Speaking Green Communications What is in your water might surprise you 03102016
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The poisoning of the drinking water in Flint, Michigan has created headlines nationally. Lead has been known to cause bodily damage when ingested, especially in children. But what is not known are other possible contaminants in your drinking water which not being reported in the news but should be on your radar. Hear about what man-made chemicals may be lurking in your drinking water, how they were introduced into the drinking water supply and what you can do to protect yourself
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Speaking Green Communications What is in your water might surprise you 03102016
- 1. You might be surprised at what might be in our drinking water ECO Green Group Thursday March 10, 2016 by Tony Green Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 2. Alternative Energy Environment Advanced Materials Water Conservation “I believe if people in general had a better understanding of how alternative/clean technologies worked there would much less comprehension and fear toward adopting these technologies.” A voice for sustainability Speaking Green Communications Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016 Website : http://www.speakinggreencommunications.com
- 3. Agenda O p e n i n g T h o u g h t - L e a d i n o u r W a t e r ? E n s u r i n g y o u r w a t e r i s s a f e H o w c a n t h e s e t h i n g s g e t i n o u r w a t e r ? W h a t m i g h t b e i n y o u r w a t e r ? A n d l e t ’ s n o t f o r g e t t h e s e W h a t c a n w e d o a b o u t o u r w a t e r ? I n C l o s i n g – k e e p i n m i n d t h a t … Q u e s t i o n s a n d A n s w e r s Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 4. Would you drink this water? Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 5. http://www.pressdemocrat .com/csp/mediapool/sites https://www.google.com/maps/place/Healdsburg,+CA Lead in our Water Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 6. https://www.cityofflint.com/wp-content/uploads/pipe-with-corrosion- 538x218.jpg https://www.cityofflint.com/wp- content/uploads/Faucet-Web-538x218.png http://mytechbits.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/01/Flint-Michigan- water-contamin.jpg Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 7. E n s u r i n g y o u r w a t e r i s s a f e Should we feel safe about our water ? Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 8. E n s u r i n g y o u r w a t e r i s s a f e 90 Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 9. B y 1 9 7 0 s t u d i e s s h o w e d t h a t h a l f o f t h e U . S . d r i n k i n g w a t e r w a s c o n t a m i n a t e d … . . I n 1 9 7 2 t h e C W A e s t a b l i s h e s t h e b a s i c s t r u c t u r e f o r r e g u l a t i n g d i s c h a r g e s o f p o l l u t a n t s i n t o t h e w a t e r s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016 Ensuring our Water is safe
- 10. F e d e r a l d r i n k i n g w a t e r s t a n d a r d s a r e o r g a n i z e d i n t o s i x g r o u p s : M i c r o o r g a n i s m s D i s i n f e c t a n t s D i s i n f e c t i o n B y p r o d u c t s I n o r g a n i c C h e m i c a l s O r g a n i c C h e m i c a l s R a d i o n u c l i d e s U n d e r t h e S D WA’ s N a t i o n a l P r i m a r y D r i n k i n g Wa t e r R e g u l a t i o n s , d r i n k i n g w a t e r s t a n d a r d s k n o w n a s “ m a x i m u m c o n t a m i n a n t l e v e l s ” o r ( M C L’ s ) safe Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 11. Radiation Silicone Octane Lysol Bacteria Chloroform safe Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 12. Pollu t ant s W a t e r p o l l u t i o n c a n b e n a t u r a l l y o c c u r r i n g - f r o m m i c r o - o r g a n i s m s i n s o i l s a n d w i l d l i f e , r a d i o n u l l l i e d i n u n d e r l y i n g r o c k a n d F l o r i d a , n i t r o g e n a n d h e a v y m e t a l s s u c h a s l e a d , c a d m i u m , a r s e n i c a n d s e l e n i u m . B u t i n m a n y c a s e s , w a t e r q u a l i t y i s m o s t a f f e c t e d b y w h a t h u m a n s p u t i n t o i t . Source : Alex Del’homme ‘s “The Ripple Effect” Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 13. How do these contaminants get in our water? www.dreamstime.com www.dreamstime.com Presenter Personal Image Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 14. Cocaine Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 15. