Industrialization is a multifaceted phenomenon that have positive and negative impacts on health which includes: Economic Growth, Technology, Population Growth Urbanization. The extremely committed, wellinformed, well-funded, devolved and democratically responsive forms of local government and redistributive resources and authority of the central state is essential for effective management. Accept industry not as an end in itself but as a means to the upliftment of social, economic and spiritual well-being.

1. Industrialization
and Health
Prepared By:
Sunita Poudel
MPH(PHSM) - I Sem,
SHAS, Pokhara University
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2. Industrialization
• Industrialization is a transformation away from an agricultural- or
resource-based economy, toward an economy based on mass
manufacturing.
• Industrialization- history-economically developed nations
• Industrialization- aspirations- under developed nations
Manual labor-driven
economy
(Agrarian/resource-
based economy
Mass
manufacturing
Machine labor-
driven industrial
society
Transformation
Industrialization
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3. Industrial Revolution
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4. • Industrial Revolution was first popularized by the English
economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) to describe
Britain’s economic development from 1760 to 1840.
• Major countries: Britain, Belgium, France, Germany, US,
Japan.
• Centred in iron, coal, and textiles.
• Changes from hand production towards machines to
increase productivity.
Industrial Revolution
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5. Industrial Revolution
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6. • Rana regime
• Ciggarete and match factories
• Raghupati Jute Mills established in 1946 is regarded as the first
modern industry of Nepal.
Industrial Development in Nepal
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7. Effects of Industrialization on
health???
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8. Industrialization and Health
• Multifaceted phenomenon that have positive and negative impacts
on health.
1. Economic Growth
2. Technology
3. Population Growth
4. Urbanization
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9. 1. Economic Growth and Health
• Industrialization was a necessary initiating historical process
experienced by all today’s successful, high per capita income
societies and highest life expectancy at birth.
• Expansion of international and intercontinental trade.
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10. Positive Effects Negative Effects
• Advanced medical technology
• Increased life expectancy, material
living standards
• Better food supply
• High health security coverage
• Employment, job security and
satisfaction
• Exchange of potentially fatal
diseases
• Environmental problems
• Hazardous sedentary lifestyles
• Italy: Sanitary problems of packed,
urban living and imported
epidemics
• America: Lethal epidemics of
infectious diseases
1. Economic Growth and Health
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11. Four Ds of rapid economic growth
 Political mobilization of the society
 Massive investment in urban
preventive health infrastructure
 Accompany regulatory and
inspection system
 Humane social security system
1D.
Disruption
2D.
Deprivation
3D.
Disease
4D.
Death
4Ds
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12. 2. Technology and Health
Positive effects Negative effects
• Predicting epidemics
• Avoiding preventable deaths
• Improving quality of life
• Improving quality of care
• Advances in medical knowledge and
institutions
• Importance of sanitation and sewering
was well-understood
• Importance of personal hygiene, good
food and cleanliness of the personal
environment.
• Occupational hazards
• Increased costs
• Pollution
• Acute chemical poisoning
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13. 3. Population Growth and Health
• Industrialization ushered much of the world into the
modern era, renovating patterns of human settlement, labor
and family life.
• Movement towards towns and cities for employment due to
advancement in industry and the growth of factory
production, which increases population in urban areas.
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14. Demographic Transition: By Warren
Thompson (1929)
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15. Demographic Transition
Pre-industrial Stage Industrializing Stage Mature Industrial Post Industrial
Crude birth rate and
crude death rate
remain close to each
other keeping the
population relatively
low level.
Improvements in health
care delivery and
medicines, investments in
sanitation and
infrastructure, bring a
sharp drop in the crude
death rates.
Crude birth rates remain
roughly the same during
this stage, thus increase in
population rate.
Crude death rates
continue to decline,
and it is theorized
that economic
development within
the society bring
incentives to bring
the crude birth rates
down slightly.
The population
growth begins to
level off because
the crude birth
rates have reduced
to closely follow the
crude death rates.
