Nanotechnology is one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century. It is the ability to convert the nanoscience theory to useful applications by observing, measuring, manipulating, assembling, controlling and manufacturing matter at the nanometer scale. The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in the United States define Nanotechnology as “a science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale (1 to 100 nm), where unique phenomena enable novel applications in a wide range of fields, from chemistry, physics and biology, to medicine, engineering and electronics” .

1. INTRODUCTION TO
NANOSCALE MATERIALS &
BUCKY BALL
SRIDHARSHINI S
|-M.SC.,BOTANY
22MBO025

2. NANOMATERIALS
• Nanomaterials can be defined as that material
possessing at minimum, one dimensional measuring 1-
100nm.
• Nanomaterial possess unique optical, magnetic, or
electrical properties.
• Ultrafine particulate matter is a well-known example of
nanoscale particles found in the environment.

5. APPLICATIONS
• DISEASE DIAGNOSIS
• CANCER BIOLOGY
• BIOSENSORS
• HYDROGEN GENERATION
• ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
• AGRICULTURE
• POLLUTION CONTROL
• DRUG DELIVERY
• BATTERY APPLICATIONS

7. BUCKY BALL
• Buckyballs, also called fullerenes, were one of the first
nanoparticles discovered.
• This discovery happened in 1985 by a trio of researchers working
out of rice university named richard smalley, harry kroto, and
robert curl.
• Buckyballs are composed of carbon atoms linked to three other
carbon atoms by covalent bonds.
• The carbon atoms are connected in the same pattern of hexagons
and pentagons you find on a soccer ball, giving a buckyball the

8. STRUCTURE
• The covalent bonds between carbon atoms make
buckyballs very strong, and the carbon atoms
readily form covalent bonds with a variety of other
atoms.
• Buckyballs are used in composites to strengthen
material. Buckyballs have the interesting electrical
property of being very good electron acceptors,
which means they accept loose electrons from other
materials.
• This feature is useful, for example, in increasing the
efficiency of solar cells in transforming sunlight into
electricity.
• The most common buckyball contains 60 carbon
atoms and is sometimes called c60.Other sizes of

9. PROPERTIES
• The C60 molecule is extremely stable, being able to withstand high temperatures
and pressures. The exposed surface of the structure is able react with other
species while maintaining the spherical geometry.
• The hollow structure is also able to entrap other smaller species such as helium,
while at the same time not reacting with the fullerene molecule. In fact the
interior of most buckyballs is so spacious, they can encase any element from
the periodic table.
• Buckyballs do not bond to one another. They do however, stick together via van
der waals forces.
• By doping fullerenes, they can be electrically insulating, conducting,
semiconducting or even superconducting.

10. APPLICATIONS
• SUPERCONDUCTORS
• LUBRICANTS
• CATALYSTS DUE TO THEIR HIGH REACTIVITY
• DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, PHARMACEUTICALS AND TARGETED CANCER
THERAPIES.
• DIAMONDS, FULLERENES HAVE BEEN USED AS PRECURSORS TO PRODUCE
DIAMOND FILMS

11. • HYDROGEN STORAGE AS ALMOST EVERY CARBON ATOM IN C60 CAN ABSORB A
HYDROGEN ATOM WITHOUT DISRUPTING THE BUCKYBALL STRUCTURE, MAKING
IT MORE EFFECTIVE THAN METAL HYDRIDES. THIS COULD LEAD TO
APPLICATIONS IN FUEL CELLS.
• OPTICAL DEVICES
• CHEMICAL SENSORS
• PHOTOVOLTAICS
• POLYMER ELECTRONICS SUCH AS ORGANIC FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS (OFETS)
• ANTIOXIDANTS
• POLYMER ADDITIVES
• COSMETICS, WHERE THEY “MOP UP” FREE RADICALS.

12. THANK YOU