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocainehttps://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine https://www.dreamstime.com Cocaine Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 16. http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/spring08/Cantwell/how.html http://www.dreamstime.com Cocaine Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 17. Cocaine M e t h y l - b e n z o y l e c g o n i n e a c t i v e p r i n c i p a l o b t a i n e d f r o m l e a v e s ( 0 . 5 - 1 %) B e n z o y l e c g i n i n e ( B E ) t h e m a j o r m e t a b o l i t e o f c o c a i n e – f o u n d i n d r i n k i n g w a t e r . Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 18. Source: www.mapsofworld.com Source: www.mapsofworld.com Source: www.mapsofworld.com Cocaine Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 19. • P r e s c r i p t i o n a n d o v e r - t h e c o u n t e r d r u g s • V e t e r i n a r y d r u g s • F r a g r a n c e s • C o s m e t i c s • S u n - s c r e e n p r o d u c t s • D i a g n o s t i c a g e n t s • N u t r a c e u t i c a l s ( e . g . , v i t a m i n s ) P h a r ma c e u t i c a l s a n d P e r s o n a l C a r e P r o d u c t s a s P o l l u t a n t s ( P P CP ) http://fipaonline.com/documents/Presentations/Proper%20Medication%20Disposal%20Program%20by%20Susanna%20Littell%20%20FINAL.ppt Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 20. • I n g e s t e d t h e n e x c r e t e d • D i s c h a r g e d d u r i n g b a t h i n g • D i s c h a r g e d d u r i n g m e d i c a t i o n d i s p o s a l • 5 0 % o f a l l u n u s e d p r e s c r i p t i o n s • 8 0 % o f a l l u n u s e d a n t i b i o t i c s PPCP Source Pathways to the Sewer http://fipaonline.com/documents/Presentations/Proper%20Medication%20Disposal%20Program%20by%20Susanna%20Littell%20%20FINAL.ppt Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 21. Routes of Release of Human and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/labs/Example%20Power%20Point%20Presentations%20(taken%20from%20GC1)/Environment%20and%20Pharmaceuticals.ppt Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 22. Too Many Pharmaceuticals Go Unused… • PhRMA uses an estimate of 3% of all meds go unused: – 82% of antibiotics go unused – 50% of antidepressants – 50% of beta-blockers – 20% of pain meds •Waste management compliance rates for some medications are < 20% Unused Pharmaceu t icals Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 23. PPCPs Are Present in Our Nation’s Waterbodies One or more chemicals were detected in 80 percent of the streams sampled, and 82 of the 95 chemicals were detected at least once. Generally, these chemicals were found at very low concentrations (in most cases, less than 1 part per billion). Mixtures of the chemicals were common: – 75 percent of the streams had more than one – 50 percent had 7 or more – 34 percent had 10 or more.https://extension.usu.edu/waterquality/files/uploads/Whats_in_your_water/pharmaceuticals/Proper_Medication_Disposal_Program.ppt Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 24. PPCPs Are Present in Our Nation’s Waterbodies • The most frequently detected chemicals (found in more than half of the streams) were: – Coprostanol (fecal steroid) – Cholesterol (plant and animal steroid) – N-N-diethyltoluamide (insect repellent) – Caffeine (stimulant) – Triclosan (antimicrobial disinfectant) – Tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (fire retardant) – 4-nonylphenol (nonionic detergent metabolite). • Steroids, nonprescription drugs, and insect repellent were the chemical groups most frequently detected. • Detergent metabolites, steroids, and plasticizers generally were measured at the highest concentrations. https://extension.usu.edu/waterquality/files/uploads/Whats_in_your_water/pharmaceuticals/Proper_Medication_Disposal_Program.ppt Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 25. Source: Pesticides in Drinking Water from the New Jersey Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Consumer and Environmental Health Services P e s t i c i d e s c o n s i s t o f a l a r g e g r o u p o f c h e m i c a l s t h a t a r e u s e d i n a g r i c u l t u r e a n d r e s i d e n t i a l s e t t i n g s t o c o n t r o l p l a n t a n d a n i m a l i n f e s t a t i o