Focus 4 PowerPoint for Struck By Hazards

1. Struck-By Hazards
OSHA 10/30

2. 2
Source: OTI Course #3030
Recognize Any Hazard(s)?

3. 3
YES
Source: OTI Course #3030
Avoid struck-by hazards by
not working within the
swing radius of heavy
equipment

4. 4
Recognize Any Hazard(s)?
Source: Susan Harwood Grant Number SH-17792-08-60-F-48 by Compacion Foundation

5. 5
YES
Source: Susan Harwood Grant Number SH-17792-08-60-F-48 by Compacion Foundation
Grinding or striking materials can
create flying object hazards. This
worker is protected by equipment
guarding and faceshield, but should
have safety glasses/goggles

6. 6
Source: Construction Safety Council
Recognize Any Hazard(s)?

7. 7
YES
A worker could be struck by the wrecking
ball, hit, or run over by the excavator
The wrecking ball is loosely attached
to arm; could come loose and strike
operator’s cab
Source: Construction Safety Council

8. 8
Recognize Any Hazard(s)?
Source: National Photo Archive ID #3295

9. 9
YES
No head protection -
workers exposed to struck-
by hazards from falling
objects
Source: National Photo Archive ID #3295

10. 10
Recognize Any Hazard(s)?
Source: National Photo Archive ID #1470

11. 11
YES
Source: National Photo Archive ID #1470
Unsecured gas
cylinders are being
transported, exposing
workers to struck-by
hazard from flying
projectiles

12. 12
Recognize Any Hazard(s)?
Source: OTI Course #2000

13. 13
YES
Source: OTI Course #2000
Avoid working below suspended
overhead materials. Worker is
exposed to falling and swinging
struck-by hazards

14. 14
Recognize Any Hazard(s)?
Source: National Photo Archive ID #3466

15. 15
YES
Source: National Photo Archive ID #3466
Highway construction worker needs to wear high
visibility reflective clothing to help prevent struck-by
hazard from moving heavy equipment

16. 16
Recognize Any Hazard(s)?
Source: National Photo Archive ID #1860

17. 17
YES
Slip form paver had blind spot to the rear exposing workers to a
struck-by hazard from moving heavy equipment; mirror was
added in order for operator to see
Source: National Photo Archive ID #1860

18. 18
Source: OTI Course #2080
Recognize Any Hazard(s)?

19. 19
YES
Stay clear of loads that are suspended or about to be
suspended which create struck-by hazards from falling or
swinging objects. If control of the load by a worker is
necessary then a tag line should be used
Source: OTI Course #2080

20. Recognize Any Hazard(s)?
Source: Susan Harwood Grant Number SH-17792-08-60-F-48 by Compacion Foundation

21. YES
Source: Susan Harwood Grant Number SH-17792-08-60-F-48 by Compacion Foundation
Powder-actuated tools can create flying
object struck-by hazards. Never drive into
easily penetrated materials when workers are
on the other side

22. Topics
1. What is a struck-by hazard?
2. What are the common types of struck-by hazards in construction?
3. How can I protect myself from struck-by hazards?
4. What is my employer required to do to protect workers from struck-
by hazards?

23. Topic 1: What is a struck-by hazard?
A. Definition
B. Examples

24. A. Definition
• Produced by forcible contact or impact between the injured person and an object
or piece of equipment.
• Struck-by hazards can resemble caught-in or –between hazards
• Was the impact of the object alone the cause of the injury?
• If YES; considered as STRUCK
• If the injury is created more as a result of crushing injuries between objects; considered as
CAUGHT
• Categorized as:
• Struck-by flying object
• Struck-by falling object
• Struck-by swinging object
• Struck-by rolling object

25. B. Examples

26. Falling Object
• Hoisting bricks in bucket to top of building
• Bucket tilted and the bricks spilled out
• Struck worker below in the head
• Suffered blunt force trauma to his head
• Died at the hospital 8 days later

27. Highway
• 4 workers installing signs on a highway
• Pickup truck change several lanes and entered the work area
• The truck struck one of the workers
• Knocked him off the road and over the bridge rail
• Fell approx. 18 ft and died

28. Moving Equipment
• Inspector was crossing an equipment vehicle route
• Walked into the path of the end loader traveling the route
• Inspector was run over and killed
• The loader operator was unaware that he struck the inspector

29. Counterweight
• Worker was struck by the counterweight and revolving superstructure
when he walked between the excavator and a hillside

30. Topic 1 Review
• What are the four categories of struck-by hazards?
• Stuck-by flying object
• Struck-by falling object
• Struck-by swinging object
• Struck-by rolling object

31. Topic 2: What are the common types of
struck-by hazards in construction?
A. Struck-by flying object
B. Struck-by falling object
C. Struck-by swinging object
D. Struck-by rolling object

32. A. Struck-by flying object
• Hazard exists when something has been thrown, hurled, or is being
propelled across space
• Hazard also exists if an object is ejected under power by a tool of
equipment usually designed for that purpose
• Ex: Nail gun
• Using compressed air can also cause a flying objects
• Commonly used to power tools and clean surfaces
• Example:
• Worker was removing a frozen bolt from the track of a caterpillar front end
loader and was struck-by a bolt that entered his forehead