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16. 4. Urbanization and Health
• Industrialization has historically led to urbanization by creating economic
growth and job opportunities that draw people to cities.
Positive effects Negative effects
• Better living standards
• Convenience and Access to
Educational and Health Services,
which allows increased literacy
and better health.
• Pollution
• Overcrowding
• Disease transmission
• Poor sanitation and housing
• Reccurrent cholera during 1830s
and 1870s in British society.
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17. 4. Urbanization and Health
• During 1870- Increased urban life expectancies in general.
• During 20th century: Britain shows that industrialization had a
powerfully negative direct impact on population health,
concentrated particularly among the families of the relatively
disempowered, displaced migrants who provided a large part of the
workforces in the fast-growing industrial towns and cities.
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18. Positive aspects:
• In 18th century, local monopoly services to provide revenue for an
expanding preventive health and social services infrastructure.
• During early 19th century, urban death rate tumbling down as local
authorities’ expenditure on the health and environmental needs of
their mass electorates multiplied.
18
5. Politics and Health
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19. Positive aspects:
• “New Liberal” administration ushered new era of state activism to
focus on following areas:
– Old age pension
– Labour exchange
– School medical inspection service
– Free school meals for the needy
– National insurance against sickness
19
5. Politics and Health
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20. Negative aspects:
• In British society between 1830 and 1870, effective paralysis of political
will, dodged the expensive issue of investment in urban preventive health
infrastructure.
• The powerful commercial and business interest groups divided among
themselves.
• The ‘winners’ gambled huge amounts of capital in the railway mania.
• There was no adequate collective investment in the basic health
infrastructure of sewers, clean water and street paving.
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5. Politics and Health
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21. Health problems of industrializing societies
• Communicable Diseases
 Cholera, Dysentry, Typhoid
 Tuberculosis
 Syphilis
 Scarlet Fever, Measles,
Whooping Cough, Diphtheria
 Pneumonia, Influenza
Cholera sometimes struck so quickly that people
died on the streets. This plate shows men in uniform
picking up a corpse in the street and putting it on a
wagon.
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22. Other health problems of
industrializing societies
A woman suffering from chronic
pellagra. Watercolour, ca. 1925
• Pellagra, Rickets and Goitre
• Peptic ulcer, appendicitis
• Lung diseases-occupational and
environmental exposure
Miners during their lunch-break in a coal
mine in Limburg, 1945
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23. Conclusion
• All economic exchange entails health risks and industrialization
results in a concentrated cocktail of such health risks.
• Currently non-industrialized societies are neither encouraged nor
forced to enter the industrialization.
• The undesirable fourth ‘D’ of death and possibly even the third ‘D’ of
disease can be managed and respond given a sufficiently careful and
thoroughgoing effort.
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24. • The extremely committed, wellinformed, well-funded,
devolved and democratically responsive forms of local
government and redistributive resources and authority of
the central state is essential for effective management.
• Accept industry not as an end in itself but as a means to the
upliftment of social, economic and spiritual well-being.
Conclusion
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25. Kenyaplex. Effects of Industrialization on Health and Healthcare Delivery.
https://www.kenyaplex.com/resources/12473-effects-of-industrialization-on-health-
and-healthcare-delivery.aspx
Khatri, M. B. (2018). Industrial Development in Nepal: Problems and Prospects. Economic
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Kirk, D. (1996). Demographic transition theory. Population studies, 50(3), 361–387.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000149536
Kurian, O. C. (2008). Rationalising Rationing: The Curious Case of Economic Evaluations in
Health. Social Scientist, 36(7/8), 37–63. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27644288
Mackenbach, J.P. (2020). A History of Public Health. Brill.
https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004429130_006
Rajbhandari, S., Khanal, G., Parajuli, S., & Karki, D. (2020). A Review on Potentiality of Industry
4.0 in Nepal: Does the Pandemic Play Catalyst Role?. Quest Journal of Management and
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References
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