n . T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f p e s t i c i d e s : . Pesticides Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 26. S u r f a c e w a t e r r u n o f f R a i n a n d S n o w I m p r o p e r l y d i s p o s e d p e s t i c i d e s Pesticides Source: Pesticides in Drinking Water from the New Jersey Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Consumer and Environmental Health Services Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 27. D e p e n d i n g o n t h e p e s t i c i d e s i n v o l v e d , y o u m a y c o n s i d e r i n s t a l l i n g a G r a n u l a t e d A c t i v a t e d C a r b o n ( G A C ) s y s t e m o r a r e v e r s e o s m o s i s u n i t . Source: dreamstime.com Source: Pesticides in Drinking Water from the New Jersey Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Consumer and Environmental Health Services http://www.cabotcorp.com/solutions/products-plus/activated-carbon http://www.cabotcorp.com/solutions/products-plus/activated-carbon Pesticides Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 28. T h e i n s e c t i c i d e D D T , t h o u g h b a n n e d f o r n e a r l y t w e n t y y e a r s , c a n s t i l l b e f o u n d a t t r a c e l e v e l s i n s o m e g r o u n d w a t e r . Pesticides Source: Pesticides in Drinking Water from the New Jersey Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Consumer and Environmental Health Services Source: dreamstime.com Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 29. Endocrine Disruptors E n v i r o n m e n t a l c o m p o u n d s t h a t i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e n o r m a l f u n c t i o n o f e n d o g e n o u s h o r m o n e s - m a y s t i m u l a t e o r b l o c k t h e a c t i o n s o f h o r m o n e s , o r c a n i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e i r m e t a b o l i s m . https://www.arhp.org/uploadDocs/RH06_Jones.ppt Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 30. A m o r e r e c e n t d e f i n i t i o n o f a “ h o r m o n e ” ( b y N o b e l L a u r e a t e R o g e r G u i l l e m i n ) s u g g e s t s a m u c h b r o a d e r d e f i n i t i o n : " A n y s u b s t a n c e r e l e a s e d b y a c e l l w h i c h a c t s o n a n o t h e r c e l l , n e a r o r f a r . . . "Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 31. Endocrine Disruptors For over 50 years, there hav e been report s concerning chemicals in the environment with hormone -lik e ef f ect s on wildlif e Silent Spring https://www.arhp.org/uploadDocs/RH06_Jones.ppt Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 32. https://www.arhp.org/uploadDocs/RH06_Jones.ppt Endocrine Disruptors Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 33. Endocrine Disruptors They have been recognized to include a diverse range of chemicals including pesticides, plasticizers, flame retardants, industrial byproducts, pharmaceuticals, and plant-derived compounds https://www.arhp.org/uploadDocs/RH06_Jones.ppt Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 34. Bacteria E C o l i I s t h e c o m m o n a b b r e v i a t i o n f o r E s c h e r i a C o l i - t r a n s m i t t e d b y a n i m a l o r h u m a n f e c e s . C o l i f o r m s a r e a f a m i l y o f b a c t e r i a A c c o r d i n g t o t h e E P A , t h e s a f e l i m i t f o r b o t h E C o l i a n d o t h e r c o l i f o r m s i s z e r o . Source: Alex Del’homme ‘s “The Ripple Effect” Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 35. Crypto can potentially survive outside of a human and animal host for weeks and is often resistant to antibacterial cleaners and disinfectants. Crypto is a microscopic protozoan parasite that is the leading cause of waterborne illness in the U.S Bacteria Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 36. O n e o f t h e m o s t f r e q u e n t l y f o u n d c o m p o u n d s i n U S G S s t r e a m r e c o n n a i s s a n c e A n a n t i m i c r o b i a l p r e s e r v a t i v e f o u n d i n : H a n d s o a p D i s h - w a s h i n g p r o d u c t s L a u n d r y d e t e r g e n t s a n d s o f t e n e r s P l a s t i c s ( e . g . , t o y s , c u t t i n g b o a r d s ) T o o t h p a s t e D e o d o r a n t s a n d a n t i p e r s p i r a n t s C o s m e t i c s H a i r c o n d i t i o n e r s P e s t i c i d e s Triclosan http://www.dos.ny.gov/watershed/ppt/PolimeniWestPointSept162008.ppt Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 