The document discusses water resources and conservation. It notes that while the earth's surface is mostly covered in water, only a small portion is fresh water suitable for human use. Reasons for freshwater shortage include increasing population, urbanization, and pollution. The document advocates for various water conservation techniques like rainwater harvesting, lining canals to reduce seepage, and efficient irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler systems.

1. Class – 8
Geography
NCERT
• Water
• Factors for
fresh water
shortage
• Conservation of
Water
SHALINI KUMARI
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Chapter 2
Land , Soil, Water
, Natural
Vegetation and
Wildlife
Resources

2. Water Resources
Water is a vital renewable natural
resource.
Three-fourth’s of the earth’s surface is
covered with water. It is therefore
appropriately called the ‘water planet’.
The oceans cover two-thirds of the earth’s
surface and support a rich variety of plant
and animal life.
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3.  The ocean water is however saline and
not fit for human consumption.
 Fresh water accounts for only about 2.7
per cent.
Water Resources
Fresh
Water 2.7
Other
Sources
97.3
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4. Fresh Water
Nearly 70 per cent of Fresh water occurs as
ice sheets and glaciers (Antarctica,
Greenland and mountain regions).
Due to their location they are inaccessible.
Only 1 per cent of freshwater is available and
fit for human use.
It is found as ground water, as surface water
in rivers and lakes and as water vapour in the
atmosphere.
Fresh water is therefore, the most precious
substance on earth.
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Water Cycle (Hydrological
Cycle)
The total volume of water resources on the earth
remains constant.

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An average urban
Indian uses about
150 litres of
water every day.

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USES OF WATER
Drinking
Cooking/Washin
g
Agriculture
Public Facilities
Industries
Hydo-electricity
Construction

8. Reasons for Fresh Water
Shortage
Increasing
population
Rising demands
for food and cash
crops
Increasing
urbanisation
Rising standards
of living
Discharge of untreated or partially
treated sewage, agricultural chemicals
and industrial effluents in water bodies

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WORLD WATER DAY
22
MARCH

10. Water market
Amreli city in Saurastra
region with a population of
1.25 lakhs is completely
dependent on purchasing
water from the nearby
talukas.
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Conservation of Water
Forest and other vegetation cover slow the surface
runoff and replenish underground water.
Water harvesting is another method to save
surface runoff.
The canals used for irrigating field should be
properly lined to minimise losses by water
seepage.
Sprinklers effectively irrigate the area by checking
water losses through seepage and evaporation.
In dry regions with high rates of evaporation, drip
or trickle irrigation is very useful.

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Conservation of Water - Rainwater
Harvesting

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Conservation of Water - Rainwater
Harvesting

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Rainwater Harvesting Theme
Park

16. Conservation of Water - Canals
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INDIRA GANDHI CANAL

17. Conservation of Water - Canals
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GRAND CANAL
BEIJING
INDIRA GANDHI CANAL

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Conservation of Water - Canals

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Conservation of Water - Canals

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Conservation of Water - Drip
Irrigation

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Conservation of Water - Drip
Irrigation

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Conservation of Water - Drip
Irrigation

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Conservation of Water -
Sprinklers

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Conservation of Water -
Sprinklers

26. River Yamuna is getting polluted
due to sewage, industrial effluents
and garbage
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27. May 25, 2020
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28. THANK YOU
SHALINI KUMARI
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