describes in detail about various cysts and sellings occuring in human body

1. Swellings & cysts
-Dr M Srinivas,
Assistant prof.,
General Surgery Dept.,
NRIIMS

2. Swelling
(or)
mass
(or)
lump

3. Diagnosis of swelling
• Origin from?
• Type of swelling(c,i,n,t,o)
Congenital-hemangioma,meningocele,cystic
hygroma....branchial cyst,dermoid
cyst,thyroglossal cyst

4. lipoma
• most common benign tumour
• hyperplasia or combo of neoplasm &
hyperplasia
• universal tumour (ubiquitous tumour) as it
can occur anywhere in the body except brain

5. • localised (encapsulated) or diffuse
(nonencapsulated)
• superficial or deep
• single or multiple Multiple lipomas are 15%
common; males(6:1).
common in back, shoulder and upper arm;
can be symmetrical
can be associated with many syndromes like
multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN),Cowden’s,
Frohlich, Proteus, Bannayan-Zonana syndromes

8. Clinical features
• lobular (surface), nontender
• Often fluctuant & usually nontransilluminant
• Mobile, with edges slipping between the
palpating fingers (slip sign)
• Skin is free
• Pedunculated at times
• Pain
• Trunk is the most common site; nape of neck
and limbs are next common.

9. Slip sign

13. Fluctuation test(if +fluid in swelling)

16. Dermoids
• types-sequestration,
tubuloid(thyroglossal,ependymal,urachal,post anal)
implantation,
teratomatous
• Dermoid cyst contains putty like desquamated
material,hair follicle, sebaceous and sweat
glands & lined by both dermal and epidermal
components

20. Sebaceous cyst/Epidermoid cyst
• retention cyst
• It is due to blockage of the duct causing a
cystic swelling
• Sebaceous glands are situated in dermis which
secretes sebum through sebaceous duct
which opens either directly to skin surface or
in to a hair follicle

23. • common in face, scalp, scrotum
• not seen in palms and soles??
• contains yellowish white cheesy material with
fat and epithelium & has putty like consistency
• parasite in the wall of the sebaceous cyst—
Demodex folliculorum

24. c/f
• Painless swelling which is smooth, soft,
nontender
• Freely mobile, adherent to skin especially over
the summit, fluctuant(positive Paget’s test),
nontransilluminating with punctum over the
summit(70%)
• moulds on finger indentation.

28. • Multiple sebaceous cysts may be associated
with syndromes like Gardner’s syndrome

29. Cocks peculiar tumour resembling
epithelioma(infected sebaceous cyst
causing fungating like mass)

30. papilloma
• warty swelling from the skin or often from the
mucous membrane
• has got a central axis of connective tissue,
blood vessels & lymphatics

32. Fibroma(benign tumour arising
from fibrous tissue/capsulated)

33. NEUROFIBROMA
• benign tumour arising from connective tissue
of the nerve containing ectodermal, neural
and mesodermal connective tissue
components

35. Lingual schwannoma

36. Ganglion
• cystic swelling occurring in relation to tendon
sheath or synovial sheath or joint capsule
• contains clear gel like fluid
• high recurrence rate (30%). After excision
always it should be sent for histopathology

38. Glomus tumour

39. Ranula