37. In closing U s e a a B r i t a F i l t e r i n y o u r h o m e T h i n k a b o u t w h a t g o e s d o w n t h e d r a i n C o n s i d e r Wa t e r Tr e a t m e n t S y s t e m ( C a r b o n F i l t e r o r R e v e r s e O s m o s i s ) ) Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 38. Why Book Tony? Tony’s background in clean- tech which includes experience in water, energy, chemicals and the environment and his communication skills refined from this time in sales/marketing will ensure attendees will walk away with timely information and insights presented in an easy to absorb manner. Email: tonygreen@speakinggreencommunications.com for more information Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
- 39. Questions & Answers Copyright @ Speaking Green Communications 2016
Editor's Notes
- Good Morning. For those of you who do not know me my name is Tony Green and I would like to share with you why you what might surprised at what is in your drinking water.
- If you would like to hear any more of these topics these are the topics have given presentations on. My website and social media would be the best way to stay up to date on my future events.
- Here is a my promise on what we will talk about today: Opening Thought - Lead in our Water ? , Ensuring your water is safe What might be in your water? How can these things get in our water? And let’s not forget these What can we do about out water ? Any questions on what you would like to get out on today’s talk?
- I guess I will open with a question : Would you drinking this water? I would not – and why? Clearly there is crap floating in it Problem: in some cases you CANT see what is it the water which may harm you. I am sure you have heard the news lately………….
- About three hours to the North…… Results from all three campus water fountains City of Healdsburg exceeded the federal limit of 15 parts per billion. In addition to elevated lead levels, some of the samples from the main school building, which is about 80 years old, exceeded standards for manganese, iron and turbidity, as well. Only lead testing was conducted in the samples collected this week. Aside: Iron and manganese are considered “secondary contaminants” that affect appearance and taste of the water, generally without raising health concerns. Main building fountains, which would have been installed during an era when lead was still used to solder plumbing. http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5290056-181/county-tests-find-low-levels In the end : Healdsburg “played it” correctly but did NOT announce on timely basis
- FLINT Advisers advocated moving Flint back to its prior drinking water source only months after the city made a fateful April 2014 switch from Lake Huron water to a local river. Following the switch, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) did not require Flint to treat the river water with anti -corrosion agents, allowing lead to leach off pipes and flow into household. Residents began to complain about the city’s water quality. As early as October 2014, concerned about the noticeable water issues. The city switched water supplies in 2014 while a new pipeline was under construction and the corrosive water from the Flint River leached lead from old pipes. Flint would not return to Detroit’s system until October 2015. But an assessment by advisers in the governor’s office determined it would be too expensive for cash-strapped Flint to assume the estimated $1m monthly cost to return to Detroit. “The water source is not the issue. The water did not contain lead. The lack of treatment caused lead to leach from pipes due to lack of corrosion control. http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/26/flint-water-crisis-rick-synder-advisers-emails-Michigan Not that we have a feel for what had been going on recently with our water and And before we discuss the items which might surprise you Let’s touch of on regulation in place to ensure our water is safe
- This seems like a lot to test for, How many things do you think could be tested for? Is this enough? DEPENDS To get a feel for the policies which define out safety requirements I wanted to talk about the CWA /SDWA
- How to ensure Testing Number of chemicals which are tested for in drinking water. 90? Can send .pdf is needed You think this would guarantee our safety of our drinking water. Think again!