33. B. Struck-by falling object
• The source of injury is falling from an elevation to a lower level
• Including instances where the injured person is crushed, pinned, or caught
under a falling object, other than collapsing material or structures
• Example:
• Four workers rebuilding a bridge that had washed out by floods were injured
when a boom cable broke, and the boom fell on them.
• A worker was assisting a rigger who had attached a load to the block hook of
a wheel mounted crane. The crane operator was positioned in the cab and
waiting for the hand signal to make the lift. During this process, the jib of the
crane fell from its stowed position on the boom and struck the worker. The
worker died later at the scene

34. Struck-by swinging object
• The source of injury has been referred to objects which are not free
standing, they are attached at some point or are being held by a
worker.
• This includes instances where a hinge-like motion retracts creating a
swinging motion in which the worker is struck-by a slamming or
swinging motion
• Example:
• Worker was working within the swing radius of a barge-mounted crane used
in dredging operations. He was hit and killed

35. Struck-by rolling object
• An object is rolling, moving, or sliding on the same level at which a
worker is located
• Includes instances in which the worker is struck or run over by a
moving vehicle without being caught under it
• Example:
• A worker was setting traffic cones at a paving project. A steel wheel roller was
compressing the asphalt, and the traffic cones were being moved so that they
would not be in the path of the roller. The worker was injured when he was
struck by an automobile. He was thrown over the hood of the car and into
another lane of traffic, where he was struck by another automobile. He was
dragged 141 ft. by second vehicle. He was pronounced dead at the hospital.

36. Topic 2 Review
• What are the hazards?
• What are the results?
• What should we look for?

37. Topic 3. How can I protect myself form struck-
by hazards?
A. Heavy equipment [cranes, excavators, etc.]
B. Motor vehicles [trucks, cars, etc.]
C. General safe work practices
D. Personal protective equipment (PPE)

38. A. Heavy equipment [cranes, excavators, etc.]
• Stay clear of lifted loads and never work under a suspended load
• Be aware of unbalanced loads
• Be aware of the swing radius of cranes and backhoes and do not
enter that zone
• Unless confirmed with operator they are visible
• Do not exceed a vehicle’s rated load or lift capacity
• Do not carry personnel unless there is a safe place to ride

39. B. Motor vehicles [trucks, cars, etc.]
• Vehicle safety practices must be observed at construction sites to limit worker
exposure to struck-by hazards such as struck-by swinging backhoes, struck-by
falling/overturning vehicles, and struck-by trucks or cars
• To avoid these types of hazards, wrokers should:
• Wear seat belts at all times
• Inspect vehicle before each shift to assure it’s in safe operating condition
• All vehicles must have proper braking systems
• Workers must be highly visible in all levels of light
• When working on or near any construction zone:
• Wear high-vis reflective clothing at all times
• Do not put yourself at risk of being struck-by a vehicle
• Check that necessary warning signs are posted
• Never cross the path of a backing vehicle

40. C. General safe work practices
• When working with compressed air
• Never clean clothing with compressed air
• When working with hand tools
• Do not use tools with loose, cracked, or splintered handles
• Do not use impact tools with mushroomed heads
• When working with machines, such as jack hammers, pavement saws
• Ensure all guards are in place and in working order
• Protect feet, eyes, ears and hands; wear hearing protection
• When working with powder-actuated tools
• Be sure to be trained and licensed to operate these tools if required

41. D. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Eye and face protection:
• Use based on anticipated hazards
• Safety glasses shall be worn at all times
• Head protection
• Wear at all times
• Routinely inspect for dents, cracks or deterioration; replace after a heavy
blow; maintain in good condition

42. Topic 3 Review
1. How can we work safely around heavy equipment?
• What are the hazards?
• What are the results?
• What should we look for?
2. How do we prevent struck-by incidents involving power tools?
• What are the hazards?
• What are the results?
• What should we look for?

43. Topic 4. What is my employer required to do
to protect workers from struck-by hazards?
A. Heavy equipment [cranes, excavators, etc.]
B. Motor vehicles [trucks, cars, etc.]
C. General requirements for protecting workers
D. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
E. Training

44. A. Heavy equipment [cranes, excavators, etc.]
• Erect barriers to mark the area covered by the rotating superstructure
to warn workers of the danger zone
• Ensure that the equipment is in safe operating condition via required
inspections
• Ensure safe attachment of rigging devices
• Require Seat belts
• Ensure roadways and grade are maintained to accommodate the safe
movement of equipment and vehicles

45. B. Motor vehicles [trucks, cars, etc.]
• Erect barricades that conform to the MUTCD
• Place necessary warning signs along the road
• All workers on site should have a safety and operations orientation

46. C. General requirements for protecting
workers
• All hand tools are maintained in good conditions
• Saws are equipped with guards and have a constant pressure switch
that will shut off the power when the pressure is released
• Only trained workers are allowed to operate powder actuated tools
• Powder actuated tools are not loaded until immediately before use
and loaded tools are not left unattended
• Toeboards are erected along the edge of overhead walking/working
surfaces

47. D. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Pay for PPE as required by OSHA
• Provide and require the use of appropriate PPE in all operations
where there is an exposure to hazardous conditions
• Ensure adequacy of PPE including proper maintenance and sanitation
• Ensure eye, face, and head protective equipment meets ANSI
requirements

48. E. Training
• Train workers in the work zone to recognize hazards associated with the
use of the equipment and any related duties that they are assigned to
perform
• Ensure crane operators are qualified or certified according OSHA standards
• Ensure signal person meets qualification requirement according to OSHA
standards
• Instruct workers in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and
the regulations
• Ensure that qualified operators and riggers have been trained on rigging
safety