here the explanation of herbicide resistance of phosphinothricin in plants. the inhibition how takes place in place is explained in my powerpoint presentation. it is easy to understand and crisp form of how they are react in plants.

1. SUBMIT BY
SRIDHARSHINI S
22MBO025
2nd-M.Sc.,BOTANY
HERBICIDE RESISTANCE -
PHOSPHINOTHRICIN

2. WEEDS
 Weeds are unwanted,
persistent, harmful plants that
impede the growth of other crop
plants.
 Undesirable weeds are plants
that grow alongside the main
plants.

3.  Herbicides are chemicals used
to manipulate or control
undesirable vegetation.
 Herbicide application occurs
most frequently in row-crop
farming, where they are applied
before or during planting to
maximize crop productivity.
HERBICIDE

4. Cross resistance
Weed has gained resistance
to more than 1 herbicide
with same mode of action.
Multiple resistance
Weed has gained tolerance
to more than 1 herbicide
with the different mode of
action.
HERBICIDE RESISTANCE

5.  Gulfosinate ammonium(GA) is a non selective pro-herbicide
that is converted by plants into phytotoxin.
Phosphinothricin(PPT).
 The phosphinothricin inhibits the production of glutamine
synthase(GS).
 The gulfosinate was discovered as an antibiotic produced by
fungus, Streptomyces hygroscopicus.
 Absence of glutamine synthase leads to the accumulation of
ammonium in plants, later on it leads to lethal condition.
ACTION of TRANSGENIC
HERBICIDE PLANTS

6. BILAPHOS or BASTA
Leads to death of plants
phOSPHINOTHRICIn
INHIBITION OF GLUTAMINE
SYNTHAES
Accumilation of
ammonium

7.  Bar gene (bialaphos resistance), which encodes a
phosphinothricin acetyl transferase(PAT) that converts the
herbicidal molecule to a non-toxic acetyl form.
 The acetyl phosphinothricin inactivates the glutamine
synthase.
 The production of glutamine synthase restrict the
accumulation of ammonium and its proceeds the plant to
perform the normal activity.
DETOXIFICATION OF
PHOSPHINOTHRICIN

8. Resistant gene
PAT(Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase)
Leads to proper function of plants
BAR gene
PRODUCTION of PAT gene
Inactivation of
phosphinothricin

9. 1. Cron
2. Rice
3. Wheat
4. Sugarbeet
5. Oilseed rape and alfalfa
6. Cotton
7. Lettuce
8. Sugarcane
9. Cassava
10. Dry beans
PHOSPHINOTHRICIN HERBICIDE
RESISTANCE CROPS

10. 1. Border spectrum of weeds controlled.
2. Reduction of crop injury, herbicide carry-over.
3. Use of transgenic herbicides that are more
environmental friendly.
4. Crop mamnagement flexibility and simplicity.
ADVANTAGES

11. 1. Single selection pressure and weed
resistance.
2. There is a shifts in weed species.
3. Gene escapes, gene flow and contamination
of organic crops.
4. Ecotoxicity(side effects on soil
microorganisms and agricultural flora and
fauna).
DISADVANTAGES

12. THANK YOU