- By 1970 studies showed that half of the U.S. drinking water was contaminated….. In 1972 Congress enacted the Clean Water Act (CWA). Since then, local and state governments have worked with industries and wastewater treatment plants to reduce "point-source" pollution to improve the quality of receiving waterways. COULD NOT DUMP CRAP INTO THE WATER The CWA establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States. Under the CWA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has implemented pollution control programs such as setting wastewater standards for industry and water quality standards for all contaminants in surface waters. The CWA made it unlawful to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters, unless a permit was obtained. Point sources are discrete conveyances such as pipes or man-made ditches However, as these pollutants were brought under control, it became evident that other sources of pollution existed. These "nonpoint-source" pollutants were reaching our lakes, rivers and streams from agricultural runoff, urban runoff, stream channelization, mining, land disposal and construction site runoff. To address these sources, the EPA initiated the NPDES Phase I and Phase II storm water programs. Image: water running out a pipe. Source: Kentucky Division of Labor Clean Water Act Fact Sheet
- Every day, over 160,000 municipal water systems provide safe, reliable drinking water to US consumers. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) protects the quality of US drinking water, The SDWA became law in 1974 “after nationwide studies of community water systems revealed widespread water quality problems and health risks resulting from poor operating procedures, inadequate facilities, and uneven management of public water supplies in communities of all sizes,” The new Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), created in 1970, was given regulatory authority and states were given the lead role in implementing and enforcing the new law. Under the SDWA’s National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, drinking water standards known as “maximum contaminant levels” or (MCLs) are developed by EPA for substances that may have an adverse effect on public health.5 EPA lists approximately 90 contaminants (microbial, chemical, radiological and physical) and their MCLs on its Drinking Water Contaminants. The SDWA includes an ongoing process for identifying unregulated contaminants as candidates for potential regulation. Periodically, EPA must publish a “Contaminant Candidate List” (CCL) after careful consultation with the scientific community Reference: http://www.waterandhealth.org/safedrinkingwateractblueprintprotectingnationsdrinkingwater/ Federal drinking water standards are organized into six groups: Microorganisms Disinfectants Disinfection Byproducts Inorganic Chemicals Organic Chemicals Radionuclides
- States and territories must implement rules that are at least as stringent as EPA's to retain primary enforcement authority (primacy) over drinking water. Many states also apply their own state-specific standards, which may be more rigorous or include additional parameters.
- Water pollution can be naturally occurring- from micro-organisms in soils and wildlife, radio null lied in underlying rock and Florida, nitrogen and heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and selenium. But in many cases, water quality is most affected by what humans put into it.
- How can this happen? Ultimately it comes down to three basic things: Unprocessed drugs/pharmaceuticals - Pass through body Drugs Down the toilet – extra prescription Pharm Industry Toilet Not treated by WWTP - not filter, not eaten by bugs, not reacted WWTP Images And now…… drum roll, we can touch on what might be in our water.
