) and dependent variable (police killings) could be
compared and contrasted. This would be generalizable to other

areas of the country as it would not be entirely specific on the
demographics of the study and rather a random but more concise
study.
References:
Penn State. (n.d.). 6.1 - how to use Stratified sampling: Stat
506. Retrieved October 20, 2021,
from https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat506/lesson/6/6.1
McAreavey, R., & Das, C. (2013). A Delicate Balancing Act:
Negotiating with Gatekeepers for Ethical Research When
Researching Minority Communities. Retrieved October 21,
2021,
from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1609406913
01200102
Jeffery Bailey
Hello All
While going over the assigned reading and considering the
specifics of this scenario I would use the stratified sampling
technique, this technique is a common sampling technique used
by researchers when trying to draw conclusions from different
sub-groups or strata. The strata or sub-groups should be
different, and the data should not overlap. While using stratified
sampling, the researcher should use simple probability
sampling. The population is divided into various subgroups such
as age, gender, nationality, job profile, educational level, etc.
Stratified sampling is used when the researcher wants to
understand the existing relationship between two groups.
When researching and trying to calculate the type of data I wi ll
have to first decide the amount of data to be collected which
should be specified in a positive and confident manner. It
should be based on anticipated numbers and should avoid any
sense of uncertainty or vagueness in the way the details are
presented using the stratified approach, using the sample

calculator I would decide how many of the inmates that I have
to sample so that my survey findings will represent the masses.
This would fall under the topic in our text readings of deciding
who or what will be included.
The people or things to be included in the research need to be
identified with a good degree of precision. This is another key
component of the information that readers will need in order to
evaluate the overall value of the proposed research. First, it
calls upon the researcher to be clear about the research
population. The Methods section of the proposal should
pinpoint exactly which people or things are the objects of the
research (Denscomb, 2019). Given the large number of inmates
that we have incarcerated in the United States, I would have to
break the people to be surveyed into smaller manageable
groups, then I would have sample questions or (surveys) that
will eliminate and disqualify persons that may be time-wasters.
Or people who are not relevant to my research.
Part II
Gatekeepers control access to a particular community or
institution and as a result researchers are reliant on their input.
It is generally recognized that gatekeepers play an important
role in social research particularly for researching communities
that do not trust mainstream research and are seldom heard from
or for research involving sensitive subjects. They have the
power to deny access to the researcher and they may also
influence whether individuals opt-in or out of a process. By
negotiating directly with prospective research participants,
gatekeepers can speed up the recruitment process by acting as
cultural mediators or brokers they can help the researcher
become more culturally competent. Gatekeepers can act as
guarantors of the researcher’s legitimacy within the community
and, ultimately, they may save the researcher time and resources
(Denscomb, 2019). In dealing with a research project such as
this with political and ethical challenges I would first talk with
the gatekeeper to get a feel for the support of this research. As
stated the gatekeeper has a lot of pull and influence in how

successful and valid your research will be. Using phronesis in
this type of research will go a long way in getting the
cooperation of minorities. The type of research I would use in
this case is “ Simple Random Sampling” to ensure the
gatekeeper that I will use the formula of n=N=NCn to ensure
that everyone will have an equal chance of being selected for
my survey, a chief concern when dealing politically, ethnically
or with minorities transparency is paramount. from my survey
pool I would use Stratified Random Sampling, to break my
subjects up into varying groups all the while working closely
with the gatekeeper to ensure a credible research effort.
Denscomb. (2019). Research Proposals 2nd Edition. London
England: Open International Publishing.

HM510Unit 5 AssignmentRoles of the Public and Private Sector

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to HM510Unit 5 AssignmentRoles of the Public and Private Sector

Similar to HM510Unit 5 AssignmentRoles of the Public and Private Sector (13)

More from SusanaFurman449

More from SusanaFurman449 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

HM510Unit 5 AssignmentRoles of the Public and Private Sector