- The first micro-contaminant which might be in your water is Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug made from the leaves of the coca plant native to South America. In order to sustain their high, people who use cocaine often use the drug in a binge pattern—taking the drug repeatedly within a relatively short period of time, at increasingly higher doses. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine
- Crack is a form of cocaine that has been processed to make a rock crystal (also called “freebase cocaine”) that can be smoked. The crystal is heated to produce vapors that are absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs. (The term “crack” refers to the crackling sound produced by the rock as it is heated. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine
- History: 1884: Used as local anesthetic in eye surgery 1886: Cocaine introduced in newly launched soft drink - Coca Cola. 1901: Cocaine removed from Coca Cola. 1912: U.S. Govt. reports 5000 cocaine related fatalities in one year 1914: Banned of cocaine in U.S Image Eye and Coca Cola
- Cocaine, also known as benzoylmethylecgonine or coke Toxins: Methyl-benzoylecgonine i.e. Cocaine an active principal obtained from leaves (0.5-1% Al.Cocaine) https://www.slideshare.net/jayeshdabhi/cocaine-5628160?from_m_app=ios Cocaine is extensively metabolized, primarily in the liver, with only about 1% excreted unchanged in the urine. The metabolism is dominated by hydrolytic ester cleavage, so the eliminated metabolites consist mostly of benzoylecgonine (BE), the major metabolite, Benzoylecginine (BE) the major metabolite of cocaine BE cannot be produced by other means
- Places where discovered in water : Italy, United States England
- PPCPs include over 14 million chemical compounds: Prescription and over-the counter drugs Veterinary drugs Fragrances Cosmetics Sun-screen products Diagnostic agents Nutraceuticals (e.g., vitamins)
- http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/labs/Example%20Power%20Point%20Presentations%20(taken%20from%20GC1)/Environment%20and%20Pharmaceuticals.ppt
- Too Many Pharmaceuticals Go Unused… • PhRMA uses an estimate of 3% of all meds go unused: – 82% of antibiotics go unused – 50% of antidepressants – 50% of beta-blockers – 20% of pain meds Waste management compliance rates for some medications are < 20% • Medicare Part D and others require 30-day supply billings, regardless of need and without ability to refund unused expenses (or to return unused product)
- More background One or more chemicals were detected in 80 percent of the streams sampled, and 82 of the 95 chemicals were detected at least once. Generally, these chemicals were found at very low concentrations (in most cases, less than 1 part per billion). Mixtures of the chemicals were common: 75 percent of the streams had more than one 50 percent had 7 or more 34 percent had 10 or more.
- The most frequently detected chemicals (found in more than half of the streams) were: Coprostanol (fecal steroid) Cholesterol (plant and animal steroid) N-N-diethyltoluamide (insect repellent) Caffeine (stimulant) Triclosan (antimicrobial disinfectant) Tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (fire retardant) 4-nonylphenol (nonionic detergent metabolite). Steroids, nonprescription drugs, and insect repellent were the chemical groups most frequently detected. Detergent metabolites, steroids, and plasticizers generally were measured at the highest concentrations
- Pesticides are a large group of chemicals that are used in agriculture and residential settings to control plant and animal infestation. There are several different types of pesticides: Herbicides are used to suppress weed growth. Fungicides are used to control molds, mildews, and rusts Insecticides are used to control insects. For example, termiticides are used to kill termites. Nematocides are used to destroy certain types of worms.
- Surface water runoff can carry pesticides from areas such as agricultural fields, golf courses, and residential properties into lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. Rain and snow can carry pesticides through the soil into underground water supplies. Improperly disposed pesticides can seep into private well water, especially if the well is close to the house or the well casing is cracked.
- Did you know
- Environmental compounds that interfere with the normal function of endogenous hormones - may stimulate or block the actions of hormones, or can interfere with their metabolism.
- For over 50 years, there have been reports concerning chemicals in the environment with hormone-like effects on wildlife Rachel Carson wrote Silent Spring in 1962 which exposed effect of DDT
- DDT is a colorless, crystalline, tasteless and almost odorless organochloride known for its insecticidal properties and environmental impacts. Formula: C14H9Cl5 Molar mass: 354.49 g/mol IUPAC ID: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethane
- E Coli Is the common abbreviation for Escheria Coli, rod shaped bacteria that originates in the lower intensities of warm blooded animals. It is transmitted by animal or human feces. Coliforms are a family of bacteria including E Coli they are also associated with animal or human excrement and cause gastroenteritis. According to the EPA, the safe limit for both E Coli and other coliforms is zero.
- Crypto is a microscopic protozoan parasite that is the leading cause of waterborne illness in the U.S. It is also found in contaminated food and water.tiny parasite found frequently in swimming pools and other recreational waters. This nasty germ causes a short-lived but very unpleasant stomach illness guaranteed to put a damper on summer fun. Crypto can potentially survive outside of a human and animal host for weeks and is often resistant to antibacterial cleaners and disinfectants. http://www.newsweek.com/whatcryptosporidiumandshouldyoubeconcerned348395
- And with that I